{"id":1640,"date":"2026-07-20T16:14:33","date_gmt":"2026-07-20T08:14:33","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/mooda.com.cn\/?page_id=1640"},"modified":"2026-07-20T16:14:33","modified_gmt":"2026-07-20T08:14:33","slug":"%e3%80%8a%e7%bb%84%e7%bb%87%e7%a4%be%e4%bc%9a%e5%bf%83%e7%90%86%e5%ad%a6%e3%80%8b%e5%ad%a6%e4%b9%a0%e7%ac%94%e8%ae%b0-067","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/mooda.com.cn\/?page_id=1640","title":{"rendered":"\u300a\u7ec4\u7ec7\u793e\u4f1a\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u300b\u5b66\u4e60\u7b14\u8bb0 067"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

\u63a5\u4e0a\u671f\uff1a<\/em>\u300a\u7ec4\u7ec7\u793e\u4f1a\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u300b\u5b66\u4e60\u7b14\u8bb0 066<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u539f\u6587\uff1aWork your way systematically around the diagram. First look at box 1, “Number of people making comments,” and ask yourself, as the number changes (more people make comments or fewer people make comments), does this affect box 2, box 3, and so on? (These boxes represent variables in the discussion.) Once you have examined all 11 events other than box 1 and have asked yourself whether a change in variable 1 produces a change in these other events, then switch to variable 2 and ask, “As the ‘variety<\/em> of ideas suggested’ changes, does this affect box 3, box 4, and so on?” Whenever something does have an effect on something else, connect those two events by an arrow.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\uff1a\u8bf7\u56f4\u7ed5\u56fe\u8868\u7cfb\u7edf\u5730\u5f00\u5c55\u5206\u6790\u3002\u9996\u5148\u89c2\u5bdf\u65b9\u68461\u2014\u2014\u201c\u53d1\u8868\u8bc4\u8bba\u7684\u4eba\u6570\u201d\uff0c\u5e76\u95ee\u81ea\u5df1\uff1a\u968f\u7740\u8be5\u6570\u91cf\u53d1\u751f\u53d8\u5316\uff08\u5373\u53d1\u8868\u8bc4\u8bba\u7684\u4eba\u6570\u53d8\u591a\u6216\u53d8\u5c11\uff09\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u5426\u4f1a\u5f71\u54cd\u65b9\u68462\u3001\u65b9\u68463\u7b49\u7b49\uff1f\uff08\u8fd9\u4e9b\u65b9\u6846\u4ee3\u8868\u4e86\u8ba8\u8bba\u4e2d\u7684\u5404\u4e2a\u53d8\u91cf\u3002\uff09\u5f53\u4f60\u5ba1\u89c6\u5b8c\u9664\u65b9\u68461\u4e4b\u5916\u7684\u6240\u6709\u5176\u4ed611\u4e2a\u4e8b\u4ef6\uff0c\u5e76\u9010\u4e00\u601d\u8003\u4e86\u53d8\u91cf1\u7684\u53d8\u5316\u662f\u5426\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4e8b\u4ef6\u53d1\u751f\u53d8\u5316\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u518d\u5207\u6362\u5230\u53d8\u91cf2\uff0c\u5e76\u95ee\u81ea\u5df1\uff1a\u201c\u968f\u7740\u2018\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u89c2\u70b9\u591a\u6837\u6027\u2019\u53d1\u751f\u53d8\u5316\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u5426\u4f1a\u5f71\u54cd\u65b9\u68463\u3001\u65b9\u68464\u7b49\u7b49\uff1f\u201d\u6bcf\u5f53\u53d1\u73b0\u67d0\u4e2a\u4e8b\u4ef6\u786e\u5b9e\u5bf9\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e8b\u4ef6\u4ea7\u751f\u4e86\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u5c31\u7528\u4e00\u4e2a\u7bad\u5934\u5c06\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u4e8b\u4ef6\u8fde\u63a5\u8d77\u6765\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n

\n
\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n

\ud83d\udccc \u5b66\u4e60\u7b14\u8bb0<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u8fd9\u5c31\u53cd\u6620\u51fa\u7ef4\u514b\u7684\u4e25\u8c28\u6027\uff0c\u4ed6\u8010\u5fc3\u5730\u8bb2\u89e3\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u6b64\u5904\u7ed9\u51fa\u4e86\u4e00\u5957\u64cd\u4f5c\u6d41\u7a0b\uff0c\u8bf7\u6709\u6761\u4ef6\u7684\u8bfb\u8005\u6309\u8981\u6c42\u8fc7\u4e00\u904d\u3002
1. \u6211\u81ea\u5df1\u505a\u4e86\u4e24\u904d\uff0c\u8fd9\u5e76\u4e0d\u590d\u6742\uff0c\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u9010\u5c42\u63a8\u6f14\u3001\u626b\u63cf\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff0c\u5148\u4ece\u53d8\u91cf1\u51fa\u53d1\uff0c\u4f9d\u6b21\u626b\u63cf\u5b8c\u6240\u6709\u5176\u5b83\u53d8\u91cf\uff0c\u770b\u770b\u53d8\u91cf1\u5bf9\u54ea\u4e9b\u53d8\u91cf\u6709\u5f71\u54cd\u3002\u7136\u540e\u518d\u5982\u6cd5\u70ae\u5236\uff0c\u4ece\u53d8\u91cf2\u51fa\u53d1\uff0c\u4f9d\u6b21\u626b\u63cf\u5176\u5b83\u53d8\u91cf\u3002\u6211\u611f\u89c9\u8fd9\u6837\u505a\u81f3\u5c11\u6709\u4e24\u4e2a\u610f\u4e49\uff0c\u9996\u5148\u662f\u5f3a\u8feb\u6211\u4eec\u53bb\u601d\u8003\u90a3\u4e9b\u5e73\u65f6\u88ab\u5ffd\u7565\u7684\u5f31\u8fde\u63a5\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u53d1\u8868\u610f\u89c1\u7684\u4eba\u6570\u53d8\u591a\u662f\u5426\u4f1a\u6539\u53d8\u4f1a\u573a\u5185\u7684\u6c89\u95f7\u6c14\u6c1b\uff0c\u6216\u6539\u53d8\u4e2a\u4f53\u53d1\u8a00\u7684\u7126\u8651\uff1f\u5176\u6b21\u662f\u907f\u514d\u6211\u4eec\u5728\u8fd8\u672a\u5b8c\u5168\u641e\u6e05\u695a\u5168\u5c40\u65f6\uff0c\u5c31\u8fc7\u65e9\u5730\u4e0b\u7ed3\u8bba\u3002
2. \u8fd9\u5957\u64cd\u4f5c\u8bf4\u660e\u9690\u85cf\u7740\u4e00\u4e2a\u7cfb\u7edf\u52a8\u529b\u5b66\u539f\u7406\uff0c\u867d\u7136\u6211\u4eec\u662f\u5728\u64cd\u4f5c\u65f6\u662f\u6309\u90e8\u5c31\u73ed\u3001\u9075\u5faa\u5355\u5411\u7bad\u5934\uff081 \u2192 2, 1 \u2192 3\uff09\u8fde\u7ebf\u7684\uff0c\u4f46\u5f53 12 \u4e2a\u53d8\u91cf\u88ab\u5168\u90e8\u7a77\u5c3d\u626b\u63cf\u540e\uff0c\u5355\u5411\u7684\u56e0\u679c\u5173\u7cfb\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u95ed\u5408\u4e3a\u53cd\u9988\u56de\u8def\uff0c\u7cfb\u7edf\u4f1a\u53d1\u751f\u8dc3\u8fc1\u3002\u5f53\u4f60\u8fdb\u884c\u5230\u53d8\u91cf2\u6216\u53d8\u91cf3\u7684\u626b\u63cf\u65f6\uff0c\u4f60\u4f1a\u60ca\u89c9\u5730\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c\u7bad\u5934\u5f00\u59cb\u53cd\u5411\u6307\u56de\u53bb\u4e86\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a1 \u2192 2 \u968f\u7740\u4eba\u6570\u589e\u591a\uff0c\u89c2\u70b9\u591a\u6837\u6027\u589e\u52a0\uff1b\u4f46\u5728\u540e\u7eed\u626b\u63cf\u4e2d\u53d1\u73b0 2 \u2192 1 \u89c2\u70b9\u8d8a\u591a\u6837\uff0c\u8d8a\u80fd\u5438\u5f15\u66f4\u591a\u6c89\u9ed8\u7684\u4eba\u52a0\u5165\u8bc4\u8bba\uff09\u3002\u6b64\u65f6\uff0c\u5355\u5411\u7684\u56e0\u679c\u94fe\u6761\u5c31\u95ed\u5408\u4e3a\u53cd\u9988\u56de\u8def\u3002
3. \u7ef4\u514b\u901a\u8fc7\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7ec3\u4e60\u544a\u8bc9\u6211\u4eec\uff1a\u5c0f\u7ec4\u8ba8\u8bba\u7684\u53c2\u4e0e\u8005\u81ea\u4ee5\u4e3a\u662f\u5728\u81ea\u7531\u5730\u53d1\u8868\u610f\u89c1\uff0c\u4f46\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\uff0c\u4e00\u65e6\u8fd9\u4e2a\u56e0\u679c\u7f51\u5728\u4f1a\u8bae\u5f00\u59cb\u540e\u7684\u4e0d\u4e45\u5c31\u4ea4\u7ec7\u5b8c\u6210\uff0c\u5b83\u5c31\u4f1a\u53d8\u6210\u4e00\u4e2a\u5177\u6709\u62c9\u626f\u529b\u7684\u201c\u65e0\u5f62\u7ed3\u6784\u201d\u3002\u6bcf\u4e00\u4e2a\u8eab\u5904\u5176\u4e2d\u7684\u4eba\uff0c\u90fd\u4f1a\u88ab\u7f51\u683c\u4e2d\u7684\u8fd9\u79cd\u62c9\u626f\u5361\u4f4f\uff0c\u8fd9\u6b63\u662f\u7ec4\u7ec7\u201c\u81ea\u6211\u7ec4\u7ec7\u5316\u201d\u7684\u5fae\u89c2\u771f\u76f8\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u539f\u6587\uff1aIn addition to drawing arrows among the events you should also place either a plus or a minus sign next to each<\/em> arrow that you draw. When you draw an arrow, that simply says that the event at the blunt end of the arrow has an effect on the event at the sharp end of the arrow. The plus and minus designation permits you to identify what kind of effect occurs. A plus sign means that the two connected events change in the same<\/em> direction. For example, suppose you had an arrow going from box 10 to box 5 showing that when your feelings of boredom change this affects the number of ideas you have. Suppose further that as your boredom increases, the number of ideas you have also increases (when you get bored your mind wanders and you dream up ideas to entertain yourself). And suppose that as your boredom decreases the number of ideas you have also decreases. In both of these cases the connected variables change in the same<\/em> direction. When one goes up the other one goes up; when one goes down the other one goes down. In your diagram, put a plus sign next to every arrow connecting variables that move in the same<\/em> direction.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\uff1a\u9664\u4e86\u5728\u5404\u4e8b\u4ef6\u4e4b\u95f4\u753b\u51fa\u7bad\u5934\u5916\uff0c\u60a8\u8fd8\u5e94\u8be5\u5728\u6240\u753b\u7684\u6bcf\u4e2a\u7bad\u5934\u65c1\u6807\u4e0a\u52a0\u53f7\uff08+\uff09\u6216\u51cf\u53f7\uff08-\uff09\u3002\u5f53\u4f60\u753b\u51fa\u4e00\u4e2a\u7bad\u5934\u65f6\uff0c\u5b83\u4ec5\u4ec5\u8868\u660e\u5904\u4e8e\u7bad\u5934\u8d77\u70b9\u7684\u4e8b\u4ef6\u5bf9\u5904\u4e8e\u7bad\u5934\u7ec8\u70b9\u7684\u4e8b\u4ef6\u4ea7\u751f\u4e86\u5f71\u54cd\u3002\u800c\u52a0\u53f7\u548c\u51cf\u53f7\u7684\u6807\u8bb0\u5219\u5141\u8bb8\u60a8\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u8bc6\u522b\u7a76\u7adf\u53d1\u751f\u4e86\u4f55\u79cd\u6027\u8d28\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u3002\u52a0\u53f7\uff08+\uff09\u610f\u5473\u7740\u4e24\u4e2a\u76f8\u8fde\u7684\u53d8\u91cf\u4f1a\u671d\u7740\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u65b9\u5411\u53d1\u751f\u53d8\u5316\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5047\u8bbe\u4f60\u753b\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u4ece\u65b9\u684610\u6307\u5411\u65b9\u68465\u7684\u7bad\u5934\uff0c\u8868\u660e\u5f53\u4f60\u7684\u201c\u65e0\u804a\u611f\u201d\u53d1\u751f\u53d8\u5316\u65f6\uff0c\u4f1a\u5f71\u54cd\u5230\u4f60\u201c\u60f3\u51fa\u7684\u70b9\u5b50\u6570\u91cf\u201d\u3002\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u5047\u8bbe\uff0c\u968f\u7740\u4f60\u65e0\u804a\u611f\u7684\u589e\u52a0\uff0c\u4f60\u60f3\u51fa\u7684\u70b9\u5b50\u6570\u91cf\u4e5f\u968f\u4e4b\u589e\u52a0\uff08\u5f53\u4f60\u611f\u5230\u65e0\u804a\u65f6\uff0c\u4f60\u4f1a\u5f00\u5c0f\u5dee\uff0c\u5e76\u901a\u8fc7\u6784\u601d\u4e00\u4e9b\u70b9\u5b50\u6765\u5a31\u4e50\u81ea\u5df1\uff09\u3002\u540c\u6837\u5047\u8bbe\uff0c\u968f\u7740\u4f60\u65e0\u804a\u611f\u7684\u51cf\u5c11\uff0c\u4f60\u60f3\u51fa\u7684\u70b9\u5b50\u6570\u91cf\u4e5f\u968f\u4e4b\u51cf\u5c11\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u4e24\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u76f8\u8fde\u7684\u53d8\u91cf\u90fd\u671d\u7740\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u65b9\u5411\u53d8\u5316\uff1a\u5f53\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e0a\u5347\u65f6\uff0c\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e5f\u4e0a\u5347\uff1b\u5f53\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e0b\u964d\u65f6\uff0c\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e5f\u4e0b\u964d\u3002\u5728\u60a8\u7684\u56fe\u8868\u4e2d\uff0c\u8bf7\u5728\u6240\u6709\u8fde\u63a5\u540c\u5411\u8fd0\u52a8\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u7bad\u5934\u65c1\uff0c\u90fd\u6807\u4e0a\u4e00\u4e2a\u52a0\u53f7\uff08+\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\ud83d\udccc \u5b66\u4e60\u7b14\u8bb0<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u7ef4\u514b\u5728\u6b64\u5904\u505a\u4e86\u8865\u5145\u8bf4\u660e\uff0c\u6b63\u5f0f\u8bb2\u89e3\u4e86\u56e0\u679c\u56de\u8def\u56fe\u4e2d\u7b26\u53f7\u6781\u6027\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u5b9a\u4e49\u3002\u4ed6\u901a\u8fc7\u53cd\u76f4\u89c9\u7684\u7ecf\u5178\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u6848\u4f8b\uff0c\u9610\u660e\u4e86\u5982\u4f55\u901a\u8fc7\u201c\u52a0\u53f7\uff08+\uff09\u201d\u6765\u6355\u6349\u7ec4\u7ec7\u5fae\u89c2\u4e92\u52a8\u4e2d\u53d8\u91cf\u540c\u5411\u53d8\u52a8\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\u540c\u6784\u6027\u3002
1. \u6781\u6027\u5bf9\u6709\u5411\u56e0\u679c\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\u6df1\u5316\uff0c\u5728\u524d\u6587\u4e2d\uff0c\u7bad\u5934\u4ec5\u8868\u5f81\u4e86\u56e0\u679c\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u5b58\u5728\u6027\u4e0e\u65b9\u5411\u6027\uff08\u5373 X \u2192 Y \u4ee3\u8868 Y=f(X)\uff09\u3002\u800c\u52a0\u53f7\uff08+\uff09\u7684\u5f15\u5165\uff0c\u5219\u4e3a\u8be5\u51fd\u6570\u5173\u7cfb\u8d4b\u4e88\u4e86\u5355\u8c03\u6027\u7279\u5f81\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n