{"id":1528,"date":"2026-06-12T16:38:26","date_gmt":"2026-06-12T08:38:26","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/mooda.com.cn\/?page_id=1528"},"modified":"2026-06-12T16:38:26","modified_gmt":"2026-06-12T08:38:26","slug":"%e3%80%8a%e7%bb%84%e7%bb%87%e7%a4%be%e4%bc%9a%e5%bf%83%e7%90%86%e5%ad%a6%e3%80%8b%e5%ad%a6%e4%b9%a0%e7%ac%94%e8%ae%b0-045","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/mooda.com.cn\/?page_id=1528","title":{"rendered":"\u300a\u7ec4\u7ec7\u793e\u4f1a\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u300b\u5b66\u4e60\u7b14\u8bb0 045"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

\u63a5\u4e0a\u671f\uff1a<\/em>\u300a\u7ec4\u7ec7\u793e\u4f1a\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u300b\u5b66\u4e60\u7b14\u8bb0 044<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u539f\u6587\uff1aOrtony’s enthusiasm for metaphors is grounded in three considerations. First, metaphors provide a compact version of an event without the need for the message to spell out all the details. The details are implicit in the metaphor and can be reconstructed later. “He dived into the water like a fearless warrior” is a quick, concise description that invites embellishment and that directs the embellishment of details by some reader. It is not necessary to say that he dived into the water bravely, strongly, fearlessly, aggressively, in a determined manner, and so forth. Metaphor, in this compactness, “enables the predication of a chunk of characteristics in a word or two that would otherwise require a long list of characteristics individually predicated” (Ortony 1975, p. 49).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\uff1a\u5965\u6258\u5c3c\u5bf9\u9690\u55bb\u7684\u70ed\u5ff1\u57fa\u4e8e\u4e09\u4e2a\u8003\u91cf\u3002\u9996\u5148\uff0c\u9690\u55bb\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e8b\u4ef6\u7684\u7d27\u51d1\u7248\u672c\uff0c\u800c\u65e0\u9700\u5728\u4fe1\u606f\u4e2d\u8be6\u8ff0\u6240\u6709\u7ec6\u8282\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7ec6\u8282\u9690\u542b\u5728\u9690\u55bb\u4e4b\u4e2d\uff0c\u5e76\u53ef\u5728\u968f\u540e\u88ab\u91cd\u6784\u3002\u201c\u4ed6\u50cf\u65e0\u754f\u7684\u6218\u58eb\u4e00\u6837\u8dc3\u5165\u6c34\u4e2d\u201d\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5feb\u901f\u3001\u7b80\u7ec3\u7684\u63cf\u8ff0\uff0c\u5b83\u8bf1\u53d1\u4e86\u8bfb\u8005\u7684\u4e30\u5bcc\u8054\u60f3\uff0c\u5e76\u5f15\u5bfc\u8bfb\u8005\u5bf9\u7ec6\u8282\u8fdb\u884c\u6da6\u8272\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u6ca1\u6709\u5fc5\u8981\u53bb\u8bf4\u4ed6\u8dc3\u5165\u6c34\u4e2d\u65f6\u662f\u52c7\u6562\u7684\u3001\u5f3a\u58ee\u7684\u3001\u65e0\u6240\u754f\u60e7\u7684\u3001\u5177\u6709\u653b\u51fb\u6027\u7684\u3001\u575a\u5b9a\u4e0d\u79fb\u7684\uff0c\u7b49\u7b49\u3002\u9690\u55bb\u51ed\u501f\u8fd9\u79cd\u7d27\u51d1\u6027\uff0c\u201c\u80fd\u591f\u901a\u8fc7\u4e00\u4e24\u4e2a\u8bcd\u8bed\u6765\u65ad\u5b9a\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u7279\u5f81\uff0c\u800c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7279\u5f81\u5728\u5176\u4ed6\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u5219\u9700\u8981\u4e00\u957f\u4e32\u9010\u4e00\u9648\u8ff0\u7684\u7279\u5f81\u63cf\u8ff0\u201d\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\ud83d\udca1\u5b66\u4e60\u7b14\u8bb0\uff1a<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Weick\u5728\u8fd9\u4e00\u6bb5\u4e2d\uff0c\u8be6\u7ec6\u9610\u8ff0\u4e86\u9690\u55bb\u5728\u4fe1\u606f\u4f20\u9012\u4e2d\u7684\u4f18\u52bf\uff0c\u5373\u5965\u6258\u5c3c\u6240\u79f0\u7684\u201c\u7d27\u51d1\u6027\u201d\u3002\u4ece\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7ba1\u7406\u548c\u4e13\u4e1a\u4ea4\u6d41\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u6765\u770b\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e00\u7279\u6027\u5177\u6709\u6781\u9ad8\u7684\u4ef7\u503c\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1. \u4fe1\u606f\u7684\u9ad8\u5bc6\u5ea6\u538b\u7f29<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u4eba\u7c7b\u5927\u8111\u5904\u7406\u96f6\u6563\u4fe1\u606f\u7684\u80fd\u529b\u6709\u9650\uff08\u8457\u540d\u7684 7\u00b12 \u539f\u5219\uff09\u3002\u9690\u55bb\u901a\u8fc7\u4e00\u4e2a\u201c\u5757\u201d\u2014\u2014\u5982\u201c\u65e0\u754f\u7684\u6218\u58eb\u201d\u2014\u2014\u5c06\u52c7\u6562\u3001\u529b\u91cf\u3001\u51b3\u5fc3\u7b49\u591a\u4e2a\u7ef4\u5ea6\u7684\u7279\u5f81\u6253\u5305\u3002\u5728\u4e13\u4e1a\u6c47\u62a5\u4e2d\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528\u201c\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7684\u514d\u75ab\u53cd\u5e94\u201d\u8fdc\u6bd4\u89e3\u91ca\u201c\u7ec4\u7ec7\u5404\u90e8\u95e8\u56e0\u53d7\u65e2\u5f97\u5229\u76ca\u548c\u60ef\u6027\u9a71\u52a8\uff0c\u5bf9\u5916\u90e8\u53d8\u9769\u65b9\u6848\u4ea7\u751f\u81ea\u53d1\u7684\u62b5\u5236\u3001\u6392\u65a5\u548c\u9632\u5fa1\u884c\u4e3a\u201d\u8981\u9ad8\u6548\u5f97\u591a\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2. \u9690\u542b\u7ec6\u8282\u7684\u91cd\u6784<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u9690\u55bb\u4e4b\u6240\u4ee5\u80fd\u5b9e\u73b0\u538b\u7f29\uff0c\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u4f9d\u8d56\u4e8e\u53d1\u9001\u8005\u4e0e\u63a5\u6536\u8005\u4e4b\u95f4\u5171\u4eab\u7684\u77e5\u8bc6\u56fe\u8c31\u3002\u5f53\u4f60\u5411\u8bfb\u8005\u629b\u51fa\u201c\u6218\u58eb\u201d\u8fd9\u4e2a\u9690\u55bb\u65f6\uff0c\u4f60\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u662f\u6fc0\u6d3b\u4e86\u5bf9\u65b9\u5934\u8111\u4e2d\u5173\u4e8e\u6218\u58eb\u7684\u5df2\u6709\u56fe\u3002\u9690\u55bb\u4e0d\u662f\u5c01\u95ed\u7684\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u5f00\u653e\u7684\u3002\u5b83\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u6846\u67b6\uff0c\u8bfb\u8005\u7684\u601d\u7ef4\u4f1a\u6cbf\u7740\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6846\u67b6\u81ea\u52a8\u8865\u5168\u7ec6\u8282\u3002\u8fd9\u610f\u5473\u7740\u9690\u55bb\u5177\u6709\u4e00\u79cd\u201c\u5b9a\u5411\u5f15\u5bfc\u201d\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u5b83\u89c4\u5b9a\u4e86\u8054\u60f3\u7684\u8fb9\u754c\uff08\u6bd4\u5982\u201c\u6218\u58eb\u201d\u5f15\u5bfc\u7684\u662f\u79ef\u6781\u3001\u521a\u5f3a\u7684\u8054\u60f3\uff0c\u800c\u975e\u61e6\u5f31\u3001\u72b9\u8c6b\u7684\u8054\u60f3\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

3. \u6c9f\u901a\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u6027<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u5965\u6258\u5c3c\u5f3a\u8c03\u9690\u55bb\u201c\u4f7f\u4e00\u4e24\u4e2a\u8bcd\u8bed\u53d6\u4ee3\u957f\u7bc7\u5927\u8bba\u201d\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u6c9f\u901a\u7684\u4f4e\u5e26\u5bbd\u5360\u7528\u3001\u9ad8\u8bed\u4e49\u83b7\u53d6\uff0c\u662f\u590d\u6742\u7cfb\u7edf\u7406\u8bba\uff08\u5982\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7406\u8bba\uff09\u80fd\u591f\u88ab\u975e\u4e13\u4e1a\u4eba\u58eb\u5feb\u901f\u7406\u89e3\u7684\u5173\u952e\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u903b\u8f91\u7ed3\u6784\u603b\u7ed3<\/p>\n\n\n

\n
\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n

\u5728\u7ba1\u7406\u5b9e\u8df5\u4e2d\uff0c\u8bc6\u522b\u5e76\u5e94\u7528\u8fd9\u79cd\u201c\u7d27\u51d1\u578b\u9690\u55bb\u201d\u80fd\u591f\u663e\u8457\u63d0\u5347\u6587\u672c\u7684\u51b2\u51fb\u529b\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u4e0e\u5176\u5217\u4e3e\u67d0\u9879\u65b0\u6280\u672f\u5e26\u6765\u7684\u5341\u9879\u7ec6\u5fae\u6539\u8fdb\uff0c\u4e0d\u5982\u79f0\u4e4b\u4e3a\u201c\u884c\u4e1a\u7684\u7834\u51b0\u8239\u201d\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u8868\u8fbe\u4f1a\u81ea\u52a8\u8ba9\u8bfb\u8005\u8054\u60f3\u5230\u529b\u91cf\u3001\u5f00\u62d3\u6027\u4ee5\u53ca\u6253\u7834\u50f5\u5c40\u7684\u80fd\u529b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u539f\u6587\uff1aSecond, metaphors enable people to predicate characteristics that are unnamable. It’s frequently impossible for people to find the appropriate words; when faced with this impasse, people use metaphors to portray what they cannot portray literally. Percy (1975) argues this point with force and emphasizes that a metaphor is rarely a mistake. The apparently mistaken image more often captures some significant quality that belongs uniquely to an object or event. Metaphors often portray the quiddity of an object, “the essential nature or ultimate form of something; what makes something to be the type of thing that it is” (Webster’s Third New International Dictionary, 1966, p. 1865).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u53c2\u8003\u5168\u6587\uff1a\u5176\u6b21\uff0c\u9690\u55bb\u4f7f\u4eba\u4eec\u80fd\u591f\u63cf\u8ff0\u90a3\u4e9b\u65e0\u6cd5\u547d\u540d\u7684\u7279\u5f81\u3002\u4eba\u4eec\u5e38\u5e38\u53d1\u73b0\u81ea\u5df1\u65e0\u6cd5\u627e\u5230\u5408\u9002\u7684\u8bcd\u6c47\uff1b\u9762\u5bf9\u8fd9\u79cd\u50f5\u5c40\uff0c\u4eba\u4eec\u4fbf\u4f7f\u7528\u9690\u55bb\u6765\u63cf\u7ed8\u90a3\u4e9b\u65e0\u6cd5\u901a\u8fc7\u5b57\u9762\u610f\u4e49\u4f20\u8fbe\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u3002\u6ce2\u897f\u6709\u529b\u5730\u8bba\u8bc1\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e00\u89c2\u70b9\uff0c\u5e76\u5f3a\u8c03\u9690\u55bb\u6781\u5c11\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u9519\u8bef\u3002\u90a3\u4e9b\u8868\u9762\u4e0a\u770b\u8d77\u6765\u9519\u8bef\u7684\u610f\u8c61\uff0c\u5f80\u5f80\u6355\u6349\u5230\u4e86\u67d0\u4e2a\u5bf9\u8c61\u6216\u4e8b\u4ef6\u6240\u72ec\u6709\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u54c1\u8d28\u3002\u9690\u55bb\u7ecf\u5e38\u63cf\u7ed8\u51fa\u4e8b\u7269\u7684\u672c\u8d28\uff09\uff0c\u5373\u201c\u67d0\u7269\u7684\u672c\u8d28\u5c5e\u6027\u6216\u7ec8\u6781\u5f62\u5f0f\uff1b\u4f7f\u67d0\u7269\u6210\u4e3a\u5176\u6240\u5c5e\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u6839\u672c\u7279\u5f81\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\ud83d\udca1\u5b66\u4e60\u7b14\u8bb0\uff1a<\/strong>
Weick \u5728\u8fd9\u6bb5\u8bdd\u91cc\u63a2\u8ba8\u4e86\uff0c\u9690\u55bb\u5728\u8ba4\u77e5\u4e0e\u8868\u8fbe\u4e2d\u7684\u8865\u507f\u529f\u80fd\u3002\u5f53\u73b0\u6709\u7684\u3001\u89c4\u8303\u7684\u8bed\u8a00\u65e0\u6cd5\u89e6\u53ca\u5ba2\u89c2\u4e8b\u7269\u7684\u6df1\u5c42\u672c\u8d28\u65f6\uff0c\u9690\u55bb\u4fbf\u5145\u5f53\u4e86\u8de8\u8d8a\u201c\u4e0d\u53ef\u8a00\u8bf4\u201d\u9e3f\u6c9f\u7684\u6865\u6881\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1. \u586b\u8865\u201c\u8bed\u8a00\u771f\u7a7a\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u5728\u590d\u6742\u7cfb\u7edf\uff08\u5982\u7ec4\u7ec7\u3001\u60c5\u611f\u3001\u6218\u7565\uff09\u4e2d\uff0c\u5b58\u5728\u5927\u91cf\u201c\u53ea\u53ef\u610f\u4f1a\u4e0d\u53ef\u8a00\u4f20\u201d\u7684\u4e2d\u95f4\u5730\u5e26\u3002\u5b57\u9762\u8bed\u8a00\u5f80\u5f80\u662f\u9897\u7c92\u5ea6\u8f83\u7c97\u7684\u5206\u7c7b\uff0c\u800c\u9690\u55bb\u53ef\u4ee5\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u66f4\u7ec6\u81f4\u3001\u66f4\u5177\u7a7f\u900f\u529b\u7684\u7ef4\u5ea6\u3002\u5f53\u903b\u8f91\u601d\u7ef4\u548c\u5e72\u5df4\u5df4\u7684\u672f\u8bed\u5728\u63cf\u8ff0\u672c\u8d28\u65f6\u663e\u5f97\u4e4f\u529b\u65f6\uff0c\u9690\u55bb\u901a\u8fc7\u201c\u611f\u5b98\u8f6c\u6362\u201d\u6216\u201c\u8de8\u754c\u7c7b\u6bd4\u201d\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u7a81\u7834\u53e3\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2. \u201c\u9519\u8bef\u7684\u610f\u8c61\u201d\u4e2d\u7684\u771f\u76f8<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u4ece\u4e25\u683c\u903b\u8f91\u6765\u770b\uff0c\u9690\u55bb\uff08\u5982\u201c\u7ec4\u7ec7\u662f\u4e00\u53ea\u7ae0\u9c7c\u201d\uff09\u5728\u5b57\u9762\u4e0a\u662f\u9519\u8bef\u7684\u3002\u4f46\u6ce2\u897f\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e0a\u7684\u201c\u9519\u8bef\u201d\u6070\u6070\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u6355\u6349\u5b9e\u8d28\u4e0a\u7684\u201c\u7cbe\u786e\u201d\u3002\u9690\u55bb\u4e0d\u8ffd\u6c42\u8bcd\u8bed\u8868\u9762\u7684\u51c6\u786e\uff0c\u800c\u8ffd\u6c42\u5bf9\u76ee\u6807\u5bf9\u8c61\u7279\u8d28\u7684\u6355\u6349\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u79f0\u4e00\u4e2a\u7ba1\u7406\u4f53\u7cfb\u4e3a\u201c\u8df7\u8df7\u677f\u201d\u6bd4\u79f0\u5176\u4e3a\u201c\u52a8\u6001\u5e73\u8861\u7684\u6cbb\u7406\u7ed3\u6784\u201d\u66f4\u80fd\u53cd\u6620\u51fa\u5176\u5185\u5728\u7684\u6447\u6446\u611f\u548c\u91cd\u529b\u611f\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

3. \u63cf\u7ed8\u201c\u672c\u8d28\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u672c\u8d28\/\u672c\u6027\uff08Quiddity\uff09\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u54f2\u5b66\u8bcd\u6c47\uff0c\u6307\u7684\u662f\u8ba9\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e1c\u897f\u6210\u4e3a\u5b83\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u6839\u672c\u3002\u666e\u901a\u7684\u5206\u7c7b\u8bed\u8a00\u544a\u8bc9\u6211\u4eec\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e1c\u897f\u201c\u5c5e\u4e8e\u4ec0\u4e48\u7c7b\u578b\u201d\uff0c\u800c\u9690\u55bb\u544a\u8bc9\u6211\u4eec\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4e1c\u897f\u201c\u7a76\u7adf\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\u6837\u201d\u3002\u5b83\u76f4\u6307\u4e8b\u7269\u7684\u201c\u7ec8\u6781\u5f62\u5f0f\u201d\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u903b\u8f91\u7ed3\u6784\u603b\u7ed3<\/p>\n\n\n

\n
\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n

\u5728\u7ba1\u7406\u6c9f\u901a\u4e2d\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u5bf9\u201c\u672c\u6027\u201d\u7684\u6355\u6349\u81f3\u5173\u91cd\u8981\u3002\u4e00\u4e2a\u597d\u7684\u8868\u8fbe\u4e0d\u4ec5\u80fd\u7528\u4e13\u4e1a\u672f\u8bed\u63cf\u8ff0\u516c\u53f8\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u66f4\u80fd\u901a\u8fc7\u4e00\u4e2a\u7cbe\u5999\u7684\u9690\u55bb\uff08\u5982\u201c\u8fd9\u5bb6\u516c\u53f8\u7684\u6c9f\u901a\u50cf\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u4fe1\u53f7\u4e0d\u4f73\u7684\u56de\u58f0\u58c1\u201d\uff09\u76f4\u51fb\u5176\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7075\u9b42\u7684\u75db\u70b9\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u5bf9\u201c\u4e0d\u53ef\u540d\u72b6\u4e4b\u7269\u201d\u7684\u547d\u540d\uff0c\u5f80\u5f80\u662f\u89e3\u51b3\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u5f00\u59cb\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u539f\u6587\uff1aOrtony presents a marvelous example of the horrors when one uses a metaphor to portray that which is already expressible:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\uff1a\u5965\u6258\u5c3c\u4e3e\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u7cbe\u5f69\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\uff0c\u8bf4\u660e\u4e86\u5f53\u4e00\u4e2a\u4eba\u8bd5\u56fe\u7528\u9690\u55bb\u6765\u63cf\u7ed8\u90a3\u4e9b\u672c\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u76f4\u767d\u8bed\u8a00\u8868\u8fbe\u7684\u4e8b\u7269\u65f6\uff0c\u4f1a\u4ea7\u751f\u591a\u4e48\u53ef\u6015\u7684\u540e\u679c\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u539f\u6587\uff1aSuppose someone said, “Oranges are the baseballs of the fruit-lover!” On being asked what was meant by this extraordinarily obscure remark, imagine the proud speaker to reply, “Oh-that’s a metaphor; don’t you see, oranges are round and so are baseballs\u2014it’s clever isn’t it?” Now according to our view the function of metaphor is to express succinctly what can only be said very circuitously if, indeed, it can be said at all. Our literary giant, however, anticipates an appropriate distinctive set comprising one easily nameable characteristic (if he anticipates anything). His metaphor fails because what he wanted to say was that oranges are round, and there was nothing preventing him saying just that!… People simply do not use metaphors to transfer one characteristic, even if it is a distinctive one, when there is a ready literal way of making the point (Ortony 1975, p. 50).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\uff1a\u5047\u8bbe\u6709\u4eba\u8bf4\uff1a\u201c\u6a59\u5b50\u662f\u6c34\u679c\u7231\u597d\u8005\u7684\u68d2\u7403\uff01\u201d\u5f53\u88ab\u95ee\u53ca\u8fd9\u53e5\u6781\u5176\u6666\u6da9\u7684\u8bdd\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\u610f\u601d\u65f6\uff0c\u60f3\u8c61\u4e00\u4e0b\u8bf4\u8bdd\u8005\u81ea\u8c6a\u5730\u56de\u7b54\u9053\uff1a\u201c\u5662\uff01\u90a3\u662f\u4e2a\u9690\u55bb\uff0c\u96be\u9053\u4f60\u6ca1\u770b\u51fa\u6765\u5417\uff1f\u6a59\u5b50\u662f\u5706\u7684\uff0c\u68d2\u7403\u4e5f\u662f\u5706\u7684\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e0d\u662f\u5f88\u673a\u667a\u5417\uff1f\u201d\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u6839\u636e\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u89c2\u70b9\uff0c\u9690\u55bb\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u662f\u7b80\u6d01\u5730\u8868\u8fbe\u90a3\u4e9b\u5373\u4fbf\u80fd\u591f\u8bf4\u6e05\u3001\u4e5f\u5fc5\u987b\u7ed5\u5927\u5708\u5b50\u624d\u80fd\u8868\u8fbe\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u3002\u53ef\u662f\uff0c\u8fd9\u4f4d\u201c\u6587\u5b66\u5de8\u5320\u201d\u9884\u8bbe\u7684\u5374\u662f\u4e00\u7ec4\u4ec5\u5305\u542b\u4e00\u4e2a\u6613\u4e8e\u547d\u540d\u7684\u7279\u5f81\uff08\u5982\u679c\u4ed6\u771f\u7684\u6709\u6240\u9884\u8bbe\u7684\u8bdd\uff09\u7684\u663e\u8457\u96c6\u5408\u3002\u4ed6\u7684\u9690\u55bb\u5931\u8d25\u4e86\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u4ed6\u60f3\u8868\u8fbe\u7684\u662f\u201c\u6a59\u5b50\u662f\u5706\u7684\u201d\uff0c\u800c\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u4efb\u4f55\u969c\u788d\u963b\u6b62\u4ed6\u76f4\u63a5\u90a3\u6837\u8bf4\uff01\u2026\u2026\u5f53\u5b58\u5728\u73b0\u6210\u7684\u76f4\u767d\u8868\u8fbe\u65b9\u5f0f\u65f6\uff0c\u4eba\u4eec\u6839\u672c\u4e0d\u4f1a\u4e3a\u4e86\u8f6c\u79fb\u5355\u4e00\u7279\u5f81\uff08\u5373\u4fbf\u90a3\u662f\u663e\u8457\u7279\u5f81\uff09\u800c\u4f7f\u7528\u9690\u55bb\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\ud83d\udca1\u5b66\u4e60\u7b14\u8bb0\uff1a<\/strong>
\u8fd9\u6bb5\u8bba\u8ff0\u4ece\u53cd\u9762\u754c\u5b9a\u4e86\u9690\u55bb\u7684\u201c\u5408\u6cd5\u6027\u8fb9\u754c\u201d\u3002\u5b83\u6307\u51fa\u4e86\u5e73\u5eb8\u8868\u8fbe\u4e0e\u6df1\u523b\u9690\u55bb\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u672c\u8d28\u533a\u522b\uff1a\u9690\u55bb\u4e0d\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u9690\u55bb\u800c\u9690\u55bb\u7684\u201c\u6545\u5f04\u7384\u865a\u201d\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u89e3\u51b3\u4e00\u79cd\u8868\u8fbe\u56f0\u5883\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1. \u9690\u55bb\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u539f\u5219<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u5982\u679c\u5b57\u9762\u8bed\u8a00\u5df2\u7ecf\u80fd\u9ad8\u6548\u3001\u51c6\u786e\u5730\u5b8c\u6210\u4efb\u52a1\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528\u9690\u55bb\u5c31\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u8ba4\u77e5\u5197\u4f59\u3002\u201c\u6a59\u5b50\u662f\u68d2\u7403\u201d\u4e4b\u6240\u4ee5\u5931\u8d25\uff0c\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u6ca1\u6709\u63d0\u4f9b\u4efb\u4f55\u8d85\u8d8a\u201c\u5706\u201d\u4e4b\u5916\u7684\u65b0\u4fe1\u606f\u3002\u5b83\u5c06\u4e00\u4e2a\u7b80\u5355\u6982\u5ff5\u590d\u6742\u5316\uff0c\u589e\u52a0\u4e86\u8bfb\u8005\u7684\u89e3\u7801\u6210\u672c\uff0c\u5374\u6ca1\u6709\u4efb\u4f55\u8bed\u4e49\u4e0a\u7684\u6ea2\u4ef7\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2. \u591a\u91cd\u7279\u5f81\u4ef7\u503c<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u5982\u679c\u7c7b\u6bd4\u53ea\u6d89\u53ca\u4e00\u4e2a\u5bb9\u6613\u547d\u540d\u7684\u5c5e\u6027\uff08\u5982\u5f62\u72b6\u3001\u989c\u8272\uff09\uff0c\u9690\u55bb\u5c31\u5931\u53bb\u4e86\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u610f\u4e49\u3002\u6210\u529f\u7684\u9690\u55bb\uff08\u5982\u524d\u6587\u63d0\u5230\u7684\u201c\u6218\u58eb\u201d\uff09\u8f6c\u79fb\u7684\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u7279\u5f81\u77e9\u9635\uff08\u52c7\u6c14\u3001\u529b\u91cf\u3001\u59ff\u6001\u3001\u610f\u5fd7\uff09\u3002\u53ea\u6709\u5f53\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7279\u5f81\u4ea4\u7ec7\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\uff0c\u4e14\u96be\u4ee5\u7528\u5355\u4e00\u672f\u8bed\u7a77\u5c3d\u65f6\uff0c\u9690\u55bb\u624d\u5177\u6709\u201c\u7d27\u51d1\u6027\u201d\u7684\u4ef7\u503c\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

3. \u907f\u514d\u6587\u5b66\u9677\u9631<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u5f88\u591a\u4eba\u5728\u7ba1\u7406\u6c9f\u901a\u6216\u5199\u4f5c\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e3a\u4e86\u663e\u5f97\u201c\u673a\u667a\u201d\u6216\u201c\u751f\u52a8\u201d\u800c\u5f3a\u884c\u4f7f\u7528\u9690\u55bb\u3002\u5982\u679c\u9690\u55bb\u80cc\u540e\u7684\u903b\u8f91\u8fc7\u4e8e\u6d45\u8584\u6216\u7275\u5f3a\uff0c\u53cd\u800c\u4f1a\u8ba9\u4eba\u6478\u4e0d\u7740\u5934\u8111\uff0c\u663e\u5f97\u5f88low\u3002\u9690\u55bb\u5e94\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u9ad8\u7ea7\u7684\u624b\u6cd5\uff08\u56e0\u4e3a\u65e0\u6cd5\u7b80\u5355\u800c\u76f4\u63a5\u7684\u8bf4\u51fa\u6765\uff09\uff0c\u800c\u975e\u70ab\u6280\u7684\u88c5\u9970\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u903b\u8f91\u7ed3\u6784\u603b\u7ed3<\/p>\n\n\n

\n
\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n

\u5728\u7ba1\u7406\u6c9f\u901a\u6216\u5199\u4f5c\u4e2d\uff0c\u5e94\u8b66\u60d5\u8fd9\u79cd\u753b\u86c7\u6dfb\u8db3\u5f0f\u201c\u9690\u55bb\u201d\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4e00\u4e2a\u672f\u8bed\uff08\u5982\u201c\u8d4b\u80fd\u201d\u3001\u201c\u95ed\u73af\u201d\uff09\u5df2\u7ecf\u6ca6\u4e3a\u9648\u8bcd\u6ee5\u8c03\u6216\u4ec5\u6307\u4ee3\u5355\u4e00\u52a8\u4f5c\uff0c\u5b83\u5c31\u5931\u53bb\u4e86\u9690\u55bb\u7684\u7a7f\u900f\u529b\uff0c\u53d8\u6210\u4e86\u7d2f\u8d58\u7684\u9ed1\u8bdd\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u539f\u6587\uff1aJust to see what inexpressibility can do, ponder this comment made by a child after she tasted her first glass of soda water: “It tasted like my foot’s asleep.”\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\uff1a\u4e3a\u4e86\u611f\u53d7\u201c\u4e0d\u53ef\u8a00\u8bf4\u6027\u201d\u6240\u80fd\u6fc0\u53d1\u7684\u529b\u91cf\uff0c\u8bf7\u601d\u8003\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b69\u5b50\u5728\u559d\u4e0b\u5979\u4eba\u751f\u7b2c\u4e00\u53e3\u82cf\u6253\u6c34\u540e\u7684\u8bc4\u4ef7\uff1a\u201c\u5b83\u7684\u5473\u9053\u559d\u8d77\u6765\u5c31\u50cf\u6211\u7684\u811a\u7761\u7740\u4e86\uff08\u53d1\u9ebb\uff09\u3002\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\ud83d\udca1\u5b66\u4e60\u7b14\u8bb0\uff1a<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4f8b\u5b50\u4e4b\u6240\u4ee5\u88abWeick\u89c6\u4e3a\u9690\u55bb\u7684\u5dc5\u5cf0\uff0c\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u6253\u7834\u4e86\u611f\u5b98\u7684\u754c\u9650\uff0c\u7528\u4e00\u79cd\u8de8\u611f\u5b98\u7684\u7c7b\u6bd4\uff0c\u7cbe\u51c6\u5730\u6355\u6349\u5230\u4e86\u82cf\u6253\u6c34\u6700\u672c\u8d28\u7684\u7269\u7406\u7279\u5f81\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1. \u5bf9\u4e8e\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b69\u5b50\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u8981\u63cf\u8ff0\u82cf\u6253\u6c34\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4f7f\u7528\u201c\u6c14\u6ce1\u5728\u820c\u5c16\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u5fae\u5c0f\u523a\u75db\u611f\u201d\u8fd9\u79cd\u6210\u4eba\u5316\u7684\u63cf\u8ff0\uff0c\u4e0d\u4ec5\u751f\u6da9\u4e14\u5931\u53bb\u4e86\u90a3\u79cd\u76f4\u89c2\u7684\u9707\u64bc\u3002\u5b69\u5b50\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c\u201c\u820c\u5c16\u4e0a\u7684\u523a\u75db\u201d\u4e0e\u201c\u811a\u53d1\u9ebb\uff08\u9ebb\u6728\u611f\uff09\u201d\u5177\u6709\u9ad8\u5ea6\u7684\u76f8\u4f3c\u6027\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u201c\u811a\u7761\u7740\u4e86\u201d\u7684\u611f\u89c9\u662f\u5979\u5df2\u77e5\u7684\u3001\u6df1\u523b\u7684\u4f53\u9a8c\uff0c\u5979\u5c06\u5176\u8fc1\u79fb\u5230\u4e86\u672a\u77e5\u7684\u5473\u89c9\u9886\u57df\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2. \u8fd9\u4e2a\u9690\u55bb\u6355\u6349\u7684\u4e0d\u662f\u82cf\u6253\u6c34\u7684\u201c\u5473\u9053\u201d\uff08\u751c\u6216\u9178\uff09\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u5b83\u7684\u201c\u8d28\u5730\u201d\u548c\u201c\u6d3b\u6027\u201d\u3002\u5b69\u5b50\u901a\u8fc7\u8fd9\u4e2a\u9690\u55bb\uff0c\u77ac\u95f4\u8ba9\u542c\u8005\u7406\u89e3\u4e86\u90a3\u79cd\u52a8\u6001\u7684\u3001\u7ec6\u788e\u7684\u3001\u5e26\u6709\u8f7b\u5fae\u4e0d\u9002\u7684\u4f53\u9a8c\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

3. \u4ece\u5b57\u9762\u4e0a\u770b\uff0c\u811a\u7684\u89e6\u89c9\u548c\u6c34\u7684\u5473\u89c9\u6beb\u65e0\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u8fd9\u4f3c\u4e4e\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u201c\u9519\u8bef\u7684\u610f\u8c61\u201d\uff0c\u4f46\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u8fd9\u79cd\u8868\u8fbe\u6bd4\u8bf4\u201c\u8fd9\u6c34\u6709\u6c14\u6ce1\u201d\u8981\u6df1\u523b\u5f97\u591a\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u4f20\u8fbe\u4e86\u611f\u53d7\u7684\u5f3a\u5ea6\u3002<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u63a5\u4e0a\u671f\uff1a\u300a\u7ec4\u7ec7\u793e\u4f1a\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u300b\u5b66\u4e60\u7b14\u8bb0 044 \u539f\u6587\uff1aOrtony’s enthusiasm for … <\/p>\n

\u7ee7\u7eed\u9605\u8bfb\u201c\u300a\u7ec4\u7ec7\u793e\u4f1a\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u300b\u5b66\u4e60\u7b14\u8bb0 045\u201d<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/mooda.com.cn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1528"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/mooda.com.cn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/mooda.com.cn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mooda.com.cn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mooda.com.cn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=1528"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/mooda.com.cn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1528\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1532,"href":"https:\/\/mooda.com.cn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1528\/revisions\/1532"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/mooda.com.cn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=1528"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}