{"id":1522,"date":"2026-06-12T16:30:55","date_gmt":"2026-06-12T08:30:55","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/mooda.com.cn\/?page_id=1522"},"modified":"2026-06-12T16:30:55","modified_gmt":"2026-06-12T08:30:55","slug":"%e3%80%8a%e7%bb%84%e7%bb%87%e7%a4%be%e4%bc%9a%e5%bf%83%e7%90%86%e5%ad%a6%e3%80%8b%e5%ad%a6%e4%b9%a0%e7%ac%94%e8%ae%b0-044","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/mooda.com.cn\/?page_id=1522","title":{"rendered":"\u300a\u7ec4\u7ec7\u793e\u4f1a\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u300b\u5b66\u4e60\u7b14\u8bb0 044"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

\u63a5\u4e0a\u671f\uff1a<\/em>\u300a\u7ec4\u7ec7\u793e\u4f1a\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u300b\u5b66\u4e60\u7b14\u8bb0 043<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u539f\u6587\uff1aSimon’s (1962) treatment of recipes is most directly related to organizing. He equates recipes with process descriptions, and he contrasts these with state descriptions or blueprints. A state description reads, “A circle is the locus of all points equidistant from a given point.” A recipe for that circle would read, “Rotate a compass with one arm fixed until the other arm has returned to its starting point.” Recipes provide the means to generate structures that have the characteristics you want. The trick in organizations is to coordinate blueprints and recipes. The prototypic question in organizations becomes: given that blueprint, what recipe will produce it? Adapted to organizing, the question becomes: given our need for a sensible enacted environment, how do we produce it?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\uff1a\u897f\u8499\u5173\u4e8e\u201c\u98df\u8c31\u201d\u7684\u5904\u7406\u4e0e\u7ec4\u7ec7\u5316\u6700\u4e3a\u76f4\u63a5\u76f8\u5173\u3002\u4ed6\u5c06\u98df\u8c31\u7b49\u540c\u4e8e\u8fc7\u7a0b\u63cf\u8ff0\uff0c\u5e76\u5c06\u5176\u4e0e\u72b6\u6001\u63cf\u8ff0\u6216\u84dd\u56fe\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u5bf9\u6bd4\u3002\u72b6\u6001\u63cf\u8ff0\u7684\u8868\u8fbe\u4e3a\uff1a\u201c\u5706\u662f\u6240\u6709\u4e0e\u67d0\u4e00\u7ed9\u5b9a\u70b9\u8ddd\u79bb\u76f8\u7b49\u7684\u70b9\u7684\u8f68\u8ff9\u3002\u800c\u5173\u4e8e\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5706\u7684\u98df\u8c31\u5219\u4f1a\u5199\u6210\uff1a\u201c\u56fa\u5b9a\u5706\u89c4\u7684\u4e00\u811a\uff0c\u65cb\u8f6c\u53e6\u4e00\u811a\uff0c\u76f4\u5230\u5b83\u56de\u5230\u8d77\u70b9\u3002\u98df\u8c31\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u751f\u6210\u5177\u5907\u6240\u9700\u7279\u5f81\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\u7684\u624b\u6bb5\u3002\u5728\u7ec4\u7ec7\u4e2d\uff0c\u771f\u6b63\u56f0\u96be\u7684\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u534f\u8c03\u84dd\u56fe\u4e0e\u98df\u8c31\u3002\u56e0\u800c\uff0c\u7ec4\u7ec7\u9762\u4e34\u7684\u539f\u578b\u95ee\u9898\u662f\uff1a\u201c\u5bf9\u7ed9\u5b9a\u84dd\u56fe\uff0c\u4ec0\u4e48\u6837\u7684\u98df\u8c31\u624d\u80fd\u628a\u5b83\u751f\u4ea7\u51fa\u6765\uff1f\u201d\u800c\u5728\u7ec4\u7ec7\u5316\u7684\u8bed\u5883\u4e0b\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\u53d8\u6210\uff1a\u201c\u7ed9\u5b9a\u6211\u4eec\u4e00\u4e2a\u5408\u7406\u7684\uff0c\u88ab\u6211\u4eec\u5efa\u6784\u7684\u73af\u5883\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u8be5\u5982\u4f55\u751f\u4ea7\u5b83\uff1f<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\ud83d\udca1\u5b66\u4e60\u7b14\u8bb0\uff1a<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \n
  1. \u4e0d\u77e5\u4e3a\u4f55\uff0c\u8fd9\u6bb5\u6587\u5b57\u5728\u51fa\u7248\u7684\u4e2d\u6587\u7248\u4e2d\u53c8\u88ab\u62ff\u6389\u4e86\uff0c\u6709\u70b9\u53ef\u60dc\uff01\u8fd9\u4e00\u6bb5\uff0cWeick\u53c8\u8bf7\u51fa\u4e86\u897f\u8499\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u90a3\u4e2a\u62ff\u4e86\u8bfa\u8d1d\u5c14\u5956\u7684\u8d6b\u4f2f\u7279\u00b7\u897f\u8499\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u5bf9\u897f\u8499\u601d\u60f3\u7684\u5f15\u7533\uff0c\u63a2\u8ba8\u7ec4\u7ec7\u5982\u4f55\u901a\u8fc7\u884c\u52a8\u5c06\u62bd\u8c61\u76ee\u6807\uff08\u84dd\u56fe\u3001\u89c4\u5212\uff09\u8f6c\u5316\u4e3a\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  2. \u5bf9\u6bd4\u72b6\u6001\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e0e\u8fc7\u7a0b\u63cf\u8ff0\uff1a\u72b6\u6001\u63cf\u8ff0\u66f4\u591a\u6307\u72b6\u6001\u6216\u84dd\u56fe\uff0c\u5f80\u5f80\u662f\u9759\u6001\u7684\u3001\u5b9a\u4e49\u7684\u3001\u5c5e\u6027\u7684\u63cf\u8ff0\uff1b\u800c\u8fc7\u7a0b\u63cf\u8ff0\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\u6307\u7684\u5c31\u662f\u591a\u5efa\u6784\u8fc7\u7a0b\u7684\u63cf\u8ff0\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u98df\u8c31\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5f80\u5f80\u662f\u52a8\u6001\u7684\u3001\u6307\u4ee4\u6027\u7684\u3001\u5305\u62ec\u591a\u4e2a\u6b65\u9aa4\u7684\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  3. \u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u7406\u89e3\u897f\u8499\u7684\u8bdd\u662f\u5728\u8bf4\uff0c\u5355\u7eaf\u62e5\u6709\u84dd\u56fe\u4e0d\u8db3\u4ee5\u6539\u53d8\u73b0\u5b9e\uff0c\u800c\u53ea\u6709\u98df\u8c31\u624d\u5177\u6709\u64cd\u4f5c\u6027\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c06\u6f5c\u5728\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\u8f6c\u5316\u4e3a\u73b0\u5b9e\u3002Weick\u5f53\u7136\u8981\u5347\u534e\uff0c\u4ed6\u5c06\u897f\u8499\u7684\u8bba\u8ff0\u8f6c\u5316\u4e3a\uff1a\u9762\u5bf9\u7ec4\u7ec7\u6210\u5458\u7684\u884c\u52a8\u3001\u9009\u62e9\u548c\u4fdd\u7559\u8fc7\u7a0b\u5efa\u6784\u7684\u73af\u5883\uff0c\u5982\u4f55\u901a\u8fc7\u98df\u8c31\u5b9e\u73b0\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7684\u84dd\u56fe\uff1f<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n

    \u539f\u6587\uff1aThus, organizing resembles a grammar, code, or set of recipes. The physical world that people confront contains the raw materials that processes of mind will elaborate or simplify into diverse patterns for the sake of action. These activities of elaborating, simplifying, and patterning are collective activities in the case of organizing. Organizing involves shared recipes for building, and it involves arranging processes to cope with the equivocal nature of streams of experience. The processes themselves are also streams. They are social, and they involve multiple actors. The outcomes of organizing are reasonable interpretations of a slice of experience; these slices are treated as being amendable as well as prescriptive for future activities. Thus processes are assembled from flows, directed at flows, and summarize flows.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \u53c2\u8003\u5168\u6587\uff1a\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u7ec4\u7ec7\u6d3b\u52a8\u7c7b\u4f3c\u4e8e\u4e00\u79cd\u8bed\u6cd5\u3001\u4ee3\u7801\u6216\u4e00\u5957\u98df\u8c31\u3002\u4eba\u4eec\u6240\u9762\u5bf9\u7684\u7269\u7406\u4e16\u754c\u5305\u542b\u4e86\u539f\u59cb\u7684\u6750\u6599\uff0c\u4eba\u4eec\u7684\u601d\u7ef4\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e3a\u4e86\u884c\u52a8\u7684\u9700\u8981\uff0c\u5bf9\u8fd9\u4e9b\u539f\u59cb\u7684\u6750\u6599\u8fdb\u884c\u52a0\u5de5\u3001\u7b80\u5316\u6216\u5851\u9020\u6210\u591a\u6837\u7684\u6a21\u5f0f\u3002\u5728\u7ec4\u7ec7\u60c5\u5883\u4e0b\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u52a0\u5de5\u3001\u7b80\u5316\u548c\u6a21\u5f0f\u5316\u7684\u6d3b\u52a8\u662f\u96c6\u4f53\u6027\u7684\u3002\u7ec4\u7ec7\u5305\u542b\u4e86\u7528\u4e8e\u6784\u5efa\u7684\u5171\u4eab\u98df\u8c31\uff0c\u5e76\u6d89\u53ca\u901a\u8fc7\u8fc7\u7a0b\u5b89\u6392\u6765\u5e94\u5bf9\u7ecf\u9a8c\u6d41\u52a8\u7684\u6b67\u4e49\u6027\u3002\u6d41\u7a0b\u672c\u8eab\u4e5f\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u6d41\u52a8\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u5177\u6709\u793e\u4f1a\u6027\uff0c\u5e76\u6d89\u53ca\u591a\u4e2a\u53c2\u4e0e\u8005\u3002\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u662f\u5bf9\u67d0\u6bb5\u7ecf\u9a8c\u5207\u7247\u7684\u5408\u7406\u89e3\u91ca\uff1b\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5207\u7247\u65e2\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a\u53ef\u4fee\u6b63\u7684\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u4e5f\u5bf9\u672a\u6765\u7684\u6d3b\u52a8\u5177\u6709\u89c4\u8303\u4f5c\u7528\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u8fc7\u7a0b\u7531\u6d41\u7a0b\u6c47\u805a\u800c\u6210\uff0c\u6307\u5411\u6d41\u7a0b\uff0c\u5e76\u5bf9\u6d41\u7a0b\u8fdb\u884c\u603b\u7ed3\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \ud83d\udca1\u5b66\u4e60\u7b14\u8bb0\uff1a<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

      \n
    1. \u8fd9\u6bb5\u8bba\u8ff0\u6784\u6210Weick\u7ec4\u7ec7\u5efa\u6784\u7406\u8bba\u5173\u952e\uff0c\u5176\u6838\u5fc3\u89c2\u70b9\u662f\u5c06\u201c\u7ec4\u7ec7\u201d\u89c6\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u52a8\u6001\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff0c\u800c\u975e\u4e00\u4e2a\u9759\u6001\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\uff0c\u4f5c\u8005\u5c06\u7ec4\u7ec7\u6d3b\u52a8\u9690\u55bb\u4e3a\uff1a\u8bed\u6cd5\u3001\u4ee3\u7801\u4e0e\u98df\u8c31\u3002\u8bed\u6cd5\u4e0e\u4ee3\u7801\uff1a\u4f5c\u8005\u5c06\u7ec4\u7ec7\u6bd4\u4f5c\u4e00\u5957\u89c4\u5219\u7cfb\u7edf\u3002\u6b63\u5982\u8bed\u6cd5\u51b3\u5b9a\u4e86\u5355\u8bcd\u5982\u4f55\u7ec4\u6210\u53e5\u5b50\uff0c\u7ec4\u7ec7\u4e2d\u7684\u89c4\u5219\u51b3\u5b9a\u4e86\u6210\u5458\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u5982\u4f55\u76f8\u4e92\u5173\u8054\u5e76\u4ea7\u751f\u610f\u4e49\u3002\u98df\u8c31\uff1a\u8fd9\u6697\u793a\u4e86\u7ec4\u7ec7\u77e5\u8bc6\u7684\u5de5\u5177\u6027\u548c\u884c\u52a8\u5bfc\u5411\u3002\u5b83\u4e0d\u4ec5\u662f\u7406\u8bba\uff0c\u66f4\u662f\u6307\u5bfc\u96c6\u4f53\u5982\u4f55\u5c06\u201c\u539f\u6750\u6599\u201d\uff08\u4fe1\u606f\u3001\u73af\u5883\uff09\u8f6c\u5316\u4e3a\u201c\u4ea7\u51fa\u201d\uff08\u51b3\u7b56\u3001\u89e3\u91ca\uff09\u7684\u884c\u52a8\u6307\u5357\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n
    2. \u7269\u7406\u4e16\u754c\u662f\u6742\u4e71\u4e14\u5177\u6709\u6b67\u4e49\u7684\u3002\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7684\u672c\u8d28\u804c\u80fd\u5728\u4e8e\u901a\u8fc7\u6d3b\u52a8\u51cf\u5c11\u4e0d\u786e\u5b9a\u6027\u5e26\u6765\u7684\u4e71\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u201c\u52a0\u5de5\u3001\u7b80\u5316\u548c\u6a21\u5f0f\u5316\u201d\uff0c\u5c06\u6df7\u4e71\u7684\u539f\u59cb\u6570\u636e\u8f6c\u5316\u4e3a\u53ef\u7406\u89e3\u3001\u53ef\u64cd\u4f5c\u7684\u6a21\u5f0f\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n
    3. Weick\u8ba4\u4e3a\u7ec4\u7ec7\u4e0d\u662f\u5b9e\u4f53\u7684\u7ec4\u5408\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u6d41\u52a8\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u3002\u7ec4\u7ec7\u5e76\u975e\u4e2a\u4eba\u7684\u5fc3\u7406\u6d3b\u52a8\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u591a\u65b9\u53c2\u4e0e\u8005\u901a\u8fc7\u793e\u4f1a\u4e92\u52a8\u5171\u540c\u6784\u5efa\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u3002\u800c\u7ec4\u7ec7\u65e0\u6cd5\u5904\u7406\u73b0\u5b9e\u7684\u5168\u90e8\uff0c\u53ea\u80fd\u9009\u53d6\u7247\u6bb5\u8fdb\u884c\u89e3\u91ca\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n

      \u603b\u4e4b\uff0cWeick\u5728\u672c\u5c0f\u8282\u7684\u6700\u540e\u5f3a\u8c03\uff0c\u7ec4\u7ec7\u771f\u6b63\u9762\u5bf9\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u5e76\u4e0d\u4ec5\u4ec5\u662f\u4e0d\u786e\u5b9a\u6027\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u540c\u4e00\u73b0\u5b9e\u53ef\u80fd\u5b58\u5728\u591a\u79cd\u89e3\u91ca\uff08\u6b67\u4e49\u6027\uff09\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\u5e02\u573a\u53d8\u5316\u65e2\u53ef\u80fd\u610f\u5473\u7740\u5371\u673a\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u80fd\u610f\u5473\u7740\u673a\u4f1a\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u7ec4\u7ec7\u5316\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u4efb\u52a1\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u901a\u8fc7\u5171\u4eab\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e0d\u65ad\u51cf\u5c11\u8fd9\u79cd\u591a\u4e49\u6027\uff0c\u5e76\u5f62\u6210\u201c\u5408\u7406\u89e3\u91ca\u201d\u3002\u4f46\u8fd9\u4e9b\u89e3\u91ca\u5e76\u975e\u771f\u7406\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u65e2\u4f1a\u6307\u5bfc\u672a\u6765\u884c\u52a8\uff0c\u53c8\u59cb\u7ec8\u88ab\u4e0d\u65ad\u4fee\u6b63\u3002\u6700\u540e\uff0cWeick\u7528\u4e00\u53e5\u6781\u5177\u6982\u62ec\u6027\u7684\u8bdd\u603b\u7ed3\uff1a\u8fc7\u7a0b\u6765\u6e90\u4e8e\u6d41\u52a8\u3001\u4f5c\u7528\u4e8e\u6d41\u7a0b\uff0c\u4e5f\u6982\u62ec\u4e86\u6d41\u7a0b\u3002\u8fd9\u610f\u5473\u7740\uff0c\u7ec4\u7ec7\u672c\u8eab\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u7a33\u5b9a\u5b58\u5728\u7269\uff0c\u800c\u53ea\u662f\u6d41\u52a8\u4e2d\u7684\u6682\u65f6\u79e9\u5e8f\u4e0e\u9636\u6bb5\u6027\u7a33\u5b9a\u7ed3\u6784\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      Mutate Metaphors<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

      \u9690\u55bb\u7684\u6f14\u53d8<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

      \u539f\u6587\uff1aMetaphors are abundant in organizational theory; organizations have variously been portrayed as anarchies (Cohen and March 1974), seesaws (Hedberg, Nystrom, and Starbuck 1976), space stations (Weick 1977), garbage cans (Cohen, March, and Olsen 1972), savage tribes (Turner 1977), octopoid (Geertz 1973), marketplaces (Georgiou 1973), and data processing schedules (Borovits and Segev 1977). Diverse as they are, each metaphor has articulated some property of organizations that might otherwise have gone unnoticed (Fernandez 1972). And we judge this articulation to be crucial.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      \u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\uff1a\u9690\u55bb\u5728\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7406\u8bba\u4e2d\u968f\u5904\u53ef\u89c1\u3002\u7ec4\u7ec7\u66fe\u88ab\u5404\u79cd\u5404\u6837\u5730\u63cf\u7ed8\u4e3a\uff1a\u65e0\u653f\u5e9c\u72b6\u6001\u3001\u8df7\u8df7\u677f\u3001\u7a7a\u95f4\u7ad9\u3001\u5783\u573e\u6876\u3001\u539f\u59cb\u90e8\u843d\u3001\u7ae0\u9c7c\u578b\u7ed3\u6784\u3001\u5e02\u573a\u4ee5\u53ca\u6570\u636e\u5904\u7406\u8fdb\u5ea6\u8868\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u8fd9\u4e9b\u9690\u55bb\u5404\u4e0d\u76f8\u540c\uff0c\u4f46\u6bcf\u4e00\u4e2a\u90fd\u6e05\u6670\u5730\u9610\u8ff0\u4e86\u7ec4\u7ec7\u4e2d\u67d0\u4e9b\u82e5\u975e\u5982\u6b64\u4fbf\u53ef\u80fd\u88ab\u5ffd\u89c6\u7684\u7279\u6027\u3002\u800c\u6211\u4eec\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u6e05\u6670\u7684\u8868\u8ff0\u81f3\u5173\u91cd\u8981\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      \ud83d\udca1\u5b66\u4e60\u7b14\u8bb0\uff1a<\/strong>
      \u5728\u8fd9\u6bb5\u8bdd\u4e2d\uff0cWeick\u63a2\u8ba8\u4e86\u9690\u55bb\u4f5c\u4e3a\u7814\u7a76\u5de5\u5177\u5728\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7406\u8bba\u4e2d\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u5730\u4f4d\u3002\u5176\u903b\u8f91\u5728\u4e8e\uff1a\u7ec4\u7ec7\u672c\u8eab\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u9ad8\u5ea6\u62bd\u8c61\u3001\u52a8\u6001\u4e14\u590d\u6742\u7684\u5de8\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u63cf\u8ff0\u5f80\u5f80\u96be\u4ee5\u89e6\u53ca\u672c\u8d28\uff0c\u800c\u9690\u55bb\u80fd\u901a\u8fc7\u201c\u501f\u4ee3\u201d\u6765\u63ed\u793a\u6df1\u5c42\u903b\u8f91\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      1. \u5178\u578b\u9690\u55bb\u53ca\u5176\u80cc\u540e\u7684\u7ba1\u7406\u5b66\u903b\u8f91<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      \u6587\u672c\u4e2d\u63d0\u5230\u7684\u6bcf\u4e00\u4e2a\u9690\u55bb\u90fd\u5bf9\u5e94\u7740\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u6d41\u6d3e\uff1a\u5783\u573e\u6876\uff1a\u6700\u4e3a\u7ecf\u5178\uff0c\u6307\u4ee3\u5728\u9ad8\u5ea6\u4e0d\u786e\u5b9a\u7684\u7ec4\u7ec7\u4e2d\uff0c\u51b3\u7b56\u5f80\u5f80\u662f\u201c\u95ee\u9898\u3001\u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6848\u3001\u53c2\u4e0e\u8005\u548c\u51b3\u7b56\u673a\u4f1a\u201d\u5076\u7136\u78b0\u649e\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\uff0c\u800c\u975e\u7406\u6027\u7684\u7ebf\u6027\u8fc7\u7a0b\u3002\u8df7\u8df7\u677f\uff1a\u5f3a\u8c03\u7ec4\u7ec7\u5728\u52a8\u6001\u73af\u5883\u4e2d\u7684\u5e73\u8861\u4e0e\u5931\u8861\uff0c\u6697\u793a\u7ec4\u7ec7\u5fc5\u987b\u5728\u7a33\u5b9a\u6027\u4e0e\u7075\u6d3b\u6027\u4e4b\u95f4\u4e0d\u65ad\u6447\u6446\u3002\u65e0\u653f\u5e9c\u72b6\u6001\uff1a\u4e3b\u8981\u6307\u6709\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7684\u65e0\u653f\u5e9c\u72b6\u6001\uff08Organized Anarchies\uff09\uff0c\u63cf\u8ff0\u76ee\u6807\u6a21\u7cca\u3001\u624b\u6bb5\u4e0d\u660e\u3001\u53c2\u4e0e\u7a0b\u5ea6\u6d41\u52a8\u7684\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7279\u5f81\u3002\u7a7a\u95f4\u7ad9\uff1a\u8fd9\u662fWeick\u7684\u5178\u578b\u89c6\u89d2\uff0c\u5f3a\u8c03\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7684\u8106\u5f31\u6027\u3001\u9ad8\u5ea6\u76f8\u4e92\u4f9d\u8d56\u6027\u4ee5\u53ca\u5bf9\u73af\u5883\u7684\u611f\u77e5\u4e0e\u9002\u5e94\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      2. \u9690\u55bb\u7684\u529f\u80fd\uff1a\u4ece\u201c\u4e0d\u53ef\u89c1\u201d\u5230\u201c\u53ef\u89c1\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      \u4f5c\u8005\u6307\u51fa\u9690\u55bb\u80fd\u6316\u6398\u51fa\u201c\u53ef\u80fd\u88ab\u5ffd\u89c6\u7684\u7279\u6027\u201d\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u4eba\u4eec\u53d7\u9650\u4e8e\u601d\u7ef4\u5b9a\u5f0f\uff0c\u9690\u55bb\u50cf\u662f\u4e00\u628a\u624b\u672f\u5200\uff0c\u5207\u5f00\u4e86\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7684\u5e38\u89c4\u8868\u8c61\uff0c\u8ba9\u7ba1\u7406\u4eba\u5458\u770b\u5230\u7ed3\u6784\u4e4b\u4e0b\u7684\u6587\u5316\u3001\u5fc3\u7406\u548c\u975e\u7406\u6027\u8fd0\u4f5c\u3002\u79d1\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u4e0d\u4ec5\u9700\u8981\u53d1\u73b0\u73b0\u8c61\uff0c\u66f4\u9700\u8981\u51c6\u786e\u5730\u547d\u540d\u548c\u63cf\u8ff0\u73b0\u8c61\u3002\u9690\u55bb\u4e3a\u590d\u6742\u7684\u7ba1\u7406\u73b0\u8c61\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u6613\u4e8e\u7406\u89e3\u7684\u8bcd\u6c47\u8868\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u8de8\u9886\u57df\u7684\u8ba8\u8bba\u6210\u4e3a\u53ef\u80fd\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      3. \u7406\u8bba\u6f14\u8fdb\u7684\u54f2\u5b66<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      \u6807\u9898 “Mutate Metaphors”\uff08\u9690\u55bb\u7684\u6f14\u53d8\/\u7a81\u53d8\uff09\u6697\u793a\u4e86\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7406\u8bba\u4e0d\u662f\u4e00\u6210\u4e0d\u53d8\u7684\u516c\u5f0f\u3002\u968f\u7740\u793e\u4f1a\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5f62\u6001\u7684\u53d8\u5316\uff08\u4ece\u5de5\u4e1a\u65f6\u4ee3\u5230\u4fe1\u606f\u65f6\u4ee3\uff0c\u518d\u5230 AI \u9a71\u52a8\u7684\u65f6\u4ee3\uff09\uff0c\u63cf\u8ff0\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7684\u9690\u55bb\u4e5f\u5728\u4e0d\u65ad\u6f14\u5316\u2014\u2014\u4ece\u65e9\u671f\u7684\u201c\u673a\u68b0\/\u5de5\u5382\u201d\u8f6c\u5411\u201c\u751f\u7269\/\u7f51\u7edc\u201d\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u662f\u73b0\u5728\u7684\u201c\u7b97\u6cd5\/\u6d41\u201d\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      \u9690\u55bb\u7c7b\u578b\u603b\u7ed3<\/p>\n\n\n

      \n
      \"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n

      \u8fd9\u79cd\u901a\u8fc7\u9690\u55bb\u6765\u7406\u89e3\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u8bba\uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u5f71\u54cd\u4e86\u540e\u6765\u7684\u7ba1\u7406\u54a8\u8be2\u5b9e\u8df5\uff08\u5982\u9ea6\u80af\u9521\u76847S\u6a21\u578b\u6216\u7cfb\u7edf\u601d\u8003\uff09\u3002\u5728\u9762\u5bf9\u590d\u6742\u7cfb\u7edf\u65f6\uff0c\u5bfb\u627e\u4e00\u4e2a\u7cbe\u51c6\u7684\u9690\u55bb\u5f80\u5f80\u662f\u6784\u5efa\u7ba1\u7406\u6a21\u578b\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b65\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      \u539f\u6587\uff1aMetaphor is defined as a “figure of speech in which a term is transferred from the object it ordinarily designates to an object it may designate only by implicit comparison or analogy, as in the phrase, evening of life” (American Heritage Dictionary, 1976, p. 825). Metaphor supplies language with flexibility, expressibility, and a way to expand the language (Billow 1977). Many theorists agree with Ortony (1975) that metaphors are necessary, and not just nice.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      \u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\uff1a\u9690\u55bb\u88ab\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e3a\u4e00\u79cd\u201c\u4fee\u8f9e\u624b\u6cd5\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u542b\u84c4\u7684\u6bd4\u8f83\u6216\u7c7b\u6bd4\uff0c\u5c06\u4e00\u4e2a\u672f\u8bed\u4ece\u5176\u901a\u5e38\u6307\u4ee3\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\u8f6c\u79fb\u5230\u5b83\u53ef\u80fd\u6307\u4ee3\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\u4e0a\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u2018\u751f\u547d\u7684\u9ec4\u660f\u2019\u8fd9\u4e00\u77ed\u8bed\u201d\u3002\u9690\u55bb\u8d4b\u4e88\u4e86\u8bed\u8a00\u7075\u6d3b\u6027\u3001\u8868\u73b0\u529b\u4ee5\u53ca\u4e00\u79cd\u6269\u5f20\u8bed\u8a00\u8fb9\u754c\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002\u8bb8\u591a\u7406\u8bba\u5bb6\u8d5e\u540c\u5965\u6258\u5c3c\u7684\u89c2\u70b9\uff0c\u5373\u9690\u55bb\u662f\u4e0d\u53ef\u6216\u7f3a\u7684\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u4ec5\u4ec5\u662f\u9526\u4e0a\u6dfb\u82b1\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      \ud83d\udca1\u5b66\u4e60\u7b14\u8bb0\uff1a<\/strong>
      \u8fd9\u6bb5\u8bba\u8ff0\u662fWeick\u4ece\u8bed\u8a00\u5b66\u548c\u8ba4\u77e5\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\uff0c\u4e3a\u201c\u9690\u55bb\u201d\u5728\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7406\u8bba\u4e2d\u7684\u5408\u6cd5\u6027\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u5e95\u5c42\u652f\u6491\u3002\u5b83\u5f3a\u8c03\u9690\u55bb\u5e76\u975e\u6587\u5b66\u4fee\u9970\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u4eba\u7c7b\u8ba4\u77e5\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u5de5\u5177\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      1. \u9690\u55bb\u7684\u673a\u5236\uff1a\u672f\u8bed\u7684\u201c\u8f6c\u79fb\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      \u9690\u55bb\u7684\u672c\u8d28\u662f\u5c06\u4e00\u4e2a\u719f\u6089\u7684\u9886\u57df\uff08\u6e90\u57df\uff0c\u5982\u201c\u9ec4\u660f\u201d\uff09\u7684\u7279\u5f81\uff0c\u6620\u5c04\u5230\u4e00\u4e2a\u964c\u751f\u7684\u9886\u57df\uff08\u76ee\u6807\u57df\uff0c\u5982\u201c\u665a\u5e74\u201d\uff09\u3002\u9690\u542b\u6bd4\u8f83\uff1a\u5b83\u4e0d\u4f7f\u7528\u201c\u50cf\u201d\u6216\u201c\u7c7b\u201d\u8fd9\u79cd\u663e\u6027\u8bcd\u6c47\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u901a\u8fc7\u4e00\u79cd\u76f4\u63a5\u7684\u201c\u66ff\u4ee3\u201d\uff0c\u5f3a\u8feb\u5927\u8111\u5728\u4e24\u4e2a\u770b\u4f3c\u65e0\u5173\u7684\u4e8b\u7269\u4e4b\u95f4\u5efa\u7acb\u6df1\u523b\u7684\u903b\u8f91\u8054\u7cfb\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      2. \u9690\u55bb\u7684\u4e09\u5927\u529f\u80fd<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      \u8bed\u8a00\u662f\u6709\u9650\u7684\uff0c\u4f46\u73b0\u5b9e\u662f\u65e0\u9650\u7684\u3002\u9690\u55bb\u8ba9\u6709\u9650\u7684\u8bcd\u6c47\u80fd\u591f\u5e94\u5bf9\u591a\u53d8\u7684\u8bed\u5883\u3002\u6709\u4e9b\u590d\u6742\u7684\u611f\u53d7\u6216\u7ec4\u7ec7\u52a8\u6001\uff08\u5982\u201c\u7ec4\u7ec7\u6587\u5316\u7684\u7c98\u6027\u201d\uff09\u5f88\u96be\u901a\u8fc7\u4e25\u8c28\u7684\u672f\u8bed\u7cbe\u786e\u8868\u8fbe\uff0c\u9690\u55bb\u80fd\u77ac\u95f4\u4f20\u8fbe\u51fa\u4e30\u5bcc\u7684\u611f\u5b98\u548c\u60c5\u7eea\u4fe1\u606f\u3002\u5f53\u65b0\u4e8b\u7269\u51fa\u73b0\uff08\u5982\u201c\u4e92\u8054\u7f51\u751f\u6001\u201d\u3001\u201c\u7ba1\u7406\u9ed1\u6d1e\u201d\uff09\uff0c\u9690\u55bb\u662f\u521b\u9020\u65b0\u6982\u5ff5\u3001\u62d3\u5c55\u4eba\u7c7b\u601d\u7ef4\u8fb9\u754c\u7684\u6700\u5feb\u9014\u5f84\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      3. \u201c\u5fc5\u8981\u201d\u800c\u975e\u4ec5\u4ec5\u201c\u9526\u4e0a\u6dfb\u82b1\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      \u8fd9\u662f\u8fd9\u6bb5\u6587\u5b57\u6700\u5173\u952e\u7684\u8bba\u70b9\uff0c\u6765\u6e90\u4e8e Andrew Ortony \u7684\u8457\u540d\u8bba\u6587\u3002\u5176\u6df1\u5c42\u542b\u4e49\u5305\u62ec\uff1a\u67d0\u4e9b\u771f\u7406\u6216\u590d\u6742\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u903b\u8f91\u53ea\u80fd\u901a\u8fc7\u9690\u55bb\u6765\u7406\u89e3\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6ca1\u6709\u9690\u55bb\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u751a\u81f3\u65e0\u6cd5\u601d\u8003\u90a3\u4e9b\u9ad8\u5ea6\u62bd\u8c61\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u3002\u5728\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7ba1\u7406\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u7cbe\u51c6\u7684\u9690\u55bb\uff08\u5982\u201c\u654f\u6377\u5f00\u53d1\u201d\uff09\u6bd4\u957f\u8fbe\u767e\u9875\u7684\u8bf4\u660e\u4e66\u66f4\u80fd\u8ba9\u56e2\u961f\u8fbe\u6210\u5171\u8bc6\u3002\u5b83\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u6781\u9ad8\u5bc6\u5ea6\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u538b\u7f29\u6280\u672f\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      \u903b\u8f91\u603b\u7ed3<\/p>\n\n\n

      \n
      \"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n

      \u5728\u7ba1\u7406\u5b9e\u8df5\u4e2d\uff0c\u9690\u55bb\u662f\u201c\u89e3\u6784\u590d\u6742\u6027\u201d\u7684\u5229\u5668\u3002\u5b83\u4e0d\u4ec5\u662f\u8bb2\u6545\u4e8b\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u66f4\u662f\u89c2\u5bdf\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u89c6\u89d2\u3002\u5f53\u6211\u4eec\u628a\u7ec4\u7ec7\u770b\u4f5c\u201c\u673a\u5668\u201d\u65f6\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5173\u6ce8\u7684\u662f\u6548\u7387\u4e0e\u96f6\u4ef6\uff1b\u5f53\u6211\u4eec\u628a\u5b83\u770b\u4f5c\u201c\u5927\u8111\u201d\u65f6\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5173\u6ce8\u7684\u662f\u4fe1\u606f\u53cd\u9988\u4e0e\u5b66\u4e60\u80fd\u529b\u3002<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

      \u63a5\u4e0a\u671f\uff1a\u300a\u7ec4\u7ec7\u793e\u4f1a\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u300b\u5b66\u4e60\u7b14\u8bb0 043 \u539f\u6587\uff1aSimon’s (1962) treatment … <\/p>\n

      \u7ee7\u7eed\u9605\u8bfb\u201c\u300a\u7ec4\u7ec7\u793e\u4f1a\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u300b\u5b66\u4e60\u7b14\u8bb0 044\u201d<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/mooda.com.cn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1522"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/mooda.com.cn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/mooda.com.cn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mooda.com.cn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mooda.com.cn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=1522"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/mooda.com.cn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1522\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1525,"href":"https:\/\/mooda.com.cn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1522\/revisions\/1525"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/mooda.com.cn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=1522"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}