{"id":1584,"date":"2026-07-20T14:36:54","date_gmt":"2026-07-20T06:36:54","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/mooda.com.cn\/?page_id=1584"},"modified":"2026-07-20T14:36:54","modified_gmt":"2026-07-20T06:36:54","slug":"%e3%80%8a%e7%bb%84%e7%bb%87%e7%a4%be%e4%bc%9a%e5%bf%83%e7%90%86%e5%ad%a6%e3%80%8b%e5%ad%a6%e4%b9%a0%e7%ac%94%e8%ae%b0-056","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/mooda.com.cn\/?page_id=1584","title":{"rendered":"\u300a\u7ec4\u7ec7\u793e\u4f1a\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u300b\u5b66\u4e60\u7b14\u8bb0 056"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><em>\u63a5\u4e0a\u671f\uff1a<\/em><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/mp.weixin.qq.com\/s?__biz=MzI5MjIxMzQxMA==&amp;mid=2247493453&amp;idx=1&amp;sn=ab7d0b46ba38ed21c5471c17244d8177&amp;scene=21#wechat_redirect\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">\u300a\u7ec4\u7ec7\u793e\u4f1a\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u300b\u5b66\u4e60\u7b14\u8bb0 055<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>EVALUATION<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u8bc4\u4ef7<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u539f\u6587\uff1aWhat seems to be bad is really good; what seems to be good is really bad. Cancer is good because it&#8217;s evidence of growth. Families are bad because they stifle adult development. This form of generating interest involves selective highlighting of accepted values.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\uff1a\u8fd9\u4e00\u8303\u7574\u7684\u903b\u8f91\u662f\uff1a\u770b\u4f3c\u574f\u7684\u4e8b\u7269\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u662f\u597d\u7684\uff1b\u770b\u4f3c\u597d\u7684\u4e8b\u7269\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u662f\u574f\u7684\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u764c\u75c7\u662f\u597d\u7684\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u8bc1\u660e\u4e86\u751f\u957f\u7684\u529b\u91cf\uff1b\u5bb6\u5ead\u662f\u574f\u7684\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u4eec\u627c\u6740\u4e86\u6210\u5e74\u4eba\u7684\u4e2a\u4eba\u53d1\u5c55\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u4ea7\u751f\u8da3\u5473\u6027\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u6d89\u53ca\u5bf9\u516c\u8ba4\u4ef7\u503c\u7684\u9009\u62e9\u6027\u5f3a\u8c03\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Davis outlines two strategies that involve interest and evaluation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u6234\u7ef4\u65af\u6982\u8ff0\u4e86\u4e24\u79cd\u6d89\u53ca\u201c\u8da3\u5473\u6027\u201d\u4e0e\u201c\u8bc4\u4ef7\u201d\u7684\u7b56\u7565\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\ud83d\udccc \u5b66\u4e60\u7b14\u8bb0<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u8fd9\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u63a2\u8ba8\u4e86\u8bc4\u4ef7\u7ef4\u5ea6\u7684\u8ba4\u77e5\u53cd\u8f6c\u3002\u5b83\u901a\u8fc7\u5f7b\u5e95\u98a0\u8986\u793e\u4f1a\u516c\u8ba4\u7684\u201c\u597d\u4e0e\u574f\u201d\u7684\u4ef7\u503c\u5224\u65ad\uff0c\u4ea7\u751f\u6781\u5f3a\u7684\u5fc3\u7406\u51b2\u51fb\u529b\u548c\u5b66\u672f\u8da3\u5473\u6027\u3002\u5176\u6838\u5fc3\u903b\u8f91\u5728\u4e8e\uff1a\u9053\u5fb7\u6216\u529f\u80fd\u4e0a\u7684\u5b9a\u6027\u5e76\u975e\u7edd\u5bf9\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u4f60\u9009\u62e9\u5ba1\u89c6\u7684\u4fa7\u9762\u3002<br>1. \u8bc4\u4ef7\u7684\u53cd\u8f6c\u5e76\u975e\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u80e1\u8a00\u4e71\u8bed\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u89c6\u89d2\u5207\u6362\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li>\u574f\u4e2d\u89c1\u597d\uff1a \u5728\u516c\u8ba4\u7684\u8d1f\u9762\u73b0\u8c61\u4e2d\u5bfb\u627e\u79ef\u6781\u7684\u6f14\u5316\u610f\u4e49\u6216\u529f\u80fd\u4ef7\u503c\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u597d\u4e2d\u89c1\u574f\uff1a \u63ed\u793a\u516c\u8ba4\u7684\u6b63\u5411\u5236\u5ea6\u6216\u4ef7\u503c\u89c2\u80cc\u540e\u6240\u9690\u85cf\u7684\u5265\u524a\u3001\u538b\u6291\u6216\u526f\u4f5c\u7528\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>2. \u5728\u7ec4\u7ec7\u63a2\u7a76\u4e2d\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u8bc4\u4ef7\u7ef4\u5ea6\u7684\u53cd\u8f6c\u662f\u6279\u5224\u6027\u601d\u7ef4\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\uff0c\u80fd\u5e2e\u52a9\u6211\u4eec\u770b\u900f\u7ba1\u7406\u53e3\u53f7\u80cc\u540e\u7684\u590d\u6742\u771f\u5b9e\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li>\u7b2c\u4e00\u79cd\u7b56\u7565\uff1a\u770b\u4f3c\u574f\u7684\uff0c\u5176\u5b9e\u662f\u597d\u7684\uff0c\u7ba1\u7406\u8005\u901a\u5e38\u8bd5\u56fe\u6d88\u9664\u6240\u6709\u7684\u201c\u8d1f\u9762\u201d\u73b0\u8c61\uff0c\u4f46\u7ec4\u7ec7\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u8bc1\u660e\uff0c\u67d0\u4e9b\u201c\u574f\u4e8b\u201d\u662f\u7cfb\u7edf\u5065\u5eb7\u7684\u4f53\u5f81\u3002<br>a \u770b\u4f3c\u574f\u7684\u51b2\u7a81\u662f\u597d\u7684\uff1a \u4f20\u7edf\u7684\u201c\u597d\u4eba\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u201d\u8ba4\u4e3a\u51b2\u7a81\u7834\u574f\u548c\u8c10\u3002\u4f46\u7814\u7a76\u8bc1\u660e\uff0c\u4efb\u52a1\u578b\u51b2\u7a81\u662f\u907f\u514d\u201c\u7fa4\u4f53\u6781\u5316\u201d\u548c\u201c\u7fa4\u4f53\u76f2\u601d\u201d\u7684\u5fc5\u8981\u6761\u4ef6\u3002\u6ca1\u6709\u51b2\u7a81\u7684\u7ec4\u7ec7\u901a\u5e38\u662f\u50f5\u5316\u7684\u3002<br>b \u770b\u4f3c\u574f\u7684\u9002\u5ea6\u7684\u79bb\u804c\u7387\u662f\u597d\u7684\uff1a \u79bb\u804c\u770b\u4f3c\u662f\u4eba\u624d\u6d41\u5931\uff0c\u5b9e\u5219\u662f\u7ec4\u7ec7\u65b0\u9648\u4ee3\u8c22\u7684\u4f53\u73b0\u3002\u5b83\u80fd\u5f15\u5165\u65b0\u6280\u80fd\u5e76\u6253\u7834\u56fa\u5316\u7684\u975e\u6b63\u5f0f\u6743\u529b\u7ed3\u6784\u3002<br>c \u770b\u4f3c\u574f\u7684\u5931\u8d25\u662f\u597d\u7684\uff1a \u8fd9\u79cd\u8bc4\u4ef7\u5e38\u89c1\u4e8e\u521b\u65b0\u7ba1\u7406\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4e00\u4e2a\u56e2\u961f\u4ece\u4e0d\u5931\u8d25\uff0c\u8bf4\u660e\u5176\u76ee\u6807\u8bbe\u5b9a\u8fc7\u4e8e\u4fdd\u5b88\uff0c\u7f3a\u4e4f\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u589e\u957f\u6f5c\u529b\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u7b2c\u4e8c\u79cd\u7b56\u7565\uff1a\u770b\u4f3c\u597d\u7684\uff0c\u5176\u5b9e\u662f\u574f\u7684\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u7b56\u7565\u66f4\u5177\u6311\u6218\u6027\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u76f4\u6307\u90a3\u4e9b\u88ab\u5949\u4e3a\u572d\u81ec\u7684\u201c\u4f01\u4e1a\u6587\u5316\u201d\u3002<br>a \u770b\u4f3c\u597d\u7684\u9ad8\u5ea6\u656c\u4e1a\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u574f\u7684\uff1a\u56e0\u4e3a\u8868\u9762\u4e0a\u5458\u5de5\u5145\u6ee1\u6fc0\u60c5\uff0c\u5b9e\u5219\u53ef\u80fd\u9690\u85cf\u7740\u957f\u671f\u7684\u804c\u4e1a\u5026\u6020\u548c\u5bf9\u4e2a\u4eba\u751f\u6d3b\u7684\u6781\u7aef\u538b\u69a8\uff0c\u5bfc\u81f4\u4eba\u624d\u7684\u201c\u65e9\u592d\u201d\u3002<br>b \u770b\u4f3c\u597d\u7684\u5b8c\u5168\u4e00\u81f4\u7684\u5171\u8bc6\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u574f\u7684\uff1a \u8ffd\u6c42\u548c\u8c10\u4e0e\u4e00\u81f4\u901a\u8fc7\uff0c\u5f80\u5f80\u662f\u5e73\u5eb8\u5316\u7684\u5f00\u59cb\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u201c\u597d\u73b0\u8c61\u201d\u5b9e\u8d28\u4e0a\u627c\u6740\u4e86\u5f02\u89c1\u548c\u521b\u65b0\u7684\u82d7\u5934\u3002<br>c \u770b\u4f3c\u597d\u7684\u4e30\u539a\u798f\u5229\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u574f\u7684\uff1a \u8fd9\u79cd\u201c\u597d\u201d\u53ef\u80fd\u6784\u5efa\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u201c\u91d1\u624b\u94d0\u201d\u73af\u5883\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u5458\u5de5\u56e0\u4e3a\u7ecf\u6d4e\u4f9d\u8d56\u800c\u5931\u53bb\u6d41\u52a8\u6027\u548c\u521b\u65b0\u52a8\u529b\uff0c\u5bfc\u81f4\u7ec4\u7ec7\u5185\u90e8\u5145\u65a5\u7740\u201c\u50f5\u5c38\u4eba\u624d\u201d\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li>\u5b66\u4e60\u603b\u7ed3\u8868\uff1a\u8bc4\u4ef7\u7684\u53cd\u8f6c<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"245\" src=\"https:\/\/mooda.com.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/image-6-1024x245.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1585\" srcset=\"https:\/\/mooda.com.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/image-6-1024x245.png 1024w, https:\/\/mooda.com.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/image-6-300x72.png 300w, https:\/\/mooda.com.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/image-6-768x183.png 768w, https:\/\/mooda.com.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/image-6.png 1080w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 767px) 89vw, (max-width: 1000px) 54vw, (max-width: 1071px) 543px, 580px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>3. \u6234\u7ef4\u65af\u63d0\u9192\u6211\u4eec\uff0c\u5728\u505a\u7ec4\u7ec7\u5206\u6790\u65f6\u8981\u4fdd\u6301\u9053\u5fb7\u4e2d\u7acb\uff1a\u4e0d\u8981\u56e0\u4e3a\u770b\u5230\u4e00\u4e2a\u73b0\u8c61\u88ab\u6807\u8bb0\u4e3a\u201c\u574f\u201d\uff08\u5982\u5b98\u50da\u3001\u51b2\u7a81\u3001\u95f2\u804a\uff09\u5c31\u6025\u4e8e\u6d88\u9664\u5b83\u3002\u4e0d\u8981\u56e0\u4e3a\u770b\u5230\u4e00\u4e2a\u73b0\u8c61\u88ab\u6807\u8bb0\u4e3a\u201c\u597d\u201d\uff08\u5982\u56e2\u7ed3\u3001\u9ad8\u85aa\u3001\u6548\u7387\uff09\u5c31\u76f2\u76ee\u63a8\u5d07\u5b83\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p>\u539f\u6587\uff1aFirst, a person can generate interest in a phenomenon by first assessing his audience&#8217;s appraisal of an object and then choosing as his indicator of the phenomenon those aspects that represent the opposite of their appraisal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\uff1a\u9996\u5148\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u4eba\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u5982\u4e0b\u65b9\u5f0f\u6fc0\u53d1\u8d77\u5bf9\u67d0\u4e00\u73b0\u8c61\u7684\u5174\u8da3\uff1a\u5148\u8bc4\u4f30\u53d7\u4f17\u5bf9\u67d0\u4e2a\u5ba2\u4f53\u7684\u65e2\u6709\u8bc4\u4ef7\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u9009\u62e9\u8be5\u73b0\u8c61\u4e2d\u90a3\u4e9b\u4e0e\u5176\u65e2\u6709\u8bc4\u4ef7\u5b8c\u5168\u76f8\u53cd\u7684\u4fa7\u9762\uff0c\u5e76\u5c06\u5176\u4f5c\u4e3a\u8be5\u73b0\u8c61\u7684\u8861\u91cf\u6307\u6807\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\ud83d\udccc \u5b66\u4e60\u7b14\u8bb0<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u8fd9\u6bb5\u6587\u5b57\u63ed\u793a\u4e86\u8bc4\u4ef7\u8fd9\u4e00\u7ef4\u5ea6\u7684\u5982\u4f55\u201c\u6709\u8da3\u201d\uff0c\u8bc4\u4ef7\u5e76\u975e\u6e90\u4e8e\u5ba2\u89c2\u771f\u7406\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u6e90\u4e8e\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u4e0e\u53d7\u4f17\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u4e00\u573a\u8ba4\u77e5\u535a\u5f08\u3002<br>1. \u8bc4\u4ef7\u4ea7\u751f\u8da3\u5473\u6027\u7684\u4e09\u4e2a\u6b65\u9aa4\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li>\u53d7\u4f17\u753b\u50cf\uff1a \u641e\u6e05\u695a\u53d7\u4f17\u5fc3\u91cc\u89c9\u5f97\u4ec0\u4e48\u662f\u201c\u597d\u201d\uff0c\u4ec0\u4e48\u662f\u201c\u574f\u201d\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u6307\u6807\u4f4d\u79fb\uff1a \u907f\u5f00\u90a3\u4e9b\u652f\u6491\u53d7\u4f17\u65e2\u6709\u8bc4\u4ef7\u7684\u5e38\u89c4\u6307\u6807\uff0c\u53bb\u6316\u6398\u88ab\u5ffd\u89c6\u7684\u6f5c\u5c42\u6307\u6807\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u4ef7\u503c\u5bf9\u51b2\uff1a \u5229\u7528\u65b0\u6307\u6807\u5f97\u51fa\u7684\u7ed3\u8bba\uff0c\u53bb\u51b2\u51fb\u65e7\u6307\u6807\u5efa\u7acb\u7684\u7ed3\u8bba\u3002\u5176\u672c\u8d28\u662f\u9009\u62e9\u6027\u504f\u5dee\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u6539\u53d8\u89c2\u5bdf\u7684\u5207\u5165\u70b9\uff0c\u5f3a\u884c\u6539\u53d8\u7ed3\u8bba\u7684\u6781\u6027\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>2. \u5728\u7ec4\u7ec7\u54a8\u8be2\u6216\u5b66\u672f\u6c47\u62a5\u4e2d\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528\u8fd9\u4e00\u7b56\u7565\u662f\u6253\u7834\u201c\u4e13\u5bb6\u50b2\u6162\u201d\u6216\u201c\u601d\u7ef4\u5b9a\u5f0f\u201d\u6700\u6709\u6548\u7684\u624b\u6bb5\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li>\u6539\u53d8\u8bc4\u4ef7\u201c\u597d\u8001\u677f\u201d\u7684\u6307\u6807\uff0c\u5982\uff0c\u5927\u5bb6\u90fd\u8ba4\u4e3a\u201c\u60c5\u7eea\u7a33\u5b9a\u3001\u4ece\u4e0d\u9a82\u4eba\u201d\u7684\u8001\u677f\u662f\u597d\u8001\u677f\uff08\u6307\u6807\uff1a\u4eba\u9645\u548c\u8c10\u5ea6\uff09\u3002\u800c\u6211\u4eec\u9009\u62e9\u201c\u5458\u5de5\u51b3\u7b56\u72ec\u7acb\u6027\u201d\u4f5c\u4e3a\u6307\u6807\u6765\u770b\u7ed3\u8bba\u5c31\u53d8\u4e86\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u2019\u8001\u597d\u4eba\u2019\u8001\u677f\u4ece\u4e0d\u7ed9\u5458\u5de5\u65bd\u52a0\u5fc5\u8981\u538b\u529b\uff0c\u5bfc\u81f4\u5458\u5de5\u5728\u9762\u5bf9\u5371\u673a\u65f6\u7f3a\u4e4f\u72ec\u7acb\u51b3\u7b56\u80fd\u529b\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u4ece\u4e0d\u9a82\u4eba\u7684\u8001\u677f\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u662f\u5931\u804c\u7684\uff08\u574f\u7684\uff09\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u6539\u53d8\u8bc4\u4ef7\u201c\u6210\u529f\u9879\u76ee\u201d\u7684\u6307\u6807\uff0c\u5982\u4e00\u822c\u8ba4\u4e3a\u9884\u7b97\u5185\u6309\u65f6\u4ea4\u4ed8\u7684\u9879\u76ee\u662f\u6210\u529f\u7684\uff08\u6307\u6807\uff1a\u65f6\u95f4\u4e0e\u6210\u672c\u63a7\u5236\uff09\u3002\u4f46\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u9009\u62e9\u201c\u7ec4\u7ec7\u957f\u671f\u5b66\u4e60\u80fd\u529b\u201d\u4f5c\u4e3a\u6307\u6807\uff0c\u5219\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u201c\u90a3\u4e9b\u56e0\u6781\u7aef\u8ffd\u6c42\u8fdb\u5ea6\u800c\u2018\u51c6\u65f6\u2019\u4ea4\u4ed8\u7684\u9879\u76ee\uff0c\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u901a\u8fc7\u627c\u6740\u56e2\u961f\u63a2\u7d22\u65b0\u5de5\u5177\u7684\u673a\u4f1a\u800c\u635f\u5bb3\u4e86\u516c\u53f8\u957f\u671f\u7ade\u4e89\u529b\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u8fd9\u79cd\u6309\u65f6\u4ea4\u4ed8\u4ece\u957f\u671f\u770b\u662f\u574f\u7684\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>3. \u7ef4\u514b\u4e4b\u6240\u4ee5\u9009\u62e9\u6234\u7ef4\u65af\u7684\u7406\u8bba\uff0c\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u6234\u7ef4\u65af\u7684\u6d1e\u5bdf\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u5e26\u6709\u5f88\u5f3a\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u6784\u5efa\u4e3b\u4e49\u8272\u5f69\uff0c\u548c\u7ef4\u514b\u7684\u770b\u6cd5\u662f\u4e00\u81f4\u7684\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li>\u4e8b\u5b9e\u7684\u591a\u9762\u6027\uff1a\u793e\u4f1a\u73b0\u8c61\u672c\u8eab\u662f\u590d\u6742\u7684\uff0c\u65e2\u6709\u597d\u7684\u4fa7\u9762\u4e5f\u6709\u574f\u7684\u4fa7\u9762\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u8da3\u5473\u6027\u7684\u4ee3\u4ef7\uff1a\u4e3a\u4e86\u8ba9\u89c2\u70b9\u201c\u6709\u8da3\u201d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5f80\u5f80\u9700\u8981\u727a\u7272\u6389\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u201c\u5168\u9762\u6027\u201d\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>\u4f5c\u4e3a\u63a2\u7a76\u8005\uff0c\u5f53\u6211\u4eec\u60f3\u8981\u63d0\u51fa\u4e00\u4e2a\u5f15\u4eba\u5165\u80dc\u7684\u8bba\u70b9\u65f6\uff0c\u4e0d\u8981\u6025\u7740\u53bb\u627e\u65b0\u4e8b\u5b9e\uff0c\u800c\u8981\u5148\u95ee\u81ea\u5df1\uff1a\u201c\u6211\u7684\u53d7\u4f17\u73b0\u5728\u6700\u770b\u91cd\u54ea\u4e2a\u6307\u6807\uff1f\u6211\u80fd\u4e0d\u80fd\u627e\u51fa\u4e00\u4e2a\u76f8\u53cd\u7684\u6307\u6807\uff0c\u6765\u8bc1\u660e\u4ed6\u4eec\u773c\u4e2d\u7684\u2018\u597d\u2019\u5176\u5b9e\u5728\u67d0\u79cd\u610f\u4e49\u4e0a\u662f\u975e\u5e38\u2018\u574f\u2019\u7684\uff1f\u201d<br>\u8fd9\u79cd\u201c\u6307\u6807\u53cd\u8f6c\u672f\u201d\u80fd\u8ba9\u4f60\u5728\u6c47\u62a5\u6216\u5199\u4f5c\u4e2d\u5efa\u7acb\u8d77\u6781\u5f3a\u7684\u601d\u7ef4\u7edf\u6cbb\u529b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p>\u539f\u6587\uff1aThus, if a social theorist wishes to counter his audience&#8217;s appraisal of American Society as great or as awful, he need merely select, to serve as his indicators of the moral worth of American Society as a whole, those of its aspects which are generally considered bad (like pollution, pockets of poverty, materialism, etc.) or those of its aspects which are generally considered good (like technology, average income, abundant consumer goods, etc.) (Davis 1971, p. 321).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\uff1a\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4e00\u4f4d\u793e\u4f1a\u7406\u8bba\u5bb6\u60f3\u8981\u53cd\u9a73\u5176\u53d7\u4f17\u5bf9\u7f8e\u56fd\u793e\u4f1a\u201c\u4f1f\u5927\u201d\u6216\u201c\u7cdf\u7cd5\u201d\u7684\u8bc4\u4ef7\uff0c\u4ed6\u53ea\u9700\u9009\u62e9\u90a3\u4e9b\u80fd\u4ee3\u8868\u8be5\u793e\u4f1a\u6574\u4f53\u9053\u5fb7\u4ef7\u503c\u7684\u6307\u6807\u5373\u53ef\uff1a\u8981\u4e48\u9009\u62e9\u90a3\u4e9b\u901a\u5e38\u88ab\u8ba4\u4e3a\u662f\u574f\u7684\u4fa7\u9762\uff08\u5982\u6c61\u67d3\u3001\u5c40\u90e8\u8d2b\u56f0\u3001\u7269\u8d28\u4e3b\u4e49\u7b49\uff09\uff0c\u8981\u4e48\u9009\u62e9\u90a3\u4e9b\u901a\u5e38\u88ab\u8ba4\u4e3a\u662f\u597d\u7684\u4fa7\u9762\uff08\u5982\u79d1\u6280\u3001\u5e73\u5747\u6536\u5165\u3001\u4e30\u5bcc\u7684\u6d88\u8d39\u54c1\u7b49\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\ud83d\udccc \u5b66\u4e60\u7b14\u8bb0<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u8fd9\u6bb5\u6587\u5b57\u63ed\u793a\u4e86\u8bc4\u4ef7\u7b56\u7565\u5728\u5b8f\u89c2\u793e\u4f1a\u53d9\u4e8b\u4e2d\u7684\u5177\u4f53\u64cd\u4f5c\u624b\u6bb5\u3002\u6234\u7ef4\u65af\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u8bc4\u4ef7\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b8f\u5927\u7684\u5b9e\u4f53\uff08\u5982\u201c\u7f8e\u56fd\u793e\u4f1a\u201d\uff09\u672c\u8d28\u4e0a\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u9009\u62e9\u6027\u5f52\u7eb3\u7684\u827a\u672f\uff1a\u901a\u8fc7\u6539\u53d8\u201c\u6307\u6807\u201d\u7684\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u53ef\u4ee5\u968f\u610f\u6784\u5efa\u51fa\u201c\u4f1f\u5927\u201d\u6216\u201c\u7cdf\u7cd5\u201d\u7684\u7ed3\u8bba\u3002<br>1. \u8fd9\u6bb5\u8bdd\u5c55\u793a\u4e86\u5982\u4f55\u901a\u8fc7\u5c40\u90e8\u4ee3\u8868\u6574\u4f53\u7684\u903b\u8f91\u6765\u64cd\u7eb5\u8bc4\u4ef7\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li>\u53cd\u5411\u951a\u5b9a\uff1a\u8981\u63a8\u7ffb\u53d7\u4f17\u7684\u7ed3\u8bba\uff0c\u4f60\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u53cd\u9a73\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u4e8b\u5b9e\uff0c\u4f60\u53ea\u9700\u8981\u5f15\u5165\u53e6\u4e00\u7ec4\u4e8b\u5b9e\u4f5c\u4e3a\u8861\u91cf\u6807\u51c6\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u6307\u6807\u7684\u6743\u91cd\uff1a\u8bc4\u4ef7\u7684\u672c\u8d28\u4e0d\u662f\u4e8b\u5b9e\u7684\u7f57\u5217\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u5bf9\u6307\u6807\u6743\u91cd\u7684\u5206\u914d\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u5c06\u201c\u73af\u5883\u8d28\u91cf\u201d\u8bbe\u4e3a\u8bc4\u4ef7\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u6307\u6807\uff0c\u7ed3\u8bba\u5fc5\u7136\u662f\u8d1f\u9762\u7684\uff1b\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u5c06\u201c\u521b\u65b0\u6548\u7387\u201d\u8bbe\u4e3a\u7b2c\u4e00\u6307\u6807\uff0c\u7ed3\u8bba\u5219\u8f6c\u4e3a\u6b63\u5411\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u8ba4\u77e5\u5931\u8c03\u7684\u5229\u7528\uff1a \u5f53\u4f60\u5411\u4e00\u4e2a\u575a\u4fe1\u793e\u4f1a\u4f1f\u5927\u7684\u4eba\u5c55\u793a\u201c\u8d2b\u56f0\u53e3\u888b\u201d\u65f6\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u8d1f\u9762\u6307\u6807\u4f1a\u5236\u9020\u8ba4\u77e5\u51b2\u7a81\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u4ea7\u751f\u6240\u8c13\u7684\u201c\u8da3\u5473\u6027\u201d\u6216\u201c\u51b2\u51fb\u529b\u201d\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>2. \u8fd9\u79cd\u7b56\u7565\u5728\u7ec4\u7ec7\u8bca\u65ad\u548c\u4f01\u4e1a\u6587\u5316\u8bc4\u4f30\u4e2d\u6781\u4e3a\u5e38\u89c1\uff0c\u4e5f\u6781\u5177\u8bef\u5bfc\u6027\u3002\u7ba1\u7406\u8005\u6216\u5916\u90e8\u76f8\u5173\u65b9\u5f80\u5f80\u901a\u8fc7\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u6307\u6807\u7a97\u53e3\u6765\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e00\u4e2a\u7ec4\u7ec7\u662f\u5426\u201c\u597d\u201d\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li>\u8d22\u52a1\u6d3e\u6307\u6807\uff08\u6307\u6807\uff1a\u51c0\u5229\u6da6\u3001\u589e\u957f\u7387\uff09\uff1a\u53ea\u8981\u8d5a\u94b1\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7ec4\u7ec7\u5c31\u662f\u201c\u4f1f\u5927\u201d\u7684\u3002\u5373\u4f7f\u5185\u90e8\u5145\u65a5\u7740\u653f\u6cbb\u6597\u4e89\u548c\u5458\u5de5\u9ad8\u538b\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u5fc3\u7406\u6d3e\u6307\u6807\uff08\u6307\u6807\uff1a\u5fc3\u7406\u5b89\u5168\u611f\u3001\u5458\u5de5\u5026\u6020\uff09\uff1a \u5373\u4f7f\u8d22\u52a1\u6570\u636e\u4eae\u773c\uff0c\u4f46\u5982\u679c\u5458\u5de5\u666e\u904d\u611f\u5230\u538b\u6291\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7ec4\u7ec7\u5c31\u662f\u201c\u7cdf\u7cd5\u201d\u7684\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u63a2\u7a76\u5efa\u8bae\uff1a\u771f\u6b63\u6709\u8da3\u7684\u7ec4\u7ec7\u62a5\u544a\u5e94\u8be5\u6311\u6218\u53d7\u4f17\u7684\u6307\u6807\u504f\u597d\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>3. \u6234\u7ef4\u65af\u7684\u8bba\u8ff0\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e00\u5242\u53cd\u6d17\u8111\u836f\u65b9\uff0c\u5f53\u4f60\u8bfb\u5230\u4e00\u7bc7\u201c\u6709\u8da3\u201d\u7684\u5206\u6790\u62a5\u544a\u65f6\uff0c\u5148\u95ee\uff1a\u4ed6\u9009\u62e9\u4e86\u54ea\u4e9b\u6307\u6807\uff1f\u4ed6\u6709\u610f\u5ffd\u7565\u4e86\u54ea\u4e9b\u6307\u6807\uff1f\u5728\u7ec4\u7ec7\u51b3\u7b56\u4e2d\uff0c\u8ffd\u6c42\u201c\u5168\u9762\u6027\u201d\u5f80\u5f80\u662f\u4e4f\u5473\u7684\uff0c\u4f46\u8ffd\u6c42\u201c\u5355\u4e00\u6307\u6807\u7684\u6781\u81f4\u201d\u5f80\u5f80\u662f\u5371\u9669\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p>The second way to control interest using evaluation is to change the standard against which the phenomenon is being compared.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5229\u7528\u8bc4\u4ef7\u6765\u63a7\u5236\u8da3\u5473\u6027\u7684\u7b2c\u4e8c\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u662f\u6539\u53d8\u8be5\u73b0\u8c61\u6240\u5bf9\u6bd4\u7684\u6807\u51c6\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5168\u6587\uff1aComparison baselines for a social phenomenon include (1) other social phenomena of the same logical type, (2) the same social phenomenon in the past (recent or distant), (3) future projections of the social phenomenon (short run or long run), and (4) some positive or negative ideal version of the social phenomenon. Thus if a social theorist wishes to counter his audience&#8217;s appraisal of American Society as great or as awful, he need merely compare it to (1) other societies (Sweden, Nazi Germany, etc.), (2) its past history (the &#8220;gay&#8221; nineties, the depression, etc.), (3) its potential futures (2001, 1984, etc.) or (4) some utopian or distopian society(Davis 1971, pp. 321-22).&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\uff1a\u793e\u4f1a\u73b0\u8c61\u7684\u5bf9\u6bd4\u57fa\u51c6\u5305\u62ec\uff1a\uff081\uff09\u540c\u4e00\u903b\u8f91\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u5176\u4ed6\u793e\u4f1a\u73b0\u8c61\uff1b\uff082\uff09\u8be5\u73b0\u8c61\u7684\u8fc7\u53bb\uff08\u8fd1\u671f\u6216\u8fdc\u671f\uff09\uff1b\uff083\uff09\u8be5\u73b0\u8c61\u7684\u672a\u6765\u9884\u6d4b\uff08\u77ed\u671f\u6216\u957f\u671f\uff09\uff1b\u4ee5\u53ca\uff084\uff09\u8be5\u73b0\u8c61\u7684\u67d0\u79cd\u6b63\u9762\u6216\u8d1f\u9762\u7684\u7406\u60f3\u7248\u672c\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4e00\u4f4d\u793e\u4f1a\u7406\u8bba\u5bb6\u60f3\u8981\u53cd\u9a73\u53d7\u4f17\u5bf9\u7f8e\u56fd\u793e\u4f1a\u201c\u4f1f\u5927\u201d\u6216\u201c\u7cdf\u7cd5\u201d\u7684\u8bc4\u4ef7\uff0c\u4ed6\u53ea\u9700\u5c06\u5176\u5bf9\u6bd4\u5bf9\u8c61\u66f4\u6362\u4e3a\uff1a\uff081\uff09\u5176\u4ed6\u793e\u4f1a\uff08\u5982\u745e\u5178\u3001\u7eb3\u7cb9\u5fb7\u56fd\u7b49\uff09\uff1b\uff082\uff09\u5176\u5386\u53f2\u8fc7\u53bb\uff08\u5982\u201c\u5feb\u4e50\u7684\u201d90\u5e74\u4ee3\u3001\u5927\u8427\u6761\u65f6\u671f\u7b49\uff09\uff1b\uff083\uff09\u5176\u6f5c\u5728\u7684\u672a\u6765\uff08\u5982\u300a2001\u592a\u7a7a\u6f2b\u6e38\u300b\u4e2d\u7684\u672a\u6765\u3001\u300a1984\u300b\u4e2d\u7684\u672a\u6765\u7b49\uff09\uff1b\u6216\uff084\uff09\u67d0\u79cd\u4e4c\u6258\u90a6\u6216\u53cd\u4e4c\u6258\u90a6\u793e\u4f1a\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\ud83d\udccc \u5b66\u4e60\u7b14\u8bb0<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u8fd9\u4e00\u6bb5\u843d\u63ed\u793a\u4e86\u63a7\u5236\u8bc4\u4ef7\u7684\u7b2c\u4e8c\u79cd\u6838\u5fc3\u7b56\u7565\uff1a\u53c2\u7167\u7cfb\u951a\u5b9a\u3002\u5982\u679c\u8bf4\u7b2c\u4e00\u79cd\u7b56\u7565\u662f\u6539\u53d8\u201c\u5c3a\u5b50\u4e0a\u7684\u523b\u5ea6\uff08\u6307\u6807\uff09\u201d\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u8fd9\u4e00\u79cd\u7b56\u7565\u5c31\u662f\u76f4\u63a5\u201c\u66f4\u6362\u5bf9\u6bd4\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\u201d\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u6539\u53d8\u57fa\u51c6\u7ebf\uff0c\u540c\u4e00\u4e2a\u73b0\u8c61\u7684\u8bc4\u4ef7\u53ef\u4ee5\u77ac\u95f4\u4ece\u201c\u5dc5\u5cf0\u201d\u5760\u5165\u201c\u8c37\u5e95\u201d\u3002<br>1. \u57fa\u51c6\u7ebf\u7684\u64cd\u7eb5\u529b\uff0c\u8bc4\u4ef7\u4e0d\u662f\u7edd\u5bf9\u7684\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u76f8\u5bf9\u7684\u3002\u6234\u7ef4\u65af\u603b\u7ed3\u4e86\u56db\u79cd\u79fb\u52a8\u57fa\u51c6\u7ebf\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li>\u6a2a\u5411\u5bf9\u6bd4\uff08\u7a7a\u95f4\uff09\uff1a\u4e0e\u540c\u7c7b\u7ade\u54c1\u5bf9\u6bd4\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u7eb5\u5411\u5bf9\u6bd4\uff08\u65f6\u95f4\uff09\uff1a \u4e0e\u5386\u53f2\u6216\u672a\u6765\u5bf9\u6bd4\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u613f\u666f\u5bf9\u6bd4\uff08\u7406\u60f3\uff09\uff1a \u4e0e\u201c\u5b8c\u7f8e\u72b6\u6001\u201d\u5bf9\u6bd4\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u7b56\u7565\u7684\u8ff7\u4eba\u4e4b\u5904\u5728\u4e8e\uff1a\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u6539\u53d8\u4efb\u4f55\u4e8b\u5b9e\uff0c\u53ea\u9700\u8981\u6539\u53d8\u53c2\u7167\u7cfb\uff0c\u5c31\u80fd\u8ba9\u53d7\u4f17\u4ea7\u751f\u5168\u65b0\u7684\u60c5\u7eea\u548c\u8ba4\u77e5\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>2. \u5728\u7ec4\u7ec7\u63a2\u7a76\u4e0e\u7ba1\u7406\u6c9f\u901a\u4e2d\uff0c\u57fa\u51c6\u7ebf\u7684\u9009\u62e9\u76f4\u63a5\u51b3\u5b9a\u4e86\u5458\u5de5\u7684\u58eb\u6c14\u3001\u80a1\u4e1c\u7684\u4fe1\u5fc3\u4ee5\u53ca\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7684\u81ea\u6211\u8ba4\u77e5\u3002\u7ba1\u7406\u8005\u5728\u505a\u5e74\u5ea6\u6c47\u62a5\u65f6\uff0c\u4f1a\u6839\u636e\u60f3\u8981\u4f20\u8fbe\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u9009\u62e9\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u57fa\u51c6\u8fdb\u884c\u5bf9\u6bd4\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li>\u4e3a\u4e86\u663e\u5f97\u201c\u4f1f\u5927\u201d\uff08\u5411\u4e0a\u951a\u5b9a\uff09\uff1a\u4e0e\u53bb\u5e74\uff08\u5386\u53f2\u57fa\u51c6\uff09\u5bf9\u6bd4\u3002\u5373\u4f7f\u4eca\u5e74\u8868\u73b0\u4e00\u822c\uff0c\u4f46\u53ea\u8981\u6bd4\u53bb\u5e74\u597d\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u80dc\u5229\u3002<br><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u4e3a\u4e86\u5236\u9020\u201c\u5371\u673a\u611f\u201d\uff08\u5411\u4e0b\u951a\u5b9a\uff09\uff1a \u4e0e\u884c\u4e1a\u6807\u6746\uff08\u6a2a\u5411\u57fa\u51c6\uff09\u5bf9\u6bd4\u3002\u5373\u4f7f\u516c\u53f8\u5728\u589e\u957f\uff0c\u4f46\u53ea\u8981\u589e\u901f\u4f4e\u4e8e\u7ade\u4e89\u5bf9\u624b\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u5931\u8d25\u3002<br><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u4e3a\u4e86\u63a8\u52a8\u201c\u53d8\u9769\u201d\uff08\u7406\u60f3\u57fa\u51c6\uff09\uff1a \u4e0e\u201c\u6570\u5b57\u5316\u8f6c\u578b\u7684\u7406\u60f3\u6a21\u578b\u201d\u5bf9\u6bd4\u3002\u6307\u51fa\u5f53\u4e0b\u7684\u73b0\u5b9e\u4e0e\u7406\u60f3\u7684\u5de8\u5927\u9e3f\u6c9f\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u8bba\u8bc1\u73b0\u72b6\u662f\u201c\u7cdf\u7cd5\u201d\u7684\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>3. \u6234\u7ef4\u65af\u7684\u8bba\u8ff0\u7ed9\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u8b66\u793a\u662f\uff1a\u6240\u6709\u7684\u8bc4\u4ef7\u90fd\u662f\u201c\u6709\u504f\u201d\u7684\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u57fa\u51c6\u7ebf\u7684\u9009\u62e9\u5f80\u5f80\u5e26\u6709\u7279\u6b8a\u76ee\u7684\u3002\u4e00\u4e2a\u9876\u5c16\u7684\u5206\u6790\u8005\uff0c\u4f1a\u901a\u8fc7\u4e0d\u65ad\u5207\u6362\u53c2\u7167\u7cfb\uff0c\u8feb\u4f7f\u53d7\u4f17\u4ece\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u5c3a\u5ea6\u53bb\u5ba1\u89c6\u540c\u4e00\u4e2a\u73b0\u5b9e\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u53d1\u73b0\u90a3\u4e9b\u88ab\u5355\u4e00\u57fa\u51c6\u63a9\u76d6\u7684\u771f\u7406\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p>\u539f\u6587\uff1aAdjustments of indicators and baselines are common among theorists and practicing managers alike. When one experiences the sensation of hearing an interesting assertion, and when that interest seemingly is tied to an unexpected difference in evaluation, the listener would be well advised first to discount the sensation by so much as it has been inflated by selective use of indicators and baselines; then, having removed these confounds, the listener should see what remains as the core of the interesting suggestion. When someone starts out with the assertion that we&#8217;ve been doing everything wrong (i.e., what we thought was good is bad), be attentive to what the person does not say and what the person omits as plausible indicators and plausible comparisons.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\uff1a\u65e0\u8bba\u662f\u7406\u8bba\u5bb6\u8fd8\u662f\u5b9e\u6218\u4e2d\u7684\u7ba1\u7406\u8005\uff0c\u8c03\u8282\u6307\u6807\u4e0e\u57fa\u51c6\u7ebf\u90fd\u662f\u5176\u5e38\u7528\u624b\u6bb5\u3002\u5f53\u4f60\u542c\u5230\u4e00\u4e2a\u6709\u8da3\u7684\u65ad\u8a00\uff0c\u4e14\u8fd9\u79cd\u8da3\u5473\u6027\u663e\u7136\u6e90\u4e8e\u67d0\u79cd\u51fa\u4eba\u610f\u6599\u7684\u8bc4\u4ef7\u5dee\u5f02\u65f6\uff0c\u542c\u4f17\u6700\u597d\u5148\u8fdb\u884c\u201c\u8ba4\u77e5\u8131\u654f\u201d\uff1a\u901a\u8fc7\u8bc6\u522b\u90a3\u4e9b\u88ab\u9009\u62e9\u6027\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u6307\u6807\u548c\u57fa\u51c6\uff0c\u5c06\u7531\u6b64\u81a8\u80c0\u7684\u611f\u5b98\u523a\u6fc0\u5254\u9664\u3002\u5728\u79fb\u9664\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5e72\u6270\u56e0\u7d20\u540e\uff0c\u542c\u4f17\u5e94\u5ba1\u89c6\u5269\u4e0b\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u662f\u5426\u4f9d\u7136\u6784\u6210\u4e86\u8be5\u5efa\u8bae\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u4ef7\u503c\u3002\u5f53\u6709\u4eba\u58f0\u79f0\u201c\u6211\u4eec\u4e00\u76f4\u4ee5\u6765\u90fd\u505a\u9519\u4e86\u201d\uff08\u5373\uff1a\u6211\u4eec\u8ba4\u4e3a\u597d\u7684\u5176\u5b9e\u662f\u574f\u7684\uff09\u65f6\uff0c\u8bf7\u52a1\u5fc5\u5173\u6ce8\u6b64\u4eba\u6ca1\u6709\u8bf4\u51fa\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u4ed6\u6240\u5ffd\u7565\u7684\u90a3\u4e9b\u540c\u6837\u5408\u7406\u7684\u6307\u6807\u4e0e\u5bf9\u6bd4\u57fa\u51c6\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\ud83d\udccc \u5b66\u4e60\u7b14\u8bb0<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u8fd9\u6bb5\u6587\u5b57\u8b66\u544a\u6211\u4eec\uff0c\u5f53\u4e00\u4e2a\u89c2\u70b9\uff08\u65e0\u8bba\u662f\u5b66\u672f\u7406\u8bba\u8fd8\u662f\u7ba1\u7406\u63d0\u6848\uff09\u56e0\u5176\u201c\u53cd\u76f4\u89c9\u7684\u8bc4\u4ef7\u201d\u800c\u663e\u5f97\u683c\u5916\u8ff7\u4eba\u65f6\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5fc5\u987b\u4fdd\u6301\u8b66\u60d5\uff0c\u5265\u79bb\u5176\u4e2d\u7684\u6307\u6807\u64cd\u7eb5\u4e0e\u57fa\u51c6\u8bef\u5bfc\u3002\u5728\u7ec4\u7ec7\u53d8\u9769\u548c\u7ba1\u7406\u54a8\u8be2\u4e2d\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u5206\u6790\u80fd\u529b\u80fd\u5e2e\u4f60\u8bc6\u522b\u201c\u771f\u77e5\u707c\u89c1\u201d\u4e0e\u201c\u7ba1\u7406\u5ffd\u60a0\u201d\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li>\u89e3\u6784\u201c\u98a0\u8986\u5f0f\u7ba1\u7406\u201d\u547d\u9898\u6848\u4f8b\uff1a \u201c\u4f20\u7edf\u7684 KPI \u6b63\u5728\u6740\u6b7b\u4f60\u7684\u516c\u53f8\uff01\u201d<br><br>a\u8be5\u63d0\u51fa\u8005\u53ef\u80fd\u53ea\u5173\u6ce8\u4e86\u201c\u5458\u5de5\u538b\u529b\u201d\u548c\u201c\u77ed\u671f\u4f5c\u5047\u201d\u6307\u6807\u3002\u4f60\u8981\u8865\u5168\u88ab\u4ed6\u5ffd\u7565\u7684\u6307\u6807\uff0c\u5982\u201c\u76ee\u6807\u5bf9\u9f50\u5ea6\u201d\u548c\u201c\u8d44\u6e90\u5206\u914d\u6548\u7387\u201d\u3002<br>b \u5f15\u5165\u57fa\u51c6\u5ba1\u67e5\uff0c\u63d0\u51fa\u8005\u53ef\u80fd\u5bf9\u6bd4\u7684\u662f\u201c\u7406\u60f3\u7684\u81ea\u7ec4\u7ec7\u5f62\u6001\u201d\u3002\u4f60\u8981\u5f15\u5165\u201c\u6df7\u4e71\u7684\u65e0\u653f\u5e9c\u72b6\u6001\u201d\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5bf9\u6bd4\u57fa\u51c6\u3002c \u5265\u79bb\u5938\u5927\u7684\u4fee\u8f9e\u540e\uff0c\u6838\u5fc3\u4ef7\u503c\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u201c\u6211\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u66f4\u7075\u6d3b\u7684\u6307\u6807\u5e73\u8861\u201d\uff0c\u800c\u975e\u5168\u76d8\u5426\u5b9a KPI\u3002<br><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u5e94\u5bf9\u201c\u6211\u4eec\u4e00\u76f4\u90fd\u505a\u9519\u4e86\u201d\u7684\u6539\u9769\u6d3e\uff0c\u5f53\u65b0\u9886\u5bfc\u6216\u54a8\u8be2\u987e\u95ee\u5165\u9a7b\u5e76\u5ba3\u5e03\u8fc7\u53bb\u7684\u4e00\u5207\u90fd\u662f\u201c\u574f\u7684\u201d\u65f6\uff0c\u4f5c\u4e3a\u7ec4\u7ec7\u63a2\u7a76\u8005\uff0c\u5e94\u91c7\u53d6\u4ee5\u4e0b\u9632\u5fa1\u6027\u601d\u8003\uff1a<br><br>a \u4ed6\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u9009\u62e9\u8fd9\u4e2a\u57fa\u51c6\uff1f\uff08\u4ed6\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u901a\u8fc7\u5426\u5b9a\u8fc7\u53bb\u6765\u5efa\u7acb\u4e2a\u4eba\u6743\u5a01\u5417\uff1f\uff09\u00a0<br>b \u4ed6\u5ffd\u7565\u4e86\u54ea\u4e9b\u6210\u529f\u7684\u6307\u6807\uff1f\uff08\u8fc7\u53bb\u7684\u6210\u529f\u6307\u6807\u867d\u7136\u8001\u65e7\uff0c\u4f46\u5b83\u4eec\u662f\u5426\u4f9d\u7136\u662f\u652f\u6491\u7ec4\u7ec7\u751f\u5b58\u7684\u73b0\u91d1\u6d41\u6765\u6e90\uff1f\uff09<br>c \u4ec0\u4e48\u662f\u6838\u5fc3\uff0c\u4ec0\u4e48\u662f\u566a\u97f3\uff1f\uff08\u5254\u9664\u60c5\u7eea\u5316\u7684\u8d2c\u4f4e\uff0c\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u75db\u70b9\u5728\u54ea\u91cc\uff1f\uff09<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p>\u539f\u6587\uff1aAnd that certainly holds true for evaluating the assertions made in this book. I will repeatedly highlight instances where what seems good is bad (managers disrupt controls, they don&#8217;t impose them) and where what seems bad is good (chaos preserves adaptability). These assertions can be interesting because they deny background assumptions, but they accomplish this denial by relying on indicators and comparisons that not everyone attends to regularly.The reader may agree or disagree with my choices of indicators and comparisons, but the reader should be aware that I have made choices and that it is those choices in part that make these assertions interesting. I&#8217;m not unique in doing this, however. Any piece of social science that has any bearing whatsoever on accepted values will invariably provoke judgments of interest, irrelevance, obviousness, or absurdity, depending on the values it connects with and the strength with which they are held. Evaluation, like other categories we&#8217;ve reviewed, is a pervasive ground for judgments of interest.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\uff1a\u4e0a\u8ff0\u903b\u8f91\u540c\u6837\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u8bc4\u4ef7\u672c\u4e66\u4e2d\u7684\u65ad\u8a00\u3002\u6211\u4f1a\u53cd\u590d\u5f3a\u8c03\u90a3\u4e9b\u201c\u597d\u53d8\u574f\u201d\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a\u7ba1\u7406\u8005\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u662f\u5728\u7834\u574f\u63a7\u5236\uff0c\u800c\u975e\u65bd\u52a0\u63a7\u5236\uff09\u4ee5\u53ca\u201c\u574f\u53d8\u597d\u201d\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a\u6df7\u4e71\u7ef4\u6301\u4e86\u9002\u5e94\u6027\uff09\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u65ad\u8a00\u4e4b\u6240\u4ee5\u6709\u8da3\uff0c\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u4eec\u5426\u5b9a\u4e86\u80cc\u666f\u5047\u8bbe\uff1b\u4f46\u5b83\u4eec\u4e4b\u6240\u4ee5\u80fd\u5b9e\u73b0\u8fd9\u79cd\u5426\u5b9a\uff0c\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u4f9d\u9760\u4e86\u90a3\u4e9b\u5e76\u975e\u4eba\u4eba\u90fd\u4f1a\u7ecf\u5e38\u5173\u6ce8\u7684\u6307\u6807\u548c\u5bf9\u6bd4\u57fa\u51c6\u3002\u8bfb\u8005\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u8d5e\u540c\u6216\u53cd\u5bf9\u6211\u5bf9\u6307\u6807\u548c\u57fa\u51c6\u7684\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u4f46\u5e94\u5f53\u610f\u8bc6\u5230\uff0c\u6211\u5df2\u7ecf\u505a\u51fa\u4e86\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u6b63\u662f\u8fd9\u4e9b\u9009\u62e9\u5728\u5f88\u5927\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\u8ba9\u8fd9\u4e9b\u65ad\u8a00\u53d8\u5f97\u6709\u8da3\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u6211\u5e76\u975e\u552f\u4e00\u8fd9\u6837\u505a\u7684\u4eba\u3002\u4efb\u4f55\u53ea\u8981\u89e6\u53ca\u516c\u8ba4\u4ef7\u503c\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u79d1\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u90fd\u4e0d\u53ef\u907f\u514d\u5730\u4f1a\u6fc0\u53d1\u51fa\u201c\u6709\u8da3\u201d\u3001\u201c\u65e0\u5173\u201d\u3001\u201c\u663e\u800c\u6613\u89c1\u201d\u6216\u201c\u8352\u8c2c\u201d\u7684\u5224\u65ad\uff0c\u8fd9\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u8be5\u7814\u7a76\u5173\u8054\u7684\u4ef7\u503c\u53d6\u5411\u53ca\u5176\u88ab\u6301\u6709\u7684\u5f3a\u5ea6\u3002\u8bc4\u4ef7\uff0c\u6b63\u5982\u6211\u4eec\u56de\u987e\u8fc7\u7684\u5176\u4ed6\u8303\u7574\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u662f\u4ea7\u751f\u201c\u8da3\u5473\u6027\u201d\u5224\u65ad\u7684\u666e\u904d\u57fa\u7840\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\ud83d\udccc \u5b66\u4e60\u7b14\u8bb0<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u8fd9\u6bb5\u6587\u5b57\u4e2d\uff0c\u4f5c\u8005\u8bda\u5b9e\u5730\u63ed\u793a\u4e86\u81ea\u5df1\u4f5c\u4e3a\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u7684\u201c\u64cd\u7eb5\u624b\u6bb5\u201d\uff1a\u6240\u6709\u7684\u6df1\u523b\u89c1\u89e3\uff0c\u672c\u8d28\u4e0a\u90fd\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u57fa\u4e8e\u7279\u5b9a\u6307\u6807\u548c\u53c2\u7167\u7cfb\u7684\u89c6\u89d2\u9009\u62e9\u3002<br>1. \u4f5c\u8005\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\u62c6\u89e3\u4e86\u4e24\u4e2a\u6781\u5177\u51b2\u51fb\u529b\u7684\u7ba1\u7406\u5b66\u6096\u8bba\uff0c\u5c55\u793a\u4e86\u5982\u4f55\u901a\u8fc7\u201c\u6307\u6807\u4f4d\u79fb\u201d\u5236\u9020\u6d1e\u5bdf\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li>\u6848\u4f8b\u4e00\uff1a\u7ba1\u7406\u8005\u662f\u201c\u63a7\u5236\u7684\u7834\u574f\u8005\u201d<br>\u80cc\u666f\u5047\u8bbe\uff08\u597d\uff09\uff1a\u7ba1\u7406\u8005\u901a\u8fc7\u5236\u5ea6\u548c\u6d41\u7a0b\u65bd\u52a0\u63a7\u5236\uff0c\u7ef4\u6301\u79e9\u5e8f\u3002<br>\u4f5c\u8005\u9009\u62e9\u7684\u65b0\u6307\u6807\uff1a \u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u7075\u6d3b\u6027\u6216\u975e\u6b63\u5f0f\u6c9f\u901a\u7684\u6d41\u52a8\u6027\u3002<br>\u903b\u8f91\u53cd\u8f6c\uff1a\u5f53\u7ba1\u7406\u8005\u4e3a\u4e86\u89e3\u51b3\u7d27\u6025\u95ee\u9898\u800c\u201c\u7279\u4e8b\u7279\u529e\u201d\u6216\u8d8a\u7ea7\u6307\u6325\u65f6\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u5728\u7834\u574f\u9884\u8bbe\u7684\u63a7\u5236\u7cfb\u7edf\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u201c\u7834\u574f\u201d\u6709\u65f6\u662f\u7ec4\u7ec7\u751f\u5b58\u6240\u5fc5\u9700\u7684\u3002<br><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u6848\u4f8b\u4e8c\uff1a\u6df7\u4e71\u7ef4\u6301\u201c\u9002\u5e94\u6027\u201d<br>\u80cc\u666f\u5047\u8bbe\uff08\u574f\uff09\uff1a\u6df7\u4e71\u5bfc\u81f4\u4f4e\u6548\u3001\u8ff7\u5931\u548c\u5931\u8d25\u3002<br>\u4f5c\u8005\u9009\u62e9\u7684\u65b0\u6307\u6807\uff1a \u6f14\u5316\u6f5c\u529b\u6216\u53d8\u5f02\u7387\u3002<br>\u903b\u8f91\u53cd\u8f6c\uff1a\u5728\u6781\u5ea6\u786e\u5b9a\u7684\u79e9\u5e8f\u4e2d\uff0c\u7ec4\u7ec7\u4f1a\u5931\u53bb\u5e94\u5bf9\u7a81\u53d1\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u5316\u7684\u80fd\u529b\uff1b\u800c\u9002\u5ea6\u7684\u6df7\u4e71\uff08\u591a\u6837\u6027\u7684\u5c1d\u8bd5\uff09\u80fd\u8ba9\u7ec4\u7ec7\u5728\u5371\u673a\u65f6\u523b\u6709\u66f4\u591a\u201c\u5907\u9009\u9879\u201d\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>2. \u542f\u793a\uff1a\u4ece\u201c\u6d88\u8d39\u8005\u201d\u53d8\u4e3a\u201c\u521b\u4f5c\u8005\u201d\uff0c\u4f5c\u4e3a\u7ec4\u7ec7\u793e\u4f1a\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u7684\u5b66\u4e60\u8005\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u8fd9\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u7684\u5b66\u4e60\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5e94\u8be5\u638c\u63e1\u4e86\u4ece\u201c\u6d88\u8d39\u8005\u201d\u8f6c\u53d8\u4e3a\u201c\u521b\u4f5c\u8005\u201d\u7684\u5bc6\u7801\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li>\u89c2\u5bdf\u5e38\u8bc6\uff1a \u627e\u5230\u5927\u5bb6\u90fd\u5728\u70b9\u5934\u79f0\u8d5e\u7684\u201c\u597d\u4e1c\u897f\u201d\uff08\u5982\uff1a\u654f\u6377\u5f00\u53d1\u3001\u6241\u5e73\u5316\uff09\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u5bfb\u627e\u9690\u6027\u6307\u6807\uff1a \u95ee\u81ea\u5df1\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e1c\u897f\u5728\u54ea\u4e2a\u7ef4\u5ea6\u4e0a\u5176\u5b9e\u4ea7\u751f\u4e86\u7cdf\u7cd5\u7684\u540e\u679c\uff1f\uff08\u5982\uff1a\u5b83\u662f\u5426\u5265\u593a\u4e86\u5458\u5de5\u7684\u6df1\u601d\u65f6\u95f4\uff1f\uff09\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u8bbe\u5b9a\u5bf9\u6bd4\u57fa\u51c6\uff1a \u5982\u679c\u8ddf\u4e00\u4e2a\u201c\u6df1\u601d\u719f\u8651\u7684\u6162\u901f\u7cfb\u7edf\u201d\u76f8\u6bd4\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u201c\u597d\u4e1c\u897f\u201d\u662f\u4e0d\u662f\u663e\u5f97\u5f88\u7c97\u7cd9\uff1f<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u629b\u51fa\u65ad\u8a00\uff1a \u201c\u654f\u6377\u5f00\u53d1\u6b63\u5728\u6467\u6bc1\u4f60\u4eec\u516c\u53f8\u7684\u6df1\u5ea6\u521b\u65b0\u80fd\u529b\u3002\u201d<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>3. \u201c\u6709\u8da3\u201d\u4e0d\u662f\u771f\u7406\u7684\u7ec8\u70b9\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u5bf9\u8bdd\u7684\u8d77\u70b9\u3002 \u771f\u6b63\u7684\u667a\u6167\u5728\u4e8e\uff0c\u65e2\u80fd\u5229\u7528\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7b56\u7565\u53bb\u542f\u53d1\u4ed6\u4eba\uff0c\u53c8\u80fd\u65f6\u523b\u4fdd\u6301\u6e05\u9192\uff0c\u4e0d\u88ab\u4ed6\u4eba\u5e26\u79bb\u7406\u6027\u7684\u822a\u7ebf\u3002\u8bc4\u4ef7\u662f\u6d41\u52a8\u7684\u3002\u6240\u6709\u7684\u7ec4\u7ec7\u8bca\u65ad\uff0c\u672c\u8d28\u4e0a\u90fd\u662f\u5728\u4e0d\u540c\u6307\u6807\u548c\u57fa\u51c6\u4e4b\u95f4\u8fdb\u884c\u7684\u4ef7\u503c\u6743\u8861\u3002\u7406\u89e3\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e00\u70b9\uff0c\u4f60\u5c31\u7406\u89e3\u4e86\u7ba1\u7406\u7684\u590d\u6742\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\uff08\u4e0b\u4e00\u671f\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u7ee7\u7eed\u5b66\u4e60\uff09<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u63a5\u4e0a\u671f\uff1a\u300a\u7ec4\u7ec7\u793e\u4f1a\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u300b\u5b66\u4e60\u7b14\u8bb0 055 EVALUATION \u8bc4\u4ef7 \u539f\u6587\uff1aWhat seems to be &hellip; <\/p>\n<p class=\"link-more\"><a href=\"https:\/\/mooda.com.cn\/?page_id=1584\" class=\"more-link\">\u7ee7\u7eed\u9605\u8bfb<span class=\"screen-reader-text\">\u201c\u300a\u7ec4\u7ec7\u793e\u4f1a\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u300b\u5b66\u4e60\u7b14\u8bb0 056\u201d<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/mooda.com.cn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1584"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/mooda.com.cn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/mooda.com.cn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mooda.com.cn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mooda.com.cn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=1584"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/mooda.com.cn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1584\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1586,"href":"https:\/\/mooda.com.cn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1584\/revisions\/1586"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/mooda.com.cn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=1584"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}