{"id":1480,"date":"2026-06-12T15:50:54","date_gmt":"2026-06-12T07:50:54","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/mooda.com.cn\/?page_id=1480"},"modified":"2026-06-12T15:50:54","modified_gmt":"2026-06-12T07:50:54","slug":"%e3%80%8a%e7%bb%84%e7%bb%87%e7%a4%be%e4%bc%9a%e5%bf%83%e7%90%86%e5%ad%a6%e3%80%8b%e5%ad%a6%e4%b9%a0%e7%ac%94%e8%ae%b0-040","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/mooda.com.cn\/?page_id=1480","title":{"rendered":"\u300a\u7ec4\u7ec7\u793e\u4f1a\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u300b\u5b66\u4e60\u7b14\u8bb0 040"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

\u63a5\u4e0a\u671f\uff1a<\/em>\u300a\u7ec4\u7ec7\u793e\u4f1a\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u300b\u5b66\u4e60\u7b14\u8bb0 039<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u539f\u6587\uff1aAs Vickers points out, processes are elusive, and difficult to describe. That doesn’t make them any less important since, as Vickers also notes, streams, flows, and changes are the essence of what managers manage. It is the very difficulty of comprehending processes that leads managers, in frustration, into spine-counting and other static pasttimes. When they mistake these snapshots for the important realities in organizations, the probabilities increase that they will tinker with the wrong things, destroy natural controls that are in place, and basically meddle the organization into a mess. In the language of the following chapter, insensitivity to process promotes the destruction of deviation-counteracting causal relationships.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\uff1a\u6b63\u5982\u7ef4\u514b\u65af\u6307\u51fa\u7684\uff0c\u8fc7\u7a0b\u662f\u96be\u4ee5\u6349\u6478\u3001\u4e5f\u96be\u4ee5\u63cf\u8ff0\u7684\u3002\u4f46\u8fd9\u5e76\u4e0d\u4f1a\u964d\u4f4e\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u6027\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u6b63\u5982\u7ef4\u514b\u65af\u540c\u6837\u5f3a\u8c03\u7684\u90a3\u6837\uff0c\u6d41\u3001\u6d41\u52a8\u4e0e\u53d8\u5316\u6070\u6070\u6784\u6210\u4e86\u7ba1\u7406\u8005\u6240\u7ba1\u7406\u4e8b\u7269\u7684\u672c\u8d28\u3002\u6b63\u662f\u7531\u4e8e\u8fc7\u7a0b\u96be\u4ee5\u7406\u89e3\uff0c\u7ba1\u7406\u8005\u5728\u632b\u8d25\u611f\u4e2d\uff0c\u624d\u4f1a\u8f6c\u5411\u201c\u6570\u6905\u80cc\u201d\u4e4b\u7c7b\u9759\u6001\u5316\u6d88\u9063\u3002\u800c\u5f53\u4ed6\u4eec\u8bef\u628a\u8fd9\u4e9b\u201c\u5feb\u7167\u5f0f\u56fe\u50cf\u201d\u5f53\u6210\u7ec4\u7ec7\u4e2d\u7684\u771f\u5b9e\u91cd\u8981\u73b0\u5b9e\u65f6\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u5c31\u66f4\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u53bb\u5e72\u9884\u9519\u8bef\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\uff0c\u7834\u574f\u7ec4\u7ec7\u4e2d\u539f\u672c\u5df2\u7ecf\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u81ea\u7136\u63a7\u5236\u673a\u5236\uff0c\u5e76\u6700\u7ec8\u628a\u7ec4\u7ec7\u6405\u6210\u4e00\u56e2\u6df7\u4e71\u3002\u7528\u4e0b\u4e00\u7ae0\u7684\u672f\u8bed\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u5bf9\u8fc7\u7a0b\u7f3a\u4e4f\u654f\u611f\u6027\uff0c\u4f1a\u4fc3\u4f7f\u4eba\u4eec\u7834\u574f\u90a3\u4e9b\u201c\u62b5\u6d88\u504f\u5dee\u7684\u56e0\u679c\u5173\u7cfb\u201d\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\ud83d\udca1\u5b66\u4e60\u7b14\u8bb0\uff1a<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \n
  1. \u8fd9\u4e00\u6bb5\u4e2d\uff0cWeick\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u6df1\u5316\u4e86\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7684\u201c\u8fc7\u7a0b\u89c2\u201d\u3002\u5728\u7ef4\u514b\u65af\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u4e0a\uff0cWeick\u6307\u51fa\uff1a\u771f\u6b63\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u7ec4\u7ec7\u73b0\u5b9e\uff0c\u5f80\u5f80\u4e0d\u662f\u7ed3\u6784\u3001\u6307\u6807\u4e0e\u9759\u6001\u5bf9\u8c61\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u90a3\u4e9b\u96be\u4ee5\u6349\u6478\u3001\u6301\u7eed\u53d8\u5316\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u3002\u7ec4\u7ec7\u4e2d\u7684\u534f\u8c03\u3001\u4fe1\u4efb\u3001\u6743\u529b\u3001\u4fe1\u606f\u4f20\u64ad\u4e0e\u95ee\u9898\u89e3\u51b3\uff0c\u672c\u8d28\u4e0a\u90fd\u5c5e\u4e8e\u52a8\u6001\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u56fa\u5b9a\u5b9e\u4f53\u3002\u4f46\u95ee\u9898\u5728\u4e8e\uff0c\u8fc7\u7a0b\u5929\u7136\u5177\u6709\u6d41\u52a8\u6027\u4e0e\u590d\u6742\u6027\uff0c\u96be\u4ee5\u50cf\u8d22\u52a1\u6570\u636e\u6216\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7ed3\u6784\u56fe\u90a3\u6837\u88ab\u6e05\u6670\u63cf\u8ff0\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u201c\u4e0d\u6613\u88ab\u63a7\u5236\u201d\u7684\u7279\u5f81\uff0c\u4f1a\u4f7f\u7ba1\u7406\u8005\u4ea7\u751f\u5f3a\u70c8\u632b\u8d25\u611f\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  2. \u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5f88\u591a\u7ba1\u7406\u8005\u4f1a\u8f6c\u5411Weick\u8bbd\u523a\u6027\u7684\u201c\u6570\u6905\u80cc\u201d\u884c\u4e3a\uff0c\u5373\u6c89\u8ff7\u4e8e\u5404\u79cd\u5bb9\u6613\u91cf\u5316\u7684\u9759\u6001\u6307\u6807\u3002\u4f8b\u5982KPI\u3001\u62a5\u8868\u3001\u4eba\u5458\u6570\u91cf\u3001\u6d41\u7a0b\u56fe\u4e0e\u7ec4\u7ec7\u5c42\u7ea7\u7b49\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5185\u5bb9\u867d\u7136\u53ef\u89c1\u3001\u7a33\u5b9a\u3001\u6613\u4e8e\u7edf\u8ba1\uff0c\u5374\u5f80\u5f80\u53ea\u662f\u7ec4\u7ec7\u67d0\u4e00\u65f6\u523b\u7684\u201c\u5feb\u7167\u201d\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u771f\u6b63\u63a8\u52a8\u7ec4\u7ec7\u8fd0\u884c\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u672c\u8eab\u3002\u95ee\u9898\u5728\u4e8e\uff0c\u4e00\u65e6\u7ba1\u7406\u8005\u8bef\u628a\u8fd9\u4e9b\u9759\u6001\u622a\u9762\u5f53\u6210\u7ec4\u7ec7\u73b0\u5b9e\uff0c\u5c31\u5bb9\u6613\u5bf9\u9519\u8bef\u5bf9\u8c61\u8fdb\u884c\u5e72\u9884\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\u8fc7\u5ea6\u4f18\u5316\u6307\u6807\u3001\u5f3a\u5316\u6d41\u7a0b\u63a7\u5236\u3001\u589e\u52a0\u76d1\u7763\u673a\u5236\uff0c\u7ed3\u679c\u53cd\u800c\u7834\u574f\u7ec4\u7ec7\u5185\u90e8\u539f\u672c\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u81ea\u7136\u8c03\u8282\u80fd\u529b\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  3. Weick\u7279\u522b\u5f3a\u8c03\uff0c\u7ec4\u7ec7\u5185\u90e8\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u5b58\u5728\u5927\u91cf\u201c\u81ea\u7136\u63a7\u5236\u673a\u5236\u201d\uff0c\u5373\u7cfb\u7edf\u81ea\u8eab\u5f62\u6210\u7684\u504f\u5dee\u4fee\u6b63\u80fd\u529b\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\u56e2\u961f\u4e2d\u7684\u9ed8\u5951\u534f\u4f5c\u3001\u975e\u6b63\u5f0f\u6c9f\u901a\u3001\u81ea\u53d1\u8865\u4f4d\u4e0e\u7ecf\u9a8c\u60ef\u4f8b\u7b49\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u80fd\u591f\u5728\u7ec4\u7ec7\u8fd0\u884c\u4e2d\u81ea\u52a8\u7f13\u51b2\u6ce2\u52a8\u3001\u7ef4\u6301\u7a33\u5b9a\u3002\u4ece\u7cfb\u7edf\u8bba\u89d2\u5ea6\u770b\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u90fd\u5c5e\u4e8e\u201c\u62b5\u6d88\u504f\u5dee\u7684\u56e0\u679c\u5173\u7cfb\u201d\uff0c\u5373\u8d1f\u53cd\u9988\u673a\u5236\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u7f3a\u4e4f\u8fc7\u7a0b\u654f\u611f\u6027\u7684\u7ba1\u7406\u8005\uff0c\u5f80\u5f80\u4f1a\u56e0\u4e3a\u8fd9\u4e9b\u673a\u5236\u201c\u4e0d\u591f\u6b63\u5f0f\u201d\u6216\u201c\u96be\u4ee5\u91cf\u5316\u201d\u800c\u5c06\u5176\u7834\u574f\u3002\u6700\u7ec8\uff0c\u7ec4\u7ec7\u867d\u7136\u5728\u8868\u9762\u4e0a\u53d8\u5f97\u66f4\u52a0\u89c4\u8303\uff0c\u5374\u5931\u53bb\u4e86\u771f\u6b63\u7ef4\u6301\u7a33\u5b9a\u4e0e\u9002\u5e94\u6027\u7684\u80fd\u529b\u3002Weick\u501f\u6b64\u63d0\u9192\u7ba1\u7406\u8005\uff1a\u771f\u6b63\u5371\u9669\u7684\uff0c\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u7ec4\u7ec7\u4e2d\u7684\u590d\u6742\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u7ba1\u7406\u8005\u56e0\u4e3a\u65e0\u6cd5\u7406\u89e3\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff0c\u800c\u5f3a\u884c\u6253\u4e71\uff0c\u9000\u56de\u5230\u9759\u6001\u6307\u6807\u3001KPI\u3001\u673a\u68b0\u63a7\u5236\u7b49\u778e\u6298\u817e\u7684\u72b6\u6001\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n

    \u539f\u6587\uff1aIt is the very fact that processes elude both researchers and managers, which makes it more important for us to suggest ways in which people can gain at least intellectual control over this property of organizations.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \u53c2\u8003\u5168\u6587\uff1a\u6b63\u56e0\u4e3a\u8fc7\u7a0b\u65e0\u8bba\u5bf9\u4e8e\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u8fd8\u662f\u7ba1\u7406\u8005\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u90fd\u662f\u96be\u4ee5\u6349\u6478\u7684\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u624d\u66f4\u6709\u5fc5\u8981\u53bb\u63d0\u51fa\u4e00\u4e9b\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u4f7f\u4eba\u4eec\u81f3\u5c11\u80fd\u591f\u5728\u667a\u8bc6\u5c42\u9762\u4e0a\uff0c\u5bf9\u7ec4\u7ec7\u8fd9\u4e00\u7279\u6027\u83b7\u5f97\u67d0\u79cd\u63a7\u5236\u4e0e\u7406\u89e3\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \u539f\u6587\uff1aFigure 2.2, “read” from left to right, shows a process. That figure portrays a “schematic representation of a unicellular animal moving from one spot to another by extending a tubular pseudopod and pulling itself up through this extended capillary (Von Foerster 1967, p. 869).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \u53c2\u8003\u5168\u6587\uff1a\u56fe2.2\u5982\u679c\u4ece\u5de6\u5411\u53f3\u201c\u9605\u8bfb\u201d\uff0c\u5448\u73b0\u7684\u5c31\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u8fc7\u7a0b\u3002\u8be5\u56fe\u63cf\u7ed8\u7684\u662f\uff1a\u201c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5355\u7ec6\u80de\u751f\u7269\u4ece\u4e00\u4e2a\u4f4d\u7f6e\u79fb\u52a8\u5230\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u4f4d\u7f6e\u7684\u793a\u610f\u56fe\u3002\u5b83\u901a\u8fc7\u4f38\u5c55\u51fa\u4e00\u4e2a\u7ba1\u72b6\u4f2a\u8db3\uff0c\u5e76\u6cbf\u7740\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5ef6\u4f38\u51fa\u7684\u6bdb\u7ec6\u901a\u9053\u628a\u81ea\u8eab\u7275\u5f15\u8fc7\u53bb\u3002\u201d
    <\/p>\n\n\n

    \n
    \"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n


    \ud83d\udca1\u5b66\u4e60\u7b14\u8bb0\uff1a<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

      \n
    1. \u8fd9\u4e00\u6bb5\u4e2d\uff0cWeick\u501f\u7528\u798f\u65af\u7279\u5173\u4e8e\u5355\u7ec6\u80de\u751f\u7269\u8fd0\u52a8\u7684\u56fe\u50cf\uff0c\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u8bf4\u660e\u201c\u7ec4\u7ec7\u8fc7\u7a0b\u201d\u5e94\u5982\u4f55\u88ab\u7406\u89e3\u3002\u6d77\u56e0\u8328\u00b7\u51af\u00b7\u798f\u65af\u7279\uff08Heinz von Foerster\uff0c1911\u5e7411\u670813\u65e5\uff0d2002\u5e7410\u67082\u65e5\uff09\u662f\u5965\u5730\u5229\u88d4\u7f8e\u56fd\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u5bb6\u3001\u63a7\u5236\u8bba\u5b66\u8005\u4e0e\u54f2\u5b66\u5bb6\uff0c\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a\u201c\u7b2c\u4e8c\u9636\u63a7\u5236\u8bba\u201d\u4e0e\u201c\u6fc0\u8fdb\u5efa\u6784\u4e3b\u4e49\u201d\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u5960\u57fa\u4eba\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002\u4ed6\u957f\u671f\u4efb\u6559\u4e8e\u4f0a\u5229\u8bfa\u4f0a\u5927\u5b66\uff0c\u521b\u7acb\u4e86\u751f\u7269\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u5b9e\u9a8c\u5ba4\uff0c\u5bf9\u8ba4\u8bc6\u8bba\u3001\u7cfb\u7edf\u7406\u8bba\u4e0e\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u4ea7\u751f\u6df1\u8fdc\u5f71\u54cd\u3002\u798f\u65af\u7279\u63d0\u51fa\u201c\u63a7\u5236\u8bba\u7b2c\u4e8c\u9636\u201d\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u5c06\u89c2\u5bdf\u8005\u7eb3\u5165\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e4b\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e3b\u5f20\u79d1\u5b66\u5e94\u7814\u7a76\u201c\u89c2\u5bdf\u8005\u5982\u4f55\u89c2\u5bdf\u201d\uff0c\u5960\u5b9a\u4e86\u81ea\u6307\u7cfb\u7edf\u7406\u8bba\u57fa\u7840\u3002\u4ed6\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u201c\u4f26\u7406\u6027\u547d\u4ee4\u201d\u2014\u2014\u201c\u8981\u884c\u52a8\uff0c\u4f7f\u9009\u62e9\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u589e\u591a\u201d\u2014\u2014\u6210\u4e3a\u540e\u671f\u7cfb\u7edf\u601d\u60f3\u4e0e\u590d\u6742\u6027\u7406\u8bba\u7684\u4f26\u7406\u542f\u53d1\u3002\u4ed6\u4e0e\u6069\u65af\u7279\u00b7\u51af\u00b7\u683c\u62c9\u6cfd\u65af\u8d39\u5c14\u5fb7\u5171\u540c\u786e\u7acb\u6fc0\u8fdb\u5efa\u6784\u4e3b\u4e49\uff1a\u73b0\u5b9e\u4e0d\u662f\u88ab\u52a8\u53d1\u73b0\u7684\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u4e3b\u4f53\u4e3b\u52a8\u5efa\u6784\u7684\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n
    2. Weick\u9996\u5148\u5f3a\u8c03\uff0c\u56fe\u50cf\u5fc5\u987b\u88ab\u201c\u4ece\u5de6\u5230\u53f3\u9605\u8bfb\u201d\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u8fc7\u7a0b\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u9759\u6001\u5bf9\u8c61\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5728\u65f6\u95f4\u4e2d\u5c55\u5f00\u7684\u8fde\u7eed\u53d8\u5316\u3002\u8fd9\u610f\u5473\u7740\uff0c\u7ec4\u7ec7\u73b0\u5b9e\u65e0\u6cd5\u901a\u8fc7\u5355\u4e00\u201c\u5feb\u7167\u201d\u88ab\u771f\u6b63\u7406\u89e3\uff0c\u800c\u5fc5\u987b\u653e\u5728\u6301\u7eed\u8fd0\u52a8\u4e0e\u53d8\u5316\u4e4b\u4e2d\u52a0\u4ee5\u89c2\u5bdf\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n
    3. \u5355\u7ec6\u80de\u751f\u7269\u901a\u8fc7\u201c\u4f2a\u8db3\u201d\u79fb\u52a8\u7684\u9690\u55bb\u5c24\u5176\u6df1\u523b\u3002\u4f2a\u8db3\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u9884\u5148\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u7a33\u5b9a\u5668\u5b98\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u5728\u8fd0\u52a8\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u4e34\u65f6\u751f\u6210\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\u3002Weick\u501f\u6b64\u6697\u793a\uff1a\u7ec4\u7ec7\u4e2d\u7684\u5f88\u591a\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u672c\u8d28\u4e0a\u4e5f\u662f\u884c\u52a8\u4e2d\u7684\u4ea7\u7269\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\u9879\u76ee\u56e2\u961f\u3001\u975e\u6b63\u5f0f\u534f\u8c03\u3001\u4e34\u65f6\u89c4\u5219\u3001\u5371\u673a\u4e2d\u7684\u7ec4\u7ec7\u8fb9\u754c\uff0c\u5f80\u5f80\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u4e8b\u5148\u5b8c\u5168\u8bbe\u8ba1\u597d\u7684\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u5728\u5b9e\u9645\u884c\u52a8\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u9010\u6e10\u5f62\u6210\u4e0e\u7a33\u5b9a\u7684\u3002\u7ec4\u7ec7\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u201c\u5148\u6709\u7ed3\u6784\u3001\u540e\u6709\u884c\u52a8\u201d\uff0c\u800c\u66f4\u50cf\u662f\u5728\u884c\u52a8\u4e2d\u4e0d\u65ad\u751f\u6210\u7ed3\u6784\u3002\u884c\u52a8\u4e0e\u7ed3\u6784\u4e4b\u95f4\u5e76\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u4e25\u683c\u5148\u540e\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u76f8\u4e92\u5851\u9020\u3001\u540c\u6b65\u6f14\u5316\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n
    4. \u4f46Weick\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u7ec4\u7ec7\u5f88\u591a\u65f6\u5019\u662f\u5728\u884c\u52a8\u4e2d\u4e0d\u65ad\u521b\u9020\u81ea\u8eab\u8def\u5f84\u3002\u5c31\u50cf\u5355\u7ec6\u80de\u751f\u7269\u4e00\u8fb9\u4f38\u5c55\u4f2a\u8db3\u3001\u4e00\u8fb9\u79fb\u52a8\u81ea\u8eab\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u7ec4\u7ec7\u4e5f\u662f\u5728\u524d\u8fdb\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u4e0d\u65ad\u751f\u6210\u534f\u8c03\u5173\u7cfb\u3001\u884c\u52a8\u903b\u8f91\u4e0e\u73af\u5883\u7406\u89e3\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u89c2\u70b9\u7279\u522b\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u9ad8\u4e0d\u786e\u5b9a\u6027\u73af\u5883\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u521b\u4e1a\u7ec4\u7ec7\u3001\u5371\u673a\u5e94\u5bf9\u4e0e\u521b\u65b0\u578b\u56e2\u961f\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u4e9b\u573a\u666f\u4e2d\uff0c\u7ec4\u7ec7\u5e76\u4e0d\u77e5\u9053\u5b8c\u6574\u9053\u8def\uff0c\u800c\u53ea\u80fd\u5728\u884c\u52a8\u4e2d\u4e0d\u65ad\u4fee\u6b63\u65b9\u5411\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n

      \u539f\u6587\uff1aThe pseudopod exhibit provides a good example of the intricacies in a process. Notice, first, that there are both spatial and temporal aspects of this illustration. The spatial aspects are preserved by nouns (“animal,” \u201cspot,” “pseudopod,” “capillary”) and the temporal aspects by verbs and verb forms (“moving,” “extending,” “pulling”). The verbs and verb forms in the descriptive statement capture the process features of this exhibit. Motion, change, and the flow of time would not be apparent without the verb and verb forms. However, verbs alone aren’t enough to portray processes; you also need memory. It is only through memory that temporal abstracts of events can be computed and stored and that the appropriateness of a specific verb can be demonstrated. From spatial information about location of the object, plus memory of that location, plus the addition of a suitable word that abstracts temporal features of a situation such as “moving,” the observer is able to build up from successive views of changed spatial location the idea that a single organism is moving, rather than the alternative possibility that six different organisms are being viewed. Verbs anticipate sequences of events and bind together the various changed appearances that occur when the object becomes transformed. The process of moving requires time, it extends through time, and it involves change. Without verbs, people would not see motion, change, and flow; people would see only static displays and spines.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      \u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\uff1a\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5173\u4e8e\u4f2a\u8db3\uff08pseudopod\uff09\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\uff0c\u5f88\u597d\u5730\u5c55\u793a\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u8fc7\u7a0b\u5185\u90e8\u6240\u5305\u542b\u7684\u590d\u6742\u6027\u3002\u9996\u5148\u8bf7\u6ce8\u610f\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u56fe\u793a\u540c\u65f6\u5177\u6709\u7a7a\u95f4\u4e0e\u65f6\u95f4\u4e24\u4e2a\u65b9\u9762\u3002\u7a7a\u95f4\u65b9\u9762\u901a\u8fc7\u540d\u8bcd\u5f97\u4ee5\u4fdd\u7559\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u2019\u751f\u7269\u2019\u3001\u2018\u4f4d\u7f6e\u2019\u3001\u2018\u4f2a\u8db3\u2019\u4e0e\u2018\u6bdb\u7ec6\u901a\u9053\u2019\uff1b\u800c\u65f6\u95f4\u65b9\u9762\u5219\u901a\u8fc7\u52a8\u8bcd\u53ca\u52a8\u8bcd\u5f62\u5f0f\u5f97\u4ee5\u5448\u73b0\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u2018\u79fb\u52a8\u2019\u3001\u2018\u5ef6\u4f38\u2019\u4e0e\u2018\u62c9\u52a8\u2019\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u6bb5\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e2d\uff0c\u771f\u6b63\u6355\u6349\u8fc7\u7a0b\u7279\u5f81\u7684\uff0c\u662f\u8fd9\u4e9b\u52a8\u8bcd\u4e0e\u52a8\u8bcd\u5f62\u5f0f\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6ca1\u6709\u52a8\u8bcd\u4e0e\u52a8\u8bcd\u5f62\u5f0f\uff0c\u8fd0\u52a8\u3001\u53d8\u5316\u4e0e\u65f6\u95f4\u6d41\u52a8\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7279\u5f81\u5c31\u4e0d\u4f1a\u663e\u73b0\u51fa\u6765\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u4ec5\u6709\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fd8\u4e0d\u8db3\u4ee5\u63cf\u7ed8\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff1b\u4f60\u8fd8\u9700\u8981\u8bb0\u5fc6\u3002\u53ea\u6709\u901a\u8fc7\u8bb0\u5fc6\uff0c\u4eba\u4eec\u624d\u80fd\u5bf9\u4e8b\u4ef6\u8fdb\u884c\u65f6\u95f4\u6027\u7684\u62bd\u8c61\u3001\u50a8\u5b58\uff0c\u5e76\u8bc1\u660e\u67d0\u4e00\u4e2a\u5177\u4f53\u52a8\u8bcd\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u662f\u6070\u5f53\u7684\u3002\u89c2\u5bdf\u8005\u4f9d\u9760\u5173\u4e8e\u7269\u4f53\u4f4d\u7f6e\u7684\u7a7a\u95f4\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u52a0\u4e0a\u5bf9\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4f4d\u7f6e\u7684\u8bb0\u5fc6\uff0c\u518d\u7ed3\u5408\u50cf\u2018\u79fb\u52a8\u2019\u8fd9\u6837\u80fd\u591f\u62bd\u8c61\u65f6\u95f4\u7279\u5f81\u7684\u8bcd\u8bed\uff0c\u624d\u80fd\u4ece\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u4f4d\u7f6e\u53d8\u5316\u7684\u8fde\u7eed\u56fe\u50cf\u4e2d\uff0c\u5f62\u6210\u2018\u540c\u4e00\u4e2a\u751f\u7269\u6b63\u5728\u79fb\u52a8\u2019\u8fd9\u4e00\u89c2\u5ff5\uff1b\u5426\u5219\uff0c\u53e6\u4e00\u79cd\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u540c\u6837\u6210\u7acb\u2014\u2014\u5373\u6211\u4eec\u770b\u5230\u7684\u5176\u5b9e\u662f\u516d\u4e2a\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u751f\u7269\u3002\u52a8\u8bcd\u9884\u793a\u7740\u4e8b\u4ef6\u5e8f\u5217\uff0c\u5e76\u628a\u5bf9\u8c61\u5728\u53d8\u5316\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u5448\u73b0\u51fa\u7684\u5404\u79cd\u4e0d\u540c\u5916\u89c2\u8054\u7cfb\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\u3002\u2018\u79fb\u52a8\u2019\u8fd9\u4e00\u8fc7\u7a0b\u9700\u8981\u65f6\u95f4\uff0c\u5b83\u5728\u65f6\u95f4\u4e2d\u5ef6\u5c55\uff0c\u5e76\u4f34\u968f\u7740\u53d8\u5316\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6ca1\u6709\u52a8\u8bcd\uff0c\u4eba\u4eec\u5c06\u65e0\u6cd5\u770b\u5230\u8fd0\u52a8\u3001\u53d8\u5316\u4e0e\u6d41\u52a8\uff1b\u4eba\u4eec\u770b\u5230\u7684\uff0c\u53ea\u4f1a\u662f\u9759\u6001\u5c55\u793a\u4e0e\u4e00\u6392\u6392\u4e66\u810a\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      \ud83d\udca1\u5b66\u4e60\u7b14\u8bb0\uff1a<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

        \n
      1. \u8fd9\u4e00\u6bb5\u4e2d\uff0cWeick\u901a\u8fc7\u5bf9\u201c\u4f2a\u8db3\u8fd0\u52a8\u201d\u63cf\u8ff0\u65b9\u5f0f\u7684\u5206\u6790\uff0c\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u4efb\u4f55\u8fc7\u7a0b\u90fd\u540c\u65f6\u5305\u542b\u201c\u7a7a\u95f4\u201d\u4e0e\u201c\u65f6\u95f4\u201d\u4e24\u4e2a\u7ef4\u5ea6\u3002\u7a7a\u95f4\u7ef4\u5ea6\u901a\u5e38\u901a\u8fc7\u540d\u8bcd\u8868\u73b0\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u201c\u7ec4\u7ec7\u201d\u201c\u5c97\u4f4d\u201d\u201c\u90e8\u95e8\u201d\u201c\u8d44\u6e90\u201d\u7b49\uff1b\u800c\u65f6\u95f4\u7ef4\u5ea6\u5219\u4f9d\u8d56\u52a8\u8bcd\u6765\u5448\u73b0\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u201c\u79fb\u52a8\u201d\u201c\u534f\u8c03\u201d\u201c\u9002\u5e94\u201d\u201c\u53d8\u5316\u201d\u7b49\u3002Weick\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u771f\u6b63\u80fd\u591f\u63ed\u793a\u7ec4\u7ec7\u8fc7\u7a0b\u672c\u8d28\u7684\uff0c\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u540d\u8bcd\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u52a8\u8bcd\u3002\u56e0\u4e3a\u53ea\u6709\u52a8\u8bcd\u624d\u80fd\u8ba9\u4eba\u610f\u8bc6\u5230\uff1a\u7ec4\u7ec7\u73b0\u5b9e\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u9759\u6b62\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u5728\u6301\u7eed\u53d8\u5316\u4e0e\u751f\u6210\u4e4b\u4e2d\u3002\u6ca1\u6709\u52a8\u8bcd\uff0c\u4eba\u4eec\u53ea\u80fd\u770b\u5230\u56fa\u5b9a\u7ed3\u6784\u4e0e\u9759\u6001\u5bf9\u8c61\uff0c\u800c\u65e0\u6cd5\u771f\u6b63\u770b\u5230\u8fd0\u52a8\u3001\u53d8\u5316\u4e0e\u6d41\u52a8\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n
      2. \u4f46\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\uff0c\u4ec5\u6709\u52a8\u8bcd\u4ecd\u4e0d\u8db3\u4ee5\u6784\u6210\u201c\u8fc7\u7a0b\u201d\u7684\u7406\u89e3\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u8fc7\u7a0b\u8fd8\u4f9d\u8d56\u201c\u8bb0\u5fc6\u201d\u3002\u8fd9\u91cc\u7684\u8bb0\u5fc6\uff0c\u5e76\u4e0d\u4ec5\u4ec5\u662f\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u610f\u4e49\u4e0a\u7684\u56de\u5fc6\u80fd\u529b\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u5bf9\u65f6\u95f4\u8fde\u7eed\u6027\u7684\u8ba4\u77e5\u7ef4\u6301\u80fd\u529b\u3002\u89c2\u5bdf\u8005\u4e4b\u6240\u4ee5\u80fd\u591f\u7406\u89e3\u201c\u540c\u4e00\u4e2a\u751f\u7269\u6b63\u5728\u79fb\u52a8\u201d\uff0c\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u67d0\u4e00\u77ac\u95f4\u76f4\u63a5\u770b\u5230\u4e86\u201c\u8fd0\u52a8\u201d\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u4ed6\u80fd\u591f\u628a\u591a\u4e2a\u4e0d\u540c\u65f6\u95f4\u70b9\u7684\u7a7a\u95f4\u4f4d\u7f6e\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u8bb0\u5fc6\u8fde\u63a5\u8d77\u6765\u3002\u5426\u5219\uff0c\u4eba\u4eec\u770b\u5230\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\u53ea\u662f\u51e0\u4e2a\u4e0d\u540c\u4f4d\u7f6e\u4e0a\u7684\u72ec\u7acb\u56fe\u50cf\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u201c\u540c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u8fde\u7eed\u53d8\u5316\u201d\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u8fc7\u7a0b\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u5929\u7136\u76f4\u63a5\u53ef\u89c1\u7684\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u901a\u8fc7\u65f6\u95f4\u3001\u8bb0\u5fc6\u4e0e\u8bed\u8a00\u5171\u540c\u5efa\u6784\u51fa\u6765\u7684\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n
      3. \u8fd9\u4e00\u5206\u6790\u5177\u6709\u6df1\u523b\u7684\u610f\u4e49\uff0c\u4f20\u7edf\u7ba1\u7406\u5b66\u957f\u671f\u4f9d\u8d56\u201c\u540d\u8bcd\u5316\u8bed\u8a00\u201d\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7ed3\u6784\u3001\u5c97\u4f4d\u4f53\u7cfb\u3001\u5c42\u7ea7\u5173\u7cfb\u3001\u8d44\u6e90\u914d\u7f6e\u7b49\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u7ec4\u7ec7\u88ab\u7406\u89e3\u4e3a\u4e00\u79cd\u9759\u6001\u5b9e\u4f53\u3002\u4f46Weick\u63d0\u9192\u4eba\u4eec\uff1a\u7ec4\u7ec7\u771f\u6b63\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u73b0\u5b9e\uff0c\u5f80\u5f80\u5b58\u5728\u4e8e\u90a3\u4e9b\u88ab\u52a8\u8bcd\u8868\u8fbe\u7684\u6d3b\u52a8\u4e4b\u4e2d\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u534f\u8c03\u3001\u5b66\u4e60\u3001\u9002\u5e94\u3001\u89e3\u91ca\u4e0e\u884c\u52a8\u3002\u7ec4\u7ec7\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u201c\u4e1c\u897f\u201d\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u6301\u7eed\u5c55\u5f00\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u7ec4\u6210\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u3002\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u7ba1\u7406\u8005\u4e4b\u6240\u4ee5\u5bb9\u6613\u6c89\u8ff7\u4e8e\u62a5\u8868\u3001\u6307\u6807\u4e0e\u7ed3\u6784\u56fe\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u8fd9\u4e9b\u9759\u6001\u5bf9\u8c61\u66f4\u5bb9\u6613\u88ab\u89c2\u5bdf\uff0c\u800c\u8fc7\u7a0b\u672c\u8eab\u5219\u9700\u8981\u65f6\u95f4\u611f\u3001\u8fde\u7eed\u6027\u7406\u89e3\u4e0e\u52a8\u6001\u601d\u7ef4\u3002Weick\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u662f\u5728\u547c\u5401\u4e00\u79cd\u201c\u52a8\u8bcd\u5316\u7684\u7ec4\u7ec7\u8ba4\u77e5\u201d\uff1a\u771f\u6b63\u6210\u719f\u7684\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7406\u89e3\uff0c\u4e0d\u5e94\u53ea\u5173\u6ce8\u7ec4\u7ec7\u201c\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\u201d\uff0c\u66f4\u5e94\u5173\u6ce8\u7ec4\u7ec7\u201c\u6b63\u5728\u53d1\u751f\u4ec0\u4e48\u201d\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

        \u63a5\u4e0a\u671f\uff1a\u300a\u7ec4\u7ec7\u793e\u4f1a\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u300b\u5b66\u4e60\u7b14\u8bb0 039 \u539f\u6587\uff1aAs Vickers points out, process … <\/p>\n

        \u7ee7\u7eed\u9605\u8bfb\u201c\u300a\u7ec4\u7ec7\u793e\u4f1a\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u300b\u5b66\u4e60\u7b14\u8bb0 040\u201d<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/mooda.com.cn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1480"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/mooda.com.cn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/mooda.com.cn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mooda.com.cn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mooda.com.cn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=1480"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/mooda.com.cn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1480\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1482,"href":"https:\/\/mooda.com.cn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1480\/revisions\/1482"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/mooda.com.cn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=1480"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}