{"id":1438,"date":"2026-06-01T16:44:28","date_gmt":"2026-06-01T08:44:28","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/mooda.com.cn\/?page_id=1438"},"modified":"2026-06-01T16:44:28","modified_gmt":"2026-06-01T08:44:28","slug":"%e3%80%8a%e7%bb%84%e7%bb%87%e7%a4%be%e4%bc%9a%e5%bf%83%e7%90%86%e5%ad%a6%e3%80%8b%e5%ad%a6%e4%b9%a0%e7%ac%94%e8%ae%b0-035","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/mooda.com.cn\/?page_id=1438","title":{"rendered":"\u300a\u7ec4\u7ec7\u793e\u4f1a\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u300b\u5b66\u4e60\u7b14\u8bb0 035"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

\u63a5\u4e0a\u671f\uff1a<\/em>\u300a\u7ec4\u7ec7\u793e\u4f1a\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u300b\u5b66\u4e60\u7b14\u8bb0 034<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u539f\u6587\uff1aMany of my favorite concepts, ideas, and studies in organizational theory are a mixture of simplicity and generality and fall at the\u00a0teno’clock position<\/em>. That these concepts also have modest accuracy (and sometimes irk people because of this came as no particular surprise when I discovered it, although it was pleasant to see how neatly my experiences in the classroom could fit into the compact world of the GAS argument. The attractiveness of explanations such as the garbage can, organized anarchy, or the distinction between exit, voice, and loyalty (Hirschman 1970) is the fact that they are simple, easy to remember, portable, and seem to apply in a wide variety of situations. But when you really press these explanations in any specific situation, you find it hard to spot something that is nothing but a garbage can or loose coupling or specific exit versus voice alternatives. Qualifications and amendments become so detailed in the face of this imprecision that the original general and simple explanation soon disappears.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\uff1a\u6211\u5728\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7406\u8bba\u4e2d\u8bb8\u591a\u949f\u7231\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u3001\u601d\u60f3\u548c\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u90fd\u662f\u7b80\u6d01\u6027\u4e0e\u666e\u9002\u6027\u7684\u6df7\u5408\uff0c\u843d\u5728\u5341\u70b9\u949f\u4f4d\u7f6e\u3002\u5f53\u6211\u610f\u8bc6\u5230\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6982\u5ff5\u7684\u89e3\u91ca\u7cbe\u5ea6\u5176\u5b9e\u76f8\u5f53\u6709\u9650\uff08\u5e76\u4e14\u6709\u65f6\u6b63\u56e0\u6b64\u4ee4\u4eba\u4e0d\u5feb\uff09\u65f6\uff0c\u6211\u5e76\u4e0d\u7279\u522b\u60ca\u8bb6\u3002\u4e0d\u8fc7\uff0c\u770b\u5230\u81ea\u5df1\u5728\u8bfe\u5802\u4e2d\u7684\u7ecf\u9a8c\u7adf\u80fd\u5982\u6b64\u81ea\u7136\u5730\u88ab\u7eb3\u5165GAS\u8bba\u8bc1\u90a3\u79cd\u9ad8\u5ea6\u7b80\u6d01\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u4e16\u754c\u4e4b\u4e2d\uff0c\u4ecd\u7136\u4ee4\u4eba\u6109\u5feb\u3002\u5783\u573e\u6876\u6a21\u578b\u3001\u201c\u6709\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7684\u65e0\u653f\u5e9c\u72b6\u6001\u201d\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u201c\u9000\u51fa\u3001\u53d1\u58f0\u4e0e\u5fe0\u8bda\u201d\u7b49\u89e3\u91ca\u6846\u67b6\u4e4b\u6240\u4ee5\u5177\u6709\u5438\u5f15\u529b\uff0c\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u4eec\u7b80\u6d01\u3001\u6613\u8bb0\u3001\u5177\u6709\u8f83\u5f3a\u7684\u53ef\u8fc1\u79fb\u6027\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u770b\u4e0a\u53bb\u80fd\u591f\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u6781\u5176\u5e7f\u6cdb\u7684\u60c5\u5883\u3002\u4f46\u5f53\u4f60\u771f\u6b63\u628a\u8fd9\u4e9b\u89e3\u91ca\u6846\u67b6\u653e\u5230\u5177\u4f53\u60c5\u5883\u4e2d\u52a0\u4ee5\u68c0\u9a8c\u65f6\uff0c\u4f60\u4f1a\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c\u73b0\u5b9e\u4e2d\u5f88\u96be\u627e\u5230\u67d0\u79cd\u73b0\u8c61\u662f\u201c\u7eaf\u7cb9\u7684\u201d\u5783\u573e\u6876\u6a21\u578b\u3001\u201c\u7eaf\u7cb9\u7684\u201d\u677e\u6563\u8026\u5408\uff0c\u6216\u5355\u7eaf\u5c5e\u4e8e\u201c\u9000\u51fa\u201d\u800c\u975e\u201c\u53d1\u58f0\u201d\u7684\u60c5\u5f62\u3002\u9762\u5bf9\u8fd9\u79cd\u4e0d\u7cbe\u786e\u6027\uff0c\u5404\u79cd\u9650\u5b9a\u6761\u4ef6\u4e0e\u4fee\u6b63\u4e0d\u65ad\u53d8\u5f97\u6108\u53d1\u7ec6\u5bc6\uff0c\u6700\u7ec8\u4f7f\u5f97\u539f\u672c\u90a3\u4e2a\u7b80\u6d01\u800c\u5177\u6709\u666e\u9002\u6027\u7684\u89e3\u91ca\u6846\u67b6\u9010\u6e10\u5931\u53bb\u4e86\u81ea\u8eab\u7684\u5f62\u6001\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\ud83d\udca1\u5b66\u4e60\u7b14\u8bb0\uff1a<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \n
  1. Weick\u5728\u8fd9\u4e00\u6bb5\u901a\u8fc7\u81ea\u6211\u66b4\u9732\u5bf9\u5341\u70b9\u949f\u65b9\u5411\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u7814\u7a76\u5c55\u5f00\u4e86\u5256\u6790\uff0c\u5206\u6790\u4e86\u5341\u70b9\u949f\u65b9\u5411\u7814\u7a76\u5728\u5177\u5907\u666e\u9002\u6027\u53ca\u7b80\u6d01\u6027\u7684\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u7f3a\u4e4f\u7cbe\u786e\u6027\uff08\u89e3\u91ca\u7cbe\u5ea6\u6709\u9650\uff09\u3002\u5e76\u5728\u5c55\u73b0\u51fa\u8ba9\u4eba\u5403\u60ca\u7684\u5766\u8bda\uff0c\u4ed6\u8bf4\u6211\u5e76\u4e0d\u7279\u522b\u60ca\u8bb6\uff0c\u5e76\u611f\u5230\u6109\u5feb\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  2. \u8fd9\u91cc\u4ee5Weick\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\u8bf4\u660e\u5341\u70b9\u949f\u7406\u8bba\u7684\u5f31\u70b9\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u56de\u987e\u4e00\u4e0b\u524d\u6587\u7684\u5783\u573e\u6876\u6a21\u578b\uff0c\u8be5\u6a21\u578b\u4ee5\u5783\u573e\u6876\u4f5c\u4e3a\u9690\u55bb\uff0c\u6697\u6307\u95ee\u9898\u3001\u65b9\u6848\u3001\u53c2\u4e0e\u8005\u548c\u673a\u4f1a\u56db\u4e2a\u6d41\u7684\u968f\u673a\u8026\u5408\uff0c\u6765\u63cf\u8ff0\u6709\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7684\u6df7\u4e71\uff0c\u5176\u7b80\u6d01\u6027\u53ca\u666e\u9002\u6027\u6ca1\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u5f53\u6211\u4eec\u8bd5\u56fe\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u7ec4\u7ec7\u4e2d\u8bc6\u522b\u5783\u573e\u6876\u65f6\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4f1a\u53d1\u73b0\u5783\u573e\u6876\u548c\u7406\u6027\u51b3\u7b56\u7684\u8fb9\u754c\u5e76\u4e0d\u6e05\u6670\uff0c\u5783\u573e\u6876\u5e76\u4e0d\u7eaf\u7cb9\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u5783\u573e\u6876\u6a21\u578b\u53ea\u662f\u4e2a\u9690\u55bb\uff0c\u51c6\u786e\u6027\u662f\u4e0d\u591f\u7684\u3002\u540c\u6837\uff0c\u677e\u6563\u8026\u5408\u4e5f\u662f\u5982\u6b64\uff0c\u5b9e\u9645\u7684\u7ec4\u7ec7\u4e2d\u5e76\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u7eaf\u7cb9\u7684\u677e\u6563\u8026\u5408\uff0c\u7ec4\u7ec7\u4e2d\u5404\u90e8\u5206\u7684\u8fde\u63a5\u662f\u6df7\u5408\u6027\u3001\u4e0d\u65ad\u53d8\u5316\u7684\u8026\u5408\u3002\u540c\u6837\uff0c\u5f53\u7ec4\u7ec7\u53d8\u5f97\u8870\u9000\u65f6\uff0c\u9009\u62e9\u9000\u51fa\u79bb\u5f00\u3001\u62b1\u6028\u53d1\u58f0\u8fd8\u662f\u5fe0\u8bda\u5fcd\u8010\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u662f100%\u7eaf\u7cb9\u7684\uff0c\u5927\u591a\u6570\u65f6\u5019\u90fd\u662f\u6df7\u5408\u7684\uff0c\u53ea\u662f\u5360\u6bd4\u4e0d\u540c\u800c\u5df2\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  3. \u5f53\u5341\u70b9\u949f\u65b9\u5411\u7406\u8bba\u8bd5\u56fe\u5f00\u59cb\u589e\u52a0\u9650\u5b9a\u6761\u4ef6\u6216\u4fee\u6b63\u65f6\uff0c\u7b80\u6d01\u6027\u53ca\u666e\u9002\u6027\u5c31\u4f1a\u6d88\u5931\u3002Weick\/\u6211\u4eec\u949f\u7231\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u53ef\u80fd\u6b63\u662fWeick\/\u6211\u4eec\u6700\u5e94\u8b66\u60d5\u7684\u5730\u65b9\u3002\u7b80\u6d01\u4e0e\u666e\u9002\u7684\u8bf1\u60d1\u529b\uff0c\u5f80\u5f80\u4ee5\u7cbe\u786e\u6027\u7684\u4e27\u5931\u4e3a\u4ee3\u4ef7\u3002GAS\u6846\u67b6\u7684\u4ef7\u503c\u4e0d\u5728\u4e8e\u5e2e\u6211\u4eec\u9009\u62e9\u201d\u6700\u597d\u7684\u201d\u4f4d\u7f6e\uff0c\u800c\u5728\u4e8e\u5e2e\u6211\u4eec\u6e05\u9192\u5730\u8ba4\u8bc6”\u6211\u4eec\u6b63\u5728\u653e\u5f03\u4ec0\u4e48”\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n

    \u539f\u6587\uff1aOnce again, intentional effort devoted to ten o’clock inquiry need not be an embarrassment. It remains true that any explanation dreamed up by anyone will be true for some other person at some time at some place. All explanations, no matter how bizarre, are likely to be valid part of the time. It’s simply up to the originator of the idea to be smart enough or lucky enough to find those sites where the theory is accurately supported.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\uff1a\u518d\u4e00\u6b21\u5730\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u201c\u5341\u70b9\u949f\u5f0f\u63a2\u7a76\u201d\u6240\u6295\u5165\u7684\u6709\u610f\u8bc6\u52aa\u529b\uff0c\u5e76\u4e0d\u5fc5\u7136\u662f\u4e00\u4ef6\u4ee4\u4eba\u5c34\u5c2c\u7684\u4e8b\u3002\u4ecd\u7136\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bf4\uff0c\u4efb\u4f55\u4eba\u6240\u6784\u60f3\u51fa\u7684\u4efb\u4f55\u89e3\u91ca\uff0c\u603b\u4f1a\u5728\u67d0\u4e2a\u65f6\u95f4\u3001\u67d0\u4e2a\u5730\u70b9\uff0c\u5bf9\u67d0\u4e9b\u4eba\u800c\u8a00\u6210\u7acb\u3002\u4e00\u5207\u89e3\u91ca\u2014\u2014\u65e0\u8bba\u591a\u4e48\u79bb\u5947\u2014\u2014\u90fd\u53ef\u80fd\u5728\u67d0\u4e9b\u65f6\u5019\u5177\u6709\u5176\u6709\u6548\u6027\u3002\u95ee\u9898\u53ea\u4e0d\u8fc7\u5728\u4e8e\uff1a\u4e00\u4e2a\u7406\u8bba\u7684\u63d0\u51fa\u8005\uff0c\u662f\u5426\u8db3\u591f\u806a\u660e\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u8db3\u591f\u5e78\u8fd0\uff0c\u80fd\u591f\u627e\u5230\u90a3\u4e9b\u6070\u597d\u80fd\u7cbe\u786e\u652f\u6301\u8be5\u7406\u8bba\u7684\u60c5\u5883\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \ud83d\udca1\u5b66\u4e60\u7b14\u8bb0\uff1a<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

      \n
    1. \u8fd9\u4e00\u6bb5\uff0cWeick\u7528\u8c03\u4f83\u7684\u8bed\u6c14\uff0c\u8ba8\u8bba\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7406\u8bba\u4e2d\u7684\u201c\u89e3\u91ca\u5408\u6cd5\u6027\u95ee\u9898\u201d\u3002\u5373\uff1a\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u5f88\u591a\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7406\u8bba\u770b\u4e0a\u53bb\u90fd\u201c\u6709\u9053\u7406\u201d\uff1f\u56e0\u4e3a\u7ec4\u7ec7\u73b0\u5b9e\u5177\u6709\uff1a\u9ad8\u590d\u6742\u6027\u3001\u9ad8\u6a21\u7cca\u6027\u3001\u9ad8\u60c5\u5883\u4f9d\u8d56\u6027\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\uff0c\u51e0\u4e4e\u4efb\u4f55\u7406\u8bba\uff0c\u90fd\u80fd\u627e\u5230\u652f\u6301\u5b83\u7684\u6848\u4f8b\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a\u524d\u6587\u6240\u8ff0\u7684\u5783\u573e\u6876\u6a21\u578b\u3001\u677e\u6563\u8026\u5408\u3001\u7ec4\u7ec7\u60ef\u6027\u7b49\u7b49\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7406\u8bba\u90fd\u80fd\u89e3\u91ca\u5f88\u591a\u73b0\u8c61\uff0c\u4f46\u53c8\u5f88\u96be\u4e25\u683c\u8bc1\u4f2a\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n
    2. \u7406\u8bba\u4e0d\u662f\u771f\u7406\u7684\u5784\u65ad\u8005\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u771f\u7406\u7684\u5339\u914d\u8005\u3002\u7406\u8bba\u7684\u4ef7\u503c\u4e0d\u5728\u4e8e\u5b83\u662f\u5426\u666e\u904d\u771f\u5b9e\uff0c\u800c\u5728\u4e8e\u5b83\u662f\u5426\u5728\u67d0\u4e2a\u5c40\u90e8\u88ab\u51c6\u786e\u652f\u6301\u3002GAS\u6846\u67b6\u7684\u4ef7\u503c\u4e0d\u5728\u4e8e\u5e2e\u4f60\u9009\u62e9\u201d\u6700\u597d\u7684”\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u800c\u5728\u4e8e\u5e2e\u4f60\u6e05\u9192\u5730\u8ba4\u8bc6\uff1a\u4f60\u5728\u653e\u5f03\u4ec0\u4e48\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u4f60\u6b63\u5728\u5bfb\u627e\u4ec0\u4e48\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n
    3. \u8fd9\u6bb5\u8bdd\u5728\u4eca\u5929\u4f9d\u7136\u975e\u5e38\u6709\u610f\u4e49\uff0c\u8ba9\u6211\u4eec\u5bf9\u54ea\u4e9b\u6d41\u884c\u7684\u3001\u65f6\u9ae6\u7684\u65b0\u6982\u5ff5\u3001\u65b0\u7406\u8bba\u6301\u6709\u8b66\u60d5\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7406\u8bba\u770b\u4e0a\u53bb\u89e3\u91ca\u4e00\u5207\uff0c\u4f46\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u6ca1\u6709\u4e25\u683c\u7684\u8fb9\u754c\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u53ef\u80fd\u53ea\u5728\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u60c5\u5883\u4e2d\u624d\u6709\u4ef7\u503c\uff0c\u65e0\u6cd5\u63d0\u4f9b\u7cbe\u786e\u89e3\u91ca\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n

      \u539f\u6587\uff1aThe concept of ten o’clock research also provides a good excuse to examine other tabooed issues in science. For example, Ravetz, a historian of science, argues that the social sciences may be misplacing their energies by trying to ape the natural sciences. This theme, which is common enough, becomes more interesting when Ravetz then asserts that the so-called facts of social science may be of a different form than those facts associated with mature mathematical and experimental sciences. Rather than being simple, impersonal, elementary, and indubitable assertions, Ravetz feels that the typical product of a social scientist will more likely be aphorisms: “an expression of a deep personal understanding of its objects in a condensed and communicable form” (1971, p. 375) (e.g., “Everybody wants to be somebody; nobody wants to grow,” or “What we do not understand we do not possess\u201d).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      \u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\uff1a\u201c\u5341\u70b9\u949f\u7814\u7a76\u201d\u8fd9\u4e00\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e3a\u6211\u4eec\u91cd\u65b0\u5ba1\u89c6\u79d1\u5b66\u4e2d\u5176\u4ed6\u4e00\u4e9b\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a\u7981\u5fcc\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u5f88\u597d\u7684\u7406\u7531\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u79d1\u5b66\u53f2\u5b66\u5bb6\u62c9\u7ef4\u8328\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u793e\u4f1a\u79d1\u5b66\u6216\u8bb8\u6b63\u5728\u9519\u8bef\u5730\u914d\u7f6e\u81ea\u8eab\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u7cbe\u529b\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u8bd5\u56fe\u6a21\u4eff\u81ea\u7136\u79d1\u5b66\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u4e3b\u9898\u672c\u8eab\u5e76\u4e0d\u65b0\u9c9c\uff0c\u4f46\u62c9\u7ef4\u8328\u968f\u540e\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u6307\u51fa\uff1a\u6240\u8c13\u793e\u4f1a\u79d1\u5b66\u4e2d\u7684\u201c\u4e8b\u5b9e\u201d\uff0c\u5176\u5f62\u6001\u53ef\u80fd\u4e0e\u6210\u719f\u7684\u6570\u5b66\u79d1\u5b66\u548c\u5b9e\u9a8c\u79d1\u5b66\u4e2d\u7684\u4e8b\u5b9e fundamentally \u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e00\u70b9\u4f7f\u95ee\u9898\u53d8\u5f97\u66f4\u52a0\u6709\u8da3\u3002\u5728\u62c9\u7ef4\u8328\u770b\u6765\uff0c\u793e\u4f1a\u79d1\u5b66\u4e2d\u7684\u201c\u4e8b\u5b9e\u201d\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u90a3\u79cd\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u3001\u975e\u4eba\u683c\u5316\u7684\u3001\u57fa\u7840\u6027\u7684\u3001\u4e14\u4e0d\u5bb9\u7f6e\u7591\u7684\u9648\u8ff0\uff1b\u76f8\u53cd\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u793e\u4f1a\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u66f4\u5178\u578b\u7684\u4ea7\u51fa\uff0c\u5f88\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u67d0\u79cd\u201c\u7bb4\u8a00\u5f0f\u8868\u8fbe\u201d\uff1a\u201c\u4e00\u79cd\u5c06\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u5bf9\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u6df1\u523b\u4e2a\u4eba\u7406\u89e3\uff0c\u4ee5\u51dd\u7ec3\u4e14\u53ef\u4f20\u64ad\u5f62\u5f0f\u8868\u8fbe\u51fa\u6765\u7684\u8bdd\u8bed\u3002\u201d\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a\u201c\u6bcf\u4e2a\u4eba\u90fd\u60f3\u6210\u4e3a\u67d0\u79cd\u4eba\u7269\uff0c\u5374\u6ca1\u6709\u4eba\u613f\u610f\u6210\u957f\u3002\u201d\u6216\u201c\u51e1\u662f\u6211\u4eec\u65e0\u6cd5\u7406\u89e3\u7684\u4e1c\u897f\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4fbf\u65e0\u6cd5\u771f\u6b63\u62e5\u6709\u3002\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      \ud83d\udca1\u5b66\u4e60\u7b14\u8bb0\uff1a<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

        \n
      1. \u8fd9\u4e00\u6bb5\uff0cWeick\u5df2\u7ecf\u4e0d\u5728\u8ba8\u8bba\u7406\u8bba\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u66f4\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u8c08\u793e\u4f1a\u79d1\u5b66\u77e5\u8bc6\u7a76\u7adf\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\uff1f\u793e\u4f1a\u79d1\u5b66\u53ef\u4ee5\u50cf\u81ea\u7136\u79d1\u5b66\u90a3\u6837\u4ea7\u751f\u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e48\uff1f\u4ee5\u53ca\u793e\u4f1a\u79d1\u5b66\u7406\u8bba\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u5230\u5e95\u600e\u6837\uff1f<\/li>\n\n\n\n
      2. \u5f15\u7528\u62c9\u7ef4\u8328\u7684\u8bdd\uff0c\u8bf4\u660e\u81ea\u7136\u79d1\u5b66\u7684\u7406\u6027\u77e5\u8bc6\u662f\u7b80\u5355\u660e\u786e\u3001\u53bb\u4e3b\u4f53\u5316\u3001\u53ef\u5206\u89e3\u4e3a\u57fa\u672c\u5355\u5143\u53ca\u4e0d\u5bb9\u6000\u7591\u7684\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u90fd\u662f\u7b1b\u5361\u5c14\u725b\u987f\u5f0f\u7684\u79d1\u5b66\u89c2\u3002\u800c\u793e\u4f1a\u79d1\u5b66\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u663e\u7136\u4e0d\u5177\u5907\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7279\u70b9\uff0c\u53cd\u800c\u66f4\u50cf\u7bb4\u8a00\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u683c\u8a00\u5f0f\u7684\u6d1e\u89c1\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5f80\u5f80\u662f\u9ad8\u5ea6\u51dd\u7ec3\u3001\u5e26\u6709\u7ecf\u9a8c\u667a\u6167\u3001\u65e0\u6cd5\u5b8c\u5168\u5f62\u5f0f\u5316\u3001\u5bcc\u6709\u89e3\u91ca\u5f20\u529b\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u5e38\u5e38\u4e0d\u80fd\u8bc1\u4f2a\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n
      3. \u793e\u4f1a\u79d1\u5b66\u4e0d\u80fd\u3001\u4e5f\u4e0d\u5e94\u8be5\u8ffd\u6c42\u81ea\u7136\u79d1\u5b66\u5f62\u5f0f\u7684\u90a3\u79cd\u77e5\u8bc6\uff0c\u800c\u5e94\u8be5\u5177\u6709\u81ea\u8eab\u7684\u201c\u667a\u6167\u201d\u7279\u8272\uff1a\u5386\u53f2\u6027\u3001\u53cd\u8eab\u6027\u3001\u6587\u5316\u5d4c\u5165\u6027\u3001\u8bed\u610f\u6a21\u7cca\u6027\u548c\u884c\u52a8\u8005\u80fd\u52a8\u6027\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n

        \u539f\u6587\uff1aThe idea that aphorisms could be bearers of knowledge has distinguished roots, including some of Francis Bacon’s early writings:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

        \u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\uff1a\u8ba4\u4e3a\u201c\u7bb4\u8a00\u201d\u80fd\u591f\u627f\u8f7d\u77e5\u8bc6\u8fd9\u4e00\u89c2\u5ff5\uff0c\u5177\u6709\u60a0\u4e45\u800c\u6df1\u539a\u7684\u601d\u60f3\u6e0a\u6e90\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u5305\u62ec\u5f17\u6717\u897f\u65af\u00b7\u57f9\u6839\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u65e9\u671f\u8bba\u8ff0\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n

        \u539f\u6587\uff1aBut the writing in Aphorisms hath many excellent virtues, whereto the writing in method [science] doth not approach. For first, it trieth the writer, whether he be superficial or solid; for Aphorisms, except they should be ridiculous, cannot be made but of the pith and heart of sciences; for discourse of illustration is cut off; recitals of examples are cut off; discourse of connection and order is cut off; descriptions of practice are cut off; so there remaineth nothing to fill the Aphorisms but some good quantity of observation; and therefore no man can suffice, nor in reason will attempt, to write Aphorisms, but he that is sound and grounded (cited in Stern 1963, \u0440. 105).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

        \u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\uff1a\u4ee5\u7bb4\u8a00\u5f62\u5f0f\u5199\u4f5c\uff0c\u5177\u6709\u8bb8\u591a\u5353\u8d8a\u7684\u4f18\u70b9\uff0c\u662f\u7cfb\u7edf\u5316\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u6027\u5199\u4f5c\uff08\u5373\u79d1\u5b66\u5f0f\u5199\u4f5c\uff09\u6240\u96be\u4ee5\u4f01\u53ca\u7684\u3002\u9996\u5148\uff0c\u5b83\u80fd\u591f\u68c0\u9a8c\u4f5c\u8005\u7a76\u7adf\u662f\u6d6e\u6d45\uff0c\u8fd8\u662f\u624e\u5b9e\u3002\u56e0\u4e3a\u7bb4\u8a00\u82e5\u4e0d\u60f3\u6ca6\u4e3a\u8352\u8c2c\uff0c\u5c31\u53ea\u80fd\u53d6\u6750\u4e8e\u79d1\u5b66\u6700\u7cbe\u9ad3\u3001\u6700\u6838\u5fc3\u7684\u90e8\u5206\u3002\u5728\u7bb4\u8a00\u4e2d\uff0c\u94fa\u9648\u6027\u7684\u9610\u91ca\u88ab\u5220\u53bb\uff1b\u4f8b\u8bc1\u6027\u7684\u53d9\u8ff0\u88ab\u5220\u53bb\uff1b\u903b\u8f91\u5173\u8054\u4e0e\u7ed3\u6784\u79e9\u5e8f\u7684\u8ba8\u8bba\u88ab\u5220\u53bb\uff1b\u5b9e\u8df5\u8fc7\u7a0b\u7684\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e5f\u88ab\u5220\u53bb\u3002\u5982\u6b64\u4e00\u6765\uff0c\u80fd\u591f\u5145\u5b9e\u7bb4\u8a00\u7684\uff0c\u4fbf\u53ea\u5269\u4e0b\u76f8\u5f53\u5206\u91cf\u7684\u89c2\u5bdf\u6240\u5f97\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u552f\u6709\u90a3\u4e9b\u771f\u6b63\u6839\u57fa\u6df1\u539a\u3001\u5b66\u8bc6\u7a33\u56fa\u7684\u4eba\uff0c\u624d\u8db3\u4ee5\u2014\u2014\u5e76\u4e14\u7406\u6027\u4e0a\u4e5f\u624d\u4f1a\u5c1d\u8bd5\u4ee5\u7bb4\u8a00\u65b9\u5f0f\u5199\u4f5c\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

        \ud83d\udca1\u5b66\u4e60\u7b14\u8bb0\uff1a<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

          \n
        1. Weick\u5728\u8fd9\u4e00\u6bb5\u627f\u63a5\u4e0a\u4e00\u6bb5\u5f15\u7528\u62c9\u7ef4\u8328\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u79d1\u5b66\u77e5\u8bc6\u53ef\u80fd\u66f4\u63a5\u8fd1\u7bb4\u8a00\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e00\u6bb5\u76f4\u63a5\u63f4\u5f15\u57f9\u6839\uff0c\u8fd9\u4f4d\u73b0\u4ee3\u79d1\u5b66\u4f20\u7edf\u7684\u5f00\u521b\u8005\u7684\u8bdd\uff0c\u662f\u4e3a\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7406\u8bba\u7684\u8fd9\u79cd\u201c\u7bb4\u8a00\u201d\u5f0f\u5199\u4f5c\u65b9\u5f0f\u7684\u8fa9\u62a4\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u8fd9\u79cd\u8868\u8fbe\u65b9\u5f0f\u4e0d\u50cf\u81ea\u7136\u79d1\u5b66\u547d\u9898\u3001\u4e5f\u4e0d\u5bb9\u6613\u88ab\u5f62\u5f0f\u5316\uff0c\u4f46\u786e\u6781\u5177\u89e3\u91ca\u529b\u3002\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8bf4\uff0c\u597d\u7684\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7406\u8bba\uff0c\u4e0d\u4e00\u5b9a\u662f\u5b8c\u6574\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u4f46\u4e00\u5b9a\u662f\u5bcc\u6709\u6d1e\u89c1\u7684\u8868\u8fbe\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n
        2. Weick\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8868\u8ff0\u662f\u60f3\u8bf4\uff0c\u4e0d\u662f\u50cf\u81ea\u7136\u79d1\u5b66\u4e00\u6837\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u624d\u7b97\u77e5\u8bc6\uff0c\u51dd\u7ec3\u7684\u6d1e\u89c1\u3001\u7ecf\u9a8c\u6c89\u6dc0\u540e\u7684\u7bb4\u8a00\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u662f\u77e5\u8bc6\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u8fd9\u79cd\u77e5\u8bc6\u7684\u8f93\u51fa\u65b9\u5f0f\u5bf9\u4f5c\u8005\u7684\u8981\u6c42\u66f4\u9ad8\uff0c\u96be\u5ea6\u66f4\u5927\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n

          \uff08\u4e0b\u4e00\u671f\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u7ee7\u7eed\u5b66\u4e60\uff09<\/p>\n\n\n\n

          \u672c\u6587\u9009\u81ea\u5361\u5c14\u00b7E\u00b7\u97e6\u514b\u300a\u7ec4\u7ec7\u5316\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\uff08\u7b2c\u4e8c\u7248\uff09\u300b\u76f8\u5173\u7ae0\u8282\uff0c\u539f\u4e66\u4e3a\uff1aThe Social Psychology of Organizing (Second Edition)<\/em>\uff0cKarl E. Weick \uff0cADDISON-WESLEY PUBLISHING COMPANY\uff0c1979\u3002\u4e3a\u9605\u8bfb\u53ca\u6392\u7248\u4fbf\u5229\uff0c\u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\u4e2d\u5220\u53bb\u4e86\u90e8\u5206\u6ce8\u91ca\uff0c\u6709\u9700\u8981\u7684\u8bfb\u8005\u53ef\u53c2\u8003\u539f\u6587\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

          \u58f0\u660e\uff1a\u672c\u7b14\u8bb0\u5185\u5bb9\u4e3a\u4e2a\u4eba\u7814\u8bfb\u7ba1\u7406\u5b66\u7684\u5b66\u4e60\u7b14\u8bb0\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\uff1a\u5bf9\u539f\u6587\u7684\u4e2a\u4eba\u7ffb\u8bd1\u3001\u4e2a\u4eba\u89e3\u8bfb\u3001\u903b\u8f91\u68b3\u7406\u3001\u601d\u8003\u8bc4\u8bba\u53ca\u77e5\u8bc6\u62d3\u5c55\u7b49\u5185\u5bb9\u3002\u5b66\u4e60\u7b14\u8bb0\u4ec5\u4ee3\u8868\u4e2a\u4eba\u89c2\u70b9\uff0c\u4ec5\u7528\u4e8e\u5b66\u672f\u4ea4\u6d41\u53ca\u514d\u8d39\u5206\u4eab\uff0c\u65e0\u4efb\u4f55\u5546\u4e1a\u76ee\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

          \u63a5\u4e0a\u671f\uff1a\u300a\u7ec4\u7ec7\u793e\u4f1a\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u300b\u5b66\u4e60\u7b14\u8bb0 034 \u539f\u6587\uff1aMany of my favorite concepts, … <\/p>\n

          \u7ee7\u7eed\u9605\u8bfb\u201c\u300a\u7ec4\u7ec7\u793e\u4f1a\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u300b\u5b66\u4e60\u7b14\u8bb0 035\u201d<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/mooda.com.cn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1438"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/mooda.com.cn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/mooda.com.cn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mooda.com.cn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mooda.com.cn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=1438"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/mooda.com.cn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1438\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1439,"href":"https:\/\/mooda.com.cn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1438\/revisions\/1439"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/mooda.com.cn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=1438"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}