{"id":1569,"date":"2026-07-20T14:25:59","date_gmt":"2026-07-20T06:25:59","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/mooda.com.cn\/?page_id=1569"},"modified":"2026-07-20T14:25:59","modified_gmt":"2026-07-20T06:25:59","slug":"%e3%80%8a%e7%bb%84%e7%bb%87%e7%a4%be%e4%bc%9a%e5%bf%83%e7%90%86%e5%ad%a6%e3%80%8b%e5%ad%a6%e4%b9%a0%e7%ac%94%e8%ae%b0-053","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/mooda.com.cn\/?page_id=1569","title":{"rendered":"\u300a\u7ec4\u7ec7\u793e\u4f1a\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u300b\u5b66\u4e60\u7b14\u8bb0 053"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><em>\u63a5\u4e0a\u671f\uff1a<\/em><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/mp.weixin.qq.com\/s?__biz=MzI5MjIxMzQxMA==&amp;mid=2247493379&amp;idx=1&amp;sn=68689c6e8e96aba16f9a7452330a31ac&amp;scene=21#wechat_redirect\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><em>\u300a\u7ec4\u7ec7\u793e\u4f1a\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u300b\u5b66\u4e60\u7b14\u8bb0 052<\/em><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>FUNCTION<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u529f\u80fd<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u539f\u6587\uff1aThe assumption here is that what seems to be a phenomenon that functions ineffectively as a means to attain an end is in fact a phenomenon that functions effectively. Again, the reverse of this assumption is also included in this category.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\uff1a\u6b64\u5904\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u5047\u8bbe\u662f\uff1a\u67d0\u79cd\u73b0\u8c61\u5728\u8868\u9762\u4e0a\u770b\u6765\u662f\u8fbe\u6210\u76ee\u6807\u7684\u4f4e\u6548\u624b\u6bb5\uff0c\u4f46\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u5374\u80fd\u6709\u6548\u5730\u53d1\u6325\u4f5c\u7528\u3002\u540c\u6837\u5730\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e00\u5047\u8bbe\u7684\u53cd\u5411\u60c5\u51b5\uff08\u5373\u8868\u9762\u9ad8\u6548\u3001\u5b9e\u5219\u4f4e\u6548\uff09\u4e5f\u88ab\u5305\u542b\u5728\u8fd9\u4e00\u8303\u7574\u4e4b\u5185\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\ud83d\udccc \u5b66\u4e60\u7b14\u8bb0<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u8fd9\u4e00\u6bb5\u843d\u63a2\u8ba8\u4e86\u793e\u4f1a\u79d1\u5b66\u53ca\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\u5173\u4e8e\u529f\u80fd\u7684\u8fa9\u8bc1\u601d\u7ef4\u3002<br>1. \u5b83\u6311\u6218\u4e86\u8868\u8c61\u4e0e\u5b9e\u8d28\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5bf9\u7b49\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u6838\u5fc3\u903b\u8f91\u5728\u4e8e\uff1a\u770b\u4f3c\u65e0\u6548\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u53ef\u80fd\u5728\u6df1\u5c42\u662f\u9ad8\u6548\u7684\uff0c\u800c\u770b\u4f3c\u9ad8\u6548\u7684\u5236\u5ea6\u5728\u5b9e\u9645\u8fd0\u4f5c\u4e2d\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u5931\u6548\u7684\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u547d\u9898\u53cd\u6620\u4e86\u793e\u4f1a\u5b66\u4e2d\u663e\u6027\u529f\u80fd\u4e0e\u9690\u5f62\u529f\u80fd\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5f20\u529b\uff0c\u663e\u6027\u529f\u80fd\u6307\u5373\u88ab\u5b98\u65b9\u8bbe\u8ba1\u51fa\u6765\u7684\u76ee\u7684\uff0c\u9690\u5f62\u529f\u80fd\u6307\u4e8b\u7269\u5728\u5b9e\u9645\u8fd0\u884c\u4e2d\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u3001\u5f80\u5f80\u672a\u88ab\u9884\u89c1\u6216\u672a\u88ab\u627f\u8ba4\u7684\u5b9e\u9645\u6548\u679c\u3002<br>2. \u5728\u7ec4\u7ec7\u63a2\u7a76\u4e2d\uff0c\u6709\u54ea\u4e9b\u201c\u770b\u4f3c\u4f4e\u6548\uff0c\u5b9e\u5219\u9ad8\u6548\u201d\u7684\u73b0\u8c61\uff1f<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li>\u7ec4\u7ec7\u5185\u7684\u201c\u95f2\u804a\u201d\u4e0e\u975e\u6b63\u5f0f\u6c9f\u901a\uff1a\u4eceKPI\u6216\u4ea7\u51fa\u89d2\u5ea6\u770b\uff0c\u5458\u5de5\u5728\u8d70\u5eca\u95f2\u804a\u662f\u6d6a\u8d39\u65f6\u95f4\uff08\u4f4e\u6548\u624b\u6bb5\uff09\u3002\u4f46\u5728\u7ec4\u7ec7\u793e\u4f1a\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u770b\u6765\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u5efa\u7acb\u5fc3\u7406\u5b89\u5168\u611f\u3001\u4f20\u64ad\u975e\u6b63\u5f0f\u4fe1\u606f\u3001\u89e3\u51b3\u6b63\u5f0f\u6e20\u9053\u65e0\u6cd5\u5904\u7406\u7684\u51b2\u7a81\u7684\u9ad8\u6548\u624b\u6bb5\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u5197\u957f\u7684\u4f1a\u8bae\u4e0e\u4eea\u5f0f\uff1a \u8bb8\u591a\u51b3\u7b56\u4f1a\u8bae\u5728\u89e3\u51b3\u5b9e\u9645\u95ee\u9898\u4e0a\u6548\u7387\u6781\u4f4e\u3002\u4f46\u5176\u9690\u6027\u529f\u80fd\u5728\u4e8e\u5efa\u7acb\u5171\u8bc6\u3001\u5c65\u884c\u7a0b\u5e8f\u6b63\u4e49\u3001\u4ee5\u53ca\u5f3a\u5316\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7684\u7b49\u7ea7\u5e8f\u5217\u6216\u96c6\u4f53\u5f52\u5c5e\u611f\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u7ec4\u7ec7\u5197\u4f59\uff1a \u8868\u9762\u4e0a\u770b\uff0c\u95f2\u7f6e\u7684\u8d44\u6e90\u548c\u4eba\u529b\u662f\u6d6a\u8d39\uff0c\u4f46\u5728\u9762\u4e34\u7a81\u53d1\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u9769\u65f6\uff0c\u5b83\u662f\u7ec4\u7ec7\u5b9e\u73b0\u9002\u5e94\u6027\u8df3\u8dc3\u7684\u5fc5\u8981\u7f13\u51b2\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>3. \u4e0e\u4e4b\u76f8\u53cd\uff0c\u6709\u54ea\u4e9b\u201c\u770b\u4f3c\u9ad8\u6548\uff0c\u5b9e\u5219\u4f4e\u6548\u201d\u7684\u73b0\u8c61\uff1f<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li>\u8fc7\u5ea6\u4e25\u683c\u7684KPI\u8003\u6838\uff1a \u8bbe\u8ba1\u521d\u8877\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u901a\u8fc7\u7cbe\u5bc6\u6d4b\u91cf\u63d0\u9ad8\u6548\u7387\uff08\u8868\u9762\u9ad8\u6548\uff09\u3002\u4f46\u7531\u4e8e\u53e4\u5fb7\u54c8\u7279\u5b9a\u5f8b\u2014\u2014\u201c\u5f53\u4e00\u4e2a\u6307\u6807\u53d8\u6210\u76ee\u6807\u65f6\uff0c\u5b83\u5c31\u4e0d\u518d\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u597d\u6307\u6807\u4e86\u201d\u2014\u2014\u5458\u5de5\u4f1a\u4e3a\u4e86\u6307\u6807\u800c\u635f\u5bb3\u957f\u671f\u5229\u76ca\uff0c\u5bfc\u81f4\u7ec4\u7ec7\u6574\u4f53\u529f\u80fd\u7684\u5d29\u6e83\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u9ad8\u5ea6\u6807\u51c6\u5316\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u6d41\u7a0b\uff1a\u65e8\u5728\u6d88\u9664\u4eba\u4e3a\u8bef\u5dee\u3001\u63d0\u5347\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\u3002\u4f46\u5728\u590d\u6742\u591a\u53d8\u7684\u7ec4\u7ec7\u5fc3\u7406\u73af\u5883\u4e0b\uff0c\u8fc7\u5ea6\u7684\u6807\u51c6\u5316\u4f1a\u627c\u6740\u5458\u5de5\u7684\u4e3b\u52a8\u6027\uff0c\u5bfc\u81f4\u7ec4\u7ec7\u5728\u5904\u7406\u975e\u6807\u5f02\u5e38\u65f6\u5f7b\u5e95\u762b\u75ea\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>4. \u7ec4\u7ec7\u8bca\u65ad\u4e2d\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u89c6\u89d2\uff0c\u7ba1\u7406\u8005\u548c\u54a8\u8be2\u5e08\u5e38\u72af\u7684\u9519\u8bef\u662f\u201c\u5934\u75db\u533b\u5934\u201d\u3002\u5982\u679c\u770b\u5230\u4e00\u4e2a\u73b0\u8c61\u201c\u4e0d\u7b26\u5408\u6548\u7387\u903b\u8f91\u201d\uff0c\u4f20\u7edf\u7684\u53cd\u5e94\u662f\u6d88\u706d\u5b83\u3002\u800c\u5982\u679c\u4ece\u7ec4\u7ec7\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u89c6\u89d2\u770b\uff0c\u5728\u6d88\u706d\u4e00\u4e2a\u770b\u4f3c\u4f4e\u6548\u7684\u73b0\u8c61\uff08\u5982\u770b\u4f3c\u65e0\u610f\u4e49\u7684\u793e\u4ea4\u793c\u4eea\uff09\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u5fc5\u987b\u8bc6\u522b\u5b83\u662f\u5426\u6b63\u5728\u627f\u62c5\u67d0\u79cd\u7ef4\u6301\u7ec4\u7ec7\u5fc3\u7406\u5e73\u8861\u7684\u9690\u6027\u9ad8\u6548\u529f\u80fd\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p>\u539f\u6587\uff1aThe assumption that long meetings accomplish nothing is a good illustration for this category. Evidence suggests that during long meetings where nothing much seems to get done on the manifest agenda, a great deal of information is in fact being exchanged, and members are learning more about each other and how to accommodate to each other&#8217;s idiosyncratic styles; this learning improves meeting productivity over the long run. Something that was assumed to be dysfunctional turns out to be functional, and that&#8217;s interesting.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\uff1a\u201c\u8ba4\u4e3a\u957f\u65f6\u95f4\u7684\u4f1a\u8bae\u4e00\u4e8b\u65e0\u6210\u201d\u8fd9\u4e00\u5047\u8bbe\u662f\u8be5\u8303\u7574\uff08\u529f\u80fd\u53cd\u8f6c\uff09\u7684\u6781\u4f73\u4f8b\u8bc1\u3002\u6709\u8bc1\u636e\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u5728\u90a3\u4e9b\u663e\u6027\u8bae\u7a0b\u770b\u4f3c\u6beb\u65e0\u8fdb\u5c55\u7684\u957f\u4f1a\u4e2d\uff0c\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u53d1\u751f\u4e86\u5927\u91cf\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u4ea4\u6362\uff1b\u6210\u5458\u4eec\u6b63\u5728\u66f4\u6df1\u5165\u5730\u4e86\u89e3\u5f7c\u6b64\uff0c\u5e76\u5b66\u4e60\u5982\u4f55\u9002\u5e94\u5bf9\u65b9\u72ec\u7279\u7684\u98ce\u683c\u3002\u4ece\u957f\u8fdc\u6765\u770b\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u5b66\u4e60\u63d0\u5347\u4e86\u4f1a\u8bae\u7684\u751f\u4ea7\u529b\u3002\u539f\u672c\u88ab\u5047\u5b9a\u4e3a\u529f\u80fd\u5931\u8c03\u7684\u4e8b\u7269\uff0c\u7ed3\u679c\u5374\u88ab\u8bc1\u660e\u662f\u6709\u6548\u7684\uff0c\u8fd9\u5c31\u662f\u5176\u8da3\u5473\u6027\u6240\u5728\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\ud83d\udccc \u5b66\u4e60\u7b14\u8bb0<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u8fd9\u6bb5\u6587\u5b57\u4ee5\u201c\u5197\u957f\u7684\u201d\u4f1a\u8bae\u201c\u6ca1\u7528\u201d\u4e3a\u4f8b\u6765\u8bf4\u660e\u529f\u80fd\u8fd9\u4e00\u8303\u7574\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u63ed\u793a\u8fd9\u79cd\u4f1a\u8bae\u9690\u85cf\u7684\u957f\u6548\u4ef7\u503c\uff0c\u5b8c\u6210\u4e86\u4e00\u6b21\u6559\u79d1\u4e66\u5f0f\u7684\u8ba4\u77e5\u53cd\u8f6c\u3002<br>1. \u663e\u6027\u8bae\u7a0b\u4e0e\u9690\u6027\u8bae\u7a0b<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li>\u4e00\u822c\u8ba4\u4e3a\u7684\u4f1a\u8bae\u8bae\u7a0b\u5c31\u662f\u54ea\u4e9b\u6253\u5370\u5728\u7eb8\u4e0a\u7684\u4f1a\u8bae\u76ee\u6807\u3002\u5982\u679c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u76ee\u6807\u6ca1\u8fbe\u6210\uff0c\u4eba\u4eec\u76f4\u89c9\u4e0a\u4f1a\u5224\u5b9a\u4f1a\u8bae\u5931\u8d25\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u4f46\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\uff0c\u4f1a\u8bae\u8fd8\u627f\u62c5\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u9690\u5f62\u529f\u80fd\uff0c\u5373\u4f5c\u4e3a\u793e\u4f1a\u4eea\u5f0f\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u3002\u5b83\u6db5\u76d6\u4e86\u4fe1\u4efb\u5efa\u7acb\u3001\u6743\u529b\u8fb9\u754c\u6d4b\u8bd5\u3001\u4ee5\u53ca\u975e\u6b63\u5f0f\u4fe1\u606f\u7684\u4f20\u9012\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u6240\u4ee5\uff0c\u5728\u5f88\u591a\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u663e\u6027\u8bae\u7a0b\u53ea\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u201c\u501f\u53e3\u201d\uff0c\u8ba9\u5927\u5bb6\u805a\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\u5b8c\u6210\u9690\u6027\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u6821\u51c6\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>2. \u5fc3\u7406\u5951\u5408\u4e0e\u9002\u5e94\/\u78e8\u5408\u6210\u672c\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li>\u56e2\u961f\u534f\u4f5c\u6700\u5927\u7684\u6210\u672c\u5f80\u5f80\u4e0d\u662f\u6280\u672f\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u201c\u4e92\u76f8\u7406\u89e3\u7684\u6210\u672c\u201d\u3002\u957f\u4f1a\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u4f4e\u538b\u529b\u7684\u73af\u5883\uff08\u5f53\u6b63\u5f0f\u8ba8\u8bba\u9677\u5165\u505c\u6ede\u65f6\uff09\uff0c\u8ba9\u6210\u5458\u89c2\u5bdf\u5bf9\u65b9\u7684\u8bed\u8c03\u3001\u60c5\u7eea\u8fb9\u754c\u548c\u601d\u7ef4\u4e60\u60ef\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u8fd9\u79cd\u901a\u8fc7\u957f\u65f6\u95f4\u7684\u78e8\u5408\uff0c\u8fbe\u6210\u5bf9\u201c\u7279\u5f02\u98ce\u683c\u201d\u7684\u9002\u5e94\uff0c\u662f\u65e0\u6cd5\u901a\u8fc7\u9605\u8bfb\u5458\u5de5\u624b\u518c\u5b8c\u6210\u7684\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\u957f\u65f6\u95f4\u5f00\u4f1a\u5176\u5b9e\u4e5f\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u5185\u9690\u77e5\u8bc6\u7684\u4e60\u5f97\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>3. \u4f5c\u4e3a\u7ec4\u7ec7\u63a2\u7a76\u7684\u5b66\u4e60\u8005\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6848\u4f8b\u63d0\u9192\u6211\u4eec\uff1a\u4e0d\u8981\u8fc7\u65e9\u5730\u5bf9\u201c\u5197\u4f59\u201d\u548c\u201c\u4f4e\u6548\u201d\u4e0b\u7ed3\u8bba\u3002\u5728\u7ec4\u7ec7\u793e\u4f1a\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u4e2d\uff0c\u8bb8\u591a\u770b\u8d77\u6765\u6d6a\u8d39\u65f6\u95f4\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\uff0c\u672c\u8d28\u4e0a\u662f\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7684\u201c\u6da6\u6ed1\u5242\u201d\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4e00\u4e2a\u7ec4\u7ec7\u4e3a\u4e86\u6781\u81f4\u7684\u6548\u7387\u800c\u53d6\u6d88\u4e86\u6240\u6709\u7684\u201c\u957f\u4f1a\u201d\u6216\u201c\u5e9f\u8bdd\u65f6\u523b\u201d\uff0c\u7cfb\u7edf\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u56e0\u4e3a\u7f3a\u4e4f\u6210\u5458\u95f4\u7684\u5fc3\u7406\u9002\u5e94\u800c\u53d8\u5f97\u6781\u5176\u8106\u5f31\uff0c\u6700\u7ec8\u5728\u9762\u5bf9\u590d\u6742\u4efb\u52a1\u65f6\u7531\u4e8e\u7f3a\u4e4f\u9ed8\u5951\u800c\u5f7b\u5e95\u5d29\u76d8\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5168\u6587\uff1aPropositions that fall into this category seem to have political implications. Propositions of the form &#8220;what seems to function ineffectively in fact functions effectively&#8221; have conservative implications. People should not try to change an obviously defective social institution which in reality has useful consequences (Gans 1972). Radical implications are associated with assertions that seemingly successful social institutions in fact are dysfunctional and should be changed (e.g., schools make pupils stupid, jails create criminals, doctors produce disease, affirmative action hastens segregation).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\uff1a\u5c5e\u4e8e\u8fd9\u4e00\u8303\u7574\u7684\u547d\u9898\u4f3c\u4e4e\u5177\u6709\u653f\u6cbb\u610f\u6db5\u3002\u90a3\u4e9b\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3a\u201c\u770b\u4f3c\u529f\u80fd\u4f4e\u6548\u7684\u4e8b\u7269\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u529f\u80fd\u9ad8\u6548\u201d\u7684\u547d\u9898\uff0c\u5177\u6709\u4fdd\u5b88\u4e3b\u4e49\u8272\u5f69\u3002\u5176\u9690\u542b\u903b\u8f91\u662f\uff1a\u4eba\u4eec\u4e0d\u5e94\u8bd5\u56fe\u6539\u53d8\u4e00\u4e2a\u663e\u7136\u5b58\u5728\u7f3a\u9677\u3001\u4f46\u5728\u73b0\u5b9e\u4e2d\u5374\u4ea7\u751f\u7740\u6709\u76ca\u540e\u679c\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u5236\u5ea6\u3002\u4e0e\u4e4b\u76f8\u5bf9\uff0c\u90a3\u4e9b\u65ad\u8a00\u201c\u770b\u4f3c\u6210\u529f\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u5236\u5ea6\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u529f\u80fd\u5931\u8c03\u4e14\u5e94\u88ab\u6539\u53d8\u201d\u7684\u8bba\u65ad\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a\u5b66\u6821\u8ba9\u5b66\u751f\u53d8\u8822\u3001\u76d1\u72f1\u9020\u5c31\u7f6a\u72af\u3001\u533b\u751f\u5f15\u53d1\u75be\u75c5\u3001\u5e73\u6743\u884c\u52a8\u52a0\u901f\u9694\u79bb\uff09\uff0c\u5219\u5177\u6709\u6fc0\u8fdb\u4e3b\u4e49\u8272\u5f69\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\ud83d\udccc \u5b66\u4e60\u7b14\u8bb0<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u8fd9\u4e00\u6bb5\u843d\u5c06\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\u7684\u201c\u529f\u80fd\u6027\u5206\u6790\u201d\u63d0\u5347\u5230\u4e86\u653f\u6cbb\u54f2\u5b66\u4e0e\u610f\u8bc6\u5f62\u6001\u7684\u9ad8\u5ea6\u3002\u5b83\u63ed\u793a\u4e86\u5b66\u672f\u547d\u9898\u5982\u4f55\u901a\u8fc7\u5176\u5bf9\u201c\u529f\u80fd\u201d\u7684\u754c\u5b9a\uff0c\u5728\u65e0\u5f62\u4e2d\u4e3a\u201c\u7ef4\u6301\u73b0\u72b6\u201d\u6216\u201c\u6fc0\u8fdb\u53d8\u9769\u201d\u63d0\u4f9b\u7406\u8bba\u5408\u6cd5\u6027\u3002\u5728\u7ec4\u7ec7\u63a2\u7a76\u4e2d\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u903b\u8f91\u5e2e\u52a9\u6211\u4eec\u7406\u89e3\u4e3a\u4f55\u67d0\u4e9b\u7ba1\u7406\u54a8\u8be2\u5efa\u8bae\u6216\u7814\u7a76\u7ed3\u8bba\u4f1a\u5f15\u53d1\u622a\u7136\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u53cd\u5e94\u3002<br>1. \u7ec4\u7ec7\u7814\u7a76\u53d1\u73b0\u201c\u975e\u6b63\u5f0f\u7684\u5c0f\u56e2\u4f53\uff08\u5c0f\u5708\u5b50\uff09\u201d\u867d\u7136\u7834\u574f\u4e86\u516c\u53f8\u6b63\u5f0f\u7ed3\u6784\u7684\u7edf\u4e00\u6027\uff0c\u4f46\u5374\u80fd\u6709\u6548\u7f13\u89e3\u5458\u5de5\u7126\u8651\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\u8001\u7ec3\u7684\u7ba1\u7406\u8005\u4e0d\u4f1a\u8f7b\u6613\u6253\u7834\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5708\u5b50\u3002\u56e0\u4e3a\u8fd9\u79cd\u975e\u6b63\u5f0f\u7684\u5c0f\u56e2\u961f\u4f5c\u4e3a\u7ef4\u62a4\u73b0\u72b6\u7684\u975e\u6b63\u5f0f\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u6709\u5229\u4e8e\u7ec4\u7ec7\u4fdd\u6301\u5fc3\u7406\u7a33\u6001\u3002<br>2 \u529f\u80fd\u6027\u5f80\u5f80\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u89c2\u5bdf\u8005\u7684\u89c6\u89d2\u3002\u5f53\u6211\u4eec\u5728\u505a\u7ec4\u7ec7\u63a2\u7a76\u65f6\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u5f97\u51fa\u4e86\u201c\u4f4e\u6548\u73b0\u8c61\u5176\u5b9e\u9ad8\u6548\u201d\u7684\u7ed3\u8bba\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u8981\u610f\u8bc6\u5230\u81ea\u5df1\u53ef\u80fd\u6b63\u5728\u6210\u4e3a\u73b0\u72b6\u7684\u7ef4\u62a4\u8005\uff1b\u53cd\u4e4b\uff0c\u82e5\u6211\u4eec\u6307\u51fa\u201c\u9ad8\u6548\u73b0\u8c61\u7684\u5931\u8c03\u201d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u6b63\u626e\u6f14\u7740\u7834\u574f\u8005\u4e0e\u91cd\u6784\u8005\u7684\u89d2\u8272\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p>\u539f\u6587\uff1aAnalyses of functions are unusually good starting points in organizational theory. Looking for unexpected functions and dysfunctions is a useful pretext to become absorbed into a phenomenon and to think about it carefully. I mention this because many people are highly critical of functional analyses, not so much because they are a fallible form of analysis, but because of the political implications mentioned earlier. Once these political overtones &#8211; which are not as black and white as they are said to be\u2014 are stripped away, there remains a useful way to begin examining any phenomenon.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\uff1a\u529f\u80fd\u5206\u6790\u662f\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7406\u8bba\u4e2d\u6781\u4f73\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u8d77\u70b9\u3002\u5bfb\u627e\u90a3\u4e9b\u610f\u6599\u4e4b\u5916\u7684\u201c\u529f\u80fd\u201d\u4e0e\u201c\u529f\u80fd\u5931\u8c03\u201d\uff0c\u662f\u8ba9\u81ea\u5df1\u6c89\u6d78\u4e8e\u67d0\u4e00\u73b0\u8c61\u5e76\u8fdb\u884c\u6df1\u5165\u601d\u8003\u7684\u6709\u6548\u5951\u673a\u3002\u6211\u63d0\u53ca\u8fd9\u4e00\u70b9\uff0c\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u8bb8\u591a\u4eba\u5bf9\u529f\u80fd\u5206\u6790\u6301\u5f3a\u70c8\u7684\u6279\u5224\u6001\u5ea6\uff0c\u8fd9\u5012\u5e76\u975e\u56e0\u4e3a\u8fd9\u79cd\u5206\u6790\u65b9\u6cd5\u672c\u8eab\u5bb9\u6613\u51fa\u9519\uff0c\u800c\u66f4\u591a\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u524d\u6587\u63d0\u5230\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u610f\u6db5\u3002\u4e00\u65e6\u5265\u79bb\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e9b\u2014\u2014\u5176\u5b9e\u5e76\u975e\u5982\u4f20\u95fb\u4e2d\u90a3\u6837\u975e\u9ed1\u5373\u767d\u7684\u2014\u2014\u653f\u6cbb\u8272\u5f69\uff0c\u529f\u80fd\u5206\u6790\u4f9d\u7136\u662f\u5ba1\u89c6\u4efb\u4f55\u73b0\u8c61\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u6709\u6548\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\ud83d\udccc \u5b66\u4e60\u7b14\u8bb0<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u8fd9\u6bb5\u8bba\u8ff0\u5c06\u529f\u80fd\u5206\u6790\u4ece\u610f\u8bc6\u5f62\u6001\u7684\u4e89\u8bba\u4e2d\u62bd\u79bb\uff0c\u8fd8\u539f\u4e3a\u4e00\u79cd\u7eaf\u7cb9\u7684\u3001\u6781\u5177\u542f\u53d1\u6027\u7684\u7ec4\u7ec7\u63a2\u7a76\u5de5\u5177\u3002<br>1. \u4f5c\u8005\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\u63d0\u51fa\uff0c\u5de5\u5177\u7684\u6709\u7528\u6027\u72ec\u7acb\u4e8e\u5176\u653f\u6cbb\u540e\u679c\u3002\u529f\u80fd\u5206\u6790\u8feb\u4f7f\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u4e0d\u8981\u53ea\u770b\u8868\u8c61\u3002\u5f53\u4f60\u8bd5\u56fe\u89e3\u91ca\u201c\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u8fd9\u4e2a\u770b\u4f3c\u611a\u8822\u7684\u5236\u5ea6\u80fd\u5b58\u5728\u4e8c\u5341\u5e74\u201d\u65f6\uff0c\u4f60\u5fc5\u987b\u6df1\u5165\u73b0\u8c61\u5185\u90e8\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u201c\u88ab\u8feb\u7684\u6df1\u5165\u201d\u5f80\u5f80\u80fd\u4ea7\u751f\u6700\u6df1\u523b\u7684\u6d1e\u89c1\u3002\u4f5c\u8005\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u4fdd\u5b88\u6216\u6fc0\u8fdb\u5e76\u975e\u529f\u80fd\u5206\u6790\u7684\u672c\u8d28\u3002\u4e00\u79cd\u5206\u6790\u53ef\u4ee5\u540c\u65f6\u63ed\u793a\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u7a33\u5b9a\u6027\uff08\u4fdd\u5b88\uff09\u548c\u5176\u4e2d\u7684\u538b\u8feb\u6027\uff08\u6fc0\u8fdb\uff09\uff0c\u5b83\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u53cc\u5411\u7684\u663e\u5fae\u955c\u3002\u529f\u80fd\u5206\u6790\u6700\u5927\u7684\u4ef7\u503c\u5728\u4e8e\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u201c\u501f\u53e3\u201d\uff0c\u8ba9\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u8df3\u51fa\u7406\u6240\u5f53\u7136\u7684\u903b\u8f91\uff0c\u53bb\u5bfb\u627e\u90a3\u4e9b\u9690\u85cf\u7684\u4e92\u4f5c\u5173\u7cfb\u3002<br>2. 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\u4e3a\u4e86\u907f\u514d\u9677\u5165\u201c\u4e3a\u73b0\u72b6\u8fa9\u62a4\u201d\u6216\u201c\u76f2\u76ee\u6279\u5224\u201d\u7684\u9677\u9631\uff0c\u5206\u6790\u8005\u53ef\u4ee5\u91c7\u7528\u4ee5\u4e0b\u89c6\u89d2\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li>\u91c7\u53d6\u591a\u4e3b\u4f53\u529f\u80fd\u5206\u6790\uff1a\u540c\u4e00\u4e2a\u73b0\u8c61\uff08\u5982\u201c\u4e25\u683c\u7684\u8003\u52e4\u201d\uff09\u5bf9\u7ba1\u7406\u8005\u662f\u201c\u529f\u80fd\u6027\u7684\u201d\uff08\u6613\u4e8e\u63a7\u5236\uff09\uff0c\u5bf9\u5458\u5de5\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u201c\u529f\u80fd\u5931\u8c03\u7684\u201d\uff08\u964d\u4f4e\u58eb\u6c14\uff09\uff0c\u800c\u5bf9\u7ec4\u7ec7\u6574\u4f53\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u201c\u77db\u76fe\u7684\u201d\uff08\u77ed\u671f\u4fdd\u91cf\uff0c\u957f\u671f\u635f\u8d28\uff09\u3002<br><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u52a8\u6001\u529f\u80fd\u89c2\uff1a\u8fc7\u53bb\u7684\u529f\u80fd\uff08\u66fe\u7ecf\u7684\u9ad8\u6548\uff09\u5728\u73af\u5883\u6539\u53d8\u540e\u53ef\u80fd\u6f14\u53d8\u4e3a\u5f53\u4e0b\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u5931\u8c03\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u65f6\u95f4\u7ef4\u5ea6\u7684\u5206\u6790\u662f\u4e2d\u7acb\u4e14\u4e25\u8c28\u7684\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>4. \u8fd9\u6bb5\u8bdd\u7684\u7cbe\u9ad3\u5728\u4e8e\u9f13\u52b1\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u62e5\u62b1\u590d\u6742\u6027\u3002\u5728\u7ec4\u7ec7\u793e\u4f1a\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u4e2d\uff0c\u6700\u65e0\u8da3\u7684\u7ed3\u8bba\u662f\u201c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5236\u5ea6\u5f88\u70c2\uff0c\u5e94\u8be5\u6539\u6389\u201d\uff1b\u6700\u6709\u8da3\u7684\u7ed3\u8bba\u5219\u662f\u201c\u5c3d\u7ba1\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5236\u5ea6\u770b\u8d77\u6765\u5f88\u70c2\uff0c\u4f46\u5b83\u901a\u8fc7\u67d0\u79cd\u9690\u79d8\u7684\u673a\u5236\u652f\u6491\u4e86\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u8fd0\u4f5c\uff0c\u800c\u6211\u4eec\u8981\u7406\u89e3\u8fd9\u79cd\u673a\u5236\u3002\u201d\u8fd9\u79cd\u89c6\u89d2\u4e0d\u4ec5\u662f\u5b66\u672f\u4e0a\u7684\u201c\u6709\u8da3\u201d\uff0c\u66f4\u662f\u7ba1\u7406\u4e2d\u89e3\u51b3\u590d\u6742\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u524d\u63d0\u2014\u2014\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u4e0d\u7406\u89e3\u4e00\u4e2a\u201c\u70c2\u5236\u5ea6\u201d\u7684\u9690\u6027\u529f\u80fd\uff0c\u4f60\u7684\u4efb\u4f55\u6539\u9769\u65b9\u6848\u90fd\u53ef\u80fd\u906d\u9047\u65e0\u6cd5\u9884\u77e5\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u6027\u62b5\u6297\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\uff08\u4e0b\u4e00\u671f\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u7ee7\u7eed\u5b66\u4e60\uff09<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u63a5\u4e0a\u671f\uff1a\u300a\u7ec4\u7ec7\u793e\u4f1a\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u300b\u5b66\u4e60\u7b14\u8bb0 052 FUNCTION \u529f\u80fd \u539f\u6587\uff1aThe assumption her &hellip; <\/p>\n<p class=\"link-more\"><a href=\"https:\/\/mooda.com.cn\/?page_id=1569\" class=\"more-link\">\u7ee7\u7eed\u9605\u8bfb<span class=\"screen-reader-text\">\u201c\u300a\u7ec4\u7ec7\u793e\u4f1a\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u300b\u5b66\u4e60\u7b14\u8bb0 053\u201d<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/mooda.com.cn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1569"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/mooda.com.cn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/mooda.com.cn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mooda.com.cn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mooda.com.cn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=1569"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/mooda.com.cn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1569\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1570,"href":"https:\/\/mooda.com.cn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1569\/revisions\/1570"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/mooda.com.cn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=1569"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}