{"id":1424,"date":"2026-05-29T17:39:31","date_gmt":"2026-05-29T09:39:31","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/mooda.com.cn\/?page_id=1424"},"modified":"2026-05-29T17:39:31","modified_gmt":"2026-05-29T09:39:31","slug":"%e3%80%8a%e7%bb%84%e7%bb%87%e7%a4%be%e4%bc%9a%e5%bf%83%e7%90%86%e5%ad%a6%e3%80%8b%e5%ad%a6%e4%b9%a0%e7%ac%94%e8%ae%b0-032","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/mooda.com.cn\/?page_id=1424","title":{"rendered":"\u300a\u7ec4\u7ec7\u793e\u4f1a\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u300b\u5b66\u4e60\u7b14\u8bb0 032"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><em>\u63a5\u4e0a\u671f\uff1a<\/em><a href=\"https:\/\/mp.weixin.qq.com\/s?__biz=MzI5MjIxMzQxMA==&amp;mid=2247493112&amp;idx=1&amp;sn=1334a7d676b874705d864ead2febfe81&amp;scene=21#wechat_redirect\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">\u300a\u7ec4\u7ec7\u793e\u4f1a\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u300b\u5b66\u4e60\u7b14\u8bb0 031<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Acknowledge Tradeoffs<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u627f\u8ba4\u6743\u8861\u53d6\u820d<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u539f\u6587\uff1aA person who can identify the inevitable tradeoffs in inquiry and relax gracefully having done so is a seasoned inquirer. One version of these tradeoffs is found in Thorngate&#8217;s (1976) postulate of commensurate complexity. This postulate states that it is impossible for a theory of social behavior to be simultaneously general, accurate, and simple. The more general a simple theory is, for example, the less accurate it will be in predicting specifics.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\uff1a\u80fd\u591f\u8bc6\u522b\u63a2\u7a76\u4e2d\u4e0d\u53ef\u907f\u514d\u7684\u6743\u8861\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u8bc6\u522b\u4e4b\u540e\u4f18\u96c5\u5730\u653e\u677e\u7684\u4eba\uff0c\u662f\u4e00\u4f4d\u6210\u719f\u7684\u3001\u7ecf\u9a8c\u4e30\u5bcc\u7684\u63a2\u7a76\u8005\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6743\u8861\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u7248\u672c\uff0c\u89c1\u4e8e\u7d22\u6069\u76d6\u7279\u7684\u76f8\u79f0\u590d\u6742\u6027\u5047\u8bf4\u3002\u8be5\u5047\u8bf4\u58f0\u79f0\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u793e\u4f1a\u884c\u4e3a\u7406\u8bba\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u540c\u65f6\u505a\u5230\u666e\u9002\u6027\u3001\u51c6\u786e\u6027\u548c\u7b80\u5355\u6027\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u7b80\u5355\u7406\u8bba\u8d8a\u662f\u666e\u904d\uff0c\u5b83\u5728\u9884\u6d4b\u5177\u4f53\u60c5\u5883\u65f6\u5c31\u8d8a\u4e0d\u51c6\u786e\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\ud83d\udccc \u5b66\u4e60\u7b14\u8bb0<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol>\n<li>\u4f18\u96c5\u7684\u653e\u677e\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u7684\u6210\u719f\u5883\u754c\uff0c\u4e0d\u6210\u719f\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u4f1a\u8ffd\u6c42\u4e09\u8005\u517c\u5f97\uff0c\u4ea7\u751f\u7126\u8651\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u81ea\u6b3a\u6b3a\u4eba\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Weick\u5728\u6b64\u7ed9\u51fa\u4e86\u5176\u7406\u8bba\u80cc\u540e\u7406\u8bba\u2014\u2014\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u793e\u4f1a\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u5bb6\u6c83\u4f26\u00b7\u7d22\u6069\u76d6\u7279\u3002\u7d22\u6069\u76d6\u7279\u4ee5\u5176\u5b9e\u9a8c\u793e\u4f1a\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u65b9\u6cd5\u8bba\u53ca\u7ec4\u7ec7\u60c5\u5883\u4e2d\u7684\u4eba\u7c7b\u5224\u65ad\u4e0e\u51b3\u7b56\u7814\u7a76\u800c\u77e5\u540d\u3002\u5728\u4e0a\u4e2a\u4e16\u7eaa70\u5e74\u4ee3\uff0c\u8bb8\u591a\u793e\u4f1a\u79d1\u5b66\u957f\u671f\u8bd5\u56fe\u6a21\u4eff\u8fc7\u7269\u7406\u5b66\uff0c\u5e0c\u671b\u627e\u5230\u7c7b\u4f3cF=ma\u8fd9\u6837\u7269\u7406\u5b9a\u5f8b\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u5b66\u516c\u5f0f\uff0c\u4f46\u7ed3\u679c\u5374\u662f\u7406\u8bba\u8d8a\u6765\u8d8a\u591a\uff0c\u4f46\u73b0\u5b9e\u89e3\u91ca\u529b\u6216\u9884\u6d4b\u80fd\u529b\u5374\u8d8a\u6765\u8d8a\u5dee\uff1f\u7d22\u6069\u76d6\u7279\u610f\u8bc6\u5230\uff0c\u8fd9\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u7814\u7a76\u4eba\u5458\u4e0d\u884c\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u4eba\u7c7b\u793e\u4f1a\u7cfb\u7edf\u672c\u8eab\u5177\u6709\u9ad8\u5ea6\u60c5\u5883\u6027\u3001\u81ea\u6211\u53cd\u601d\u6027\u3001\u5386\u53f2\u4f9d\u8d56\u3001\u6587\u5316\u5dee\u5f02\u7b49\u7279\u6027\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8bf4\uff0c\u793e\u4f1a\u73b0\u5b9e\u672c\u8eab\u8d85\u51fa\u4e86\u7b80\u5355\u7406\u8bba\u7684\u627f\u8f7d\u80fd\u529b\u3002\u7d22\u6069\u76d6\u7279\u7684\u6700\u5927\u8d21\u732e\u5728\u4e8e\uff0c\u628a\u590d\u6742\u6027\u4ece\u4e00\u79cd\u7406\u8bba\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u969c\u788d\uff0c\u5347\u534e\u4e3a\u4e00\u79cd\u8ba4\u8bc6\u8bba\u73b0\u5b9e\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u987a\u4fbf\u8bf4\u4e00\u53e5\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u7d22\u6069\u76d6\u7279\u672c\u4eba\u6bd4\u8f83\u5c0f\u4f17\uff0c\u5176\u8bba\u6587\u53ca\u8457\u4f5c\u6211\u90fd\u90fd\u627e\u5230\u4e2d\u8bd1\u672c\uff0c\u6211\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\u6240\u91c7\u7528\u7684\u540d\u5b57\u4e2d\u6587\u8bd1\u6cd5\u53ef\u80fd\u4e0d\u51c6\u786e\uff0c\u5982\u53d1\u73b0\u6709\u8bef\uff0c\u8bf7\u6307\u6b63\uff01postulate of commensurate complexity\u6709\u4e0d\u540c\u8bd1\u6cd5\uff0c\u672c\u7b14\u8bb0\u91c7\u7528\u201c\u76f8\u5bf9\u79f0\u7684\u590d\u6742\u6027\u539f\u7406\u201d\u7684\u8bd1\u6cd5\uff0c\u8bf7\u81ea\u884c\u5206\u8fa8\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u770b\uff0c\u7d22\u6069\u76d6\u7279\u5bf9\u4eca\u5929\u201c\u7ba1\u7406\u9e21\u6c64\u201d\u7684\u6d41\u884c\u65e9\u5df2\u505a\u597d\u4e86\u9884\u5224\u3002\u56e0\u4e3a\u9e21\u6c64\u3001\u4e00\u53e5\u8bdd\u7ba1\u7406\u7279\u522b\u6d41\u884c\uff0c\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u8fd9\u4e9b\u89c2\u70b9\u6ee1\u8db3\u4e86\u7b80\u5355\u6027\u3001\u666e\u904d\u6027\uff0c\u4f20\u64ad\u529b\u6781\u5f3a\uff0c\u4f46\u51c6\u786e\u6027\u975e\u5e38\u6709\u9650\u3002\u8b6c\u5982\u201c\u6267\u884c\u529b\u4e3a\u738b\u201d\u3001\u201c\u7ba1\u7406\u5c31\u662f\u6fc0\u52b1\u201d\u7b49\u7b49\u8bf4\u6cd5\u5c31\u5f88\u5bb9\u6613\u4f20\u64ad\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5927\u4f17\u4f20\u64ad\u5929\u7136\u5c31\u559c\u6b22\u5177\u5907\u7b80\u5355\u6027\u3001\u666e\u904d\u6027\u7684\u8bf4\u6cd5\uff0c\u800c\u538c\u6076\u66f4\u590d\u6742\u3001\u66f4\u51c6\u786e\u7684\u8bf4\u6cd5\u3002\u4f46\u4f5c\u4e3a\u7ba1\u7406\u8005\u5c31\u8981\u591a\u60f3\u4e00\u6b65\uff0c\u4e00\u5b9a\u8981\u8b66\u60d5\uff0c\u8981\u77e5\u9053\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7406\u8bba\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u8ba8\u597d\u4e86\u5927\u4f17\u5374\u4e0d\u597d\u7528\uff1f\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7406\u8bba\u662f\u5426\u5ffd\u7565\u4e86\u4ec0\u4e48\uff1f<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u539f\u6587\uff1aTo grasp the implications of this postulate imagine the face of a clock (see Fig. 2.1). At twelve o&#8217;clock is inscribed the word general, at four o&#8217;clock is inscribed the word accurate, and at eight o&#8217;clock is inscribed the word simple.The mnemonic device to store away these observations is simply the word GAS (or SAG). If we array this postulate across the clock face, we can see the dilemma inherent in any research. If you try to secure any two of the virtues of generality, accuracy, and simplicity, you automatically sacrifice the third one.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\uff1a\u4e3a\u4e86\u628a\u63e1\u8fd9\u4e00\u5047\u8bf4\u7684\u542b\u4e49\uff0c\u60f3\u8c61\u4e00\u4e2a\u949f\u9762\u300212\u70b9\u949f\u4f4d\u7f6e\u523b\u6709&#8221;\u666e\u9002&#8221;\uff0c4\u70b9\u949f\u4f4d\u7f6e\u523b\u6709&#8221;\u7cbe\u786e&#8221;\uff0c8\u70b9\u949f\u4f4d\u7f6e\u523b\u6709&#8221;\u7b80\u6d01&#8221;\u3002\u50a8\u5b58\u8fd9\u4e9b\u89c2\u5bdf\u7684\u8bb0\u5fc6\u672f\u88c5\u7f6e\u5c31\u662f\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u5355\u8bcdGAS\uff08\u6216SAG\uff09\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u8fd9\u4e00\u5047\u8bf4\u6392\u5217\u5728\u949f\u9762\u4e0a\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u5230\u4efb\u4f55\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\u56fa\u6709\u7684\u56f0\u5883\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u8bd5\u56fe\u83b7\u5f97\u666e\u9002\u6027\u3001\u7cbe\u786e\u6027\u3001\u7b80\u6d01\u6027\u8fd9\u4e09\u8005\u4e2d\u7684\u4efb\u4f55\u4e24\u4e2a\uff0c\u4f60\u5c31\u81ea\u52a8\u727a\u7272\u4e86\u7b2c\u4e09\u4e2a\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\ud83d\udccc \u5b66\u4e60\u7b14\u8bb0<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol>\n<li>\u5728\u4e0a\u6bb5\u7684\u7b80\u5355\u5f15\u7528\u5e76\u94fa\u57ab\u540e\uff0cWeick\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\u5c55\u5f00\u60f3\u8c61\uff0c\u5c06\u7d22\u6069\u76d6\u7279\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u610f\u8c61\u5316\uff0c\u6f14\u7ece\u6210\u8457\u540d\u7684\u65f6\u949f\u6a21\u578b\uff0c\u8be5\u6a21\u578b\u5de7\u5999\u4f7f\u7528\u4e86\u949f\u8868\u8868\u76d8\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\u65f6\u95f4\u523b\u5ea6\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\u4e3a\u9690\u55bb\uff0c\u5747\u5300\u5e03\u7f6eGeneral\u666e\u9002\u6027\u3001Accurate\u7cbe\u786e\u6027\u3001Simple\u7b80\u6d01\u6027\uff0c\u5e76\u5e7d\u9ed8\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u8fd9\u4e09\u4e2a\u5355\u8bcd\u7684\u9996\u5b57\u6bcd\u7ec4\u6210GAS\uff0c\u800c\u62ec\u53f7\u91cc\u63d0\u5230SAG\uff0c\u6211\u731c\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u6697\u793a\u7406\u8bba\u7814\u7a76\u8ffd\u6c42\u7684\u53e6\u4e00\u79cd\u987a\u5e8f\uff08\u7b80\u6d01-\u7cbe\u786e-\u666e\u9002\uff09\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u6f6e\u6d41\u8fd8\u662f\u6587\u5316\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u5462\uff1f\u6211\u4e0d\u77e5\u9053\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u6211\u4eec\u901a\u8fc7\u5c06G\u3001A\u3001S\u4e09\u4e2a\u5b57\u6bcd\uff0c\u8fdb\u884c\u4e24\u4e24\u7ec4\u548c\uff0c\u4e0d\u96be\u5f97\u5230\uff1aG+S\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u666e\u9002\u6027+\u7b80\u6d01\u6027\uff0c\u8fd9\u4ee3\u8868\u7740\u5b8f\u5927\u7406\u8bba\u3001\u7cfb\u7edf\u8bba\u53d6\u5411\uff0c\u6b64\u65f6\uff0c\u5fc5\u7136\u727a\u7272A\u7cbe\u786e\u6027\uff0c\u6b64\u65f6\u8981\u727a\u7272\u7406\u8bba\u7684\u9884\u6d4b\u80fd\u529bS+A\uff0cS\u7b80\u6d01+A\u7cbe\u786e\uff0c\u4ee3\u8868\u4e2d\u5c42\u7406\u8bba\uff0c\u4e2a\u6848\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u6b64\u65f6\uff0c\u5fc5\u7136\u727a\u7272G\u666e\u9002\u6027\uff0c\u6b64\u65f6\u8981\u727a\u7272\u7406\u8bba\u7684\u8de8\u60c5\u666f\u63a8\u5e7f\u80fd\u529b\u3002A+G\uff0cA\u7cbe\u786e+G\u666e\u9002\uff0c\u4ee3\u8868\u590d\u6742\u6a21\u578b\uff0c\u5982\u7cfb\u7edf\u52a8\u529b\u5b66\u3001\u5927\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u6b64\u65f6\u8981\u727a\u7272\u7406\u8bba\u7684\u7b80\u6d01\u6027\u3002<br>Weick\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709\u6b63\u786e\u7684\u7b56\u7565\uff0c\u53ea\u6709\u5408\u9002\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u7b56\u7565\uff0c\u5173\u952e\u662f\u8981\u77e5\u9053\u81ea\u5df1\u5728\u727a\u7272\u4ec0\u4e48\u3002\u518d\u6b21\u91cd\u7533Know What You\u2019re Doing\u7684\u542b\u4e49\uff0c\u77e5\u9053\u81ea\u5df1\u5728\u505a\u4ec0\u4e48\uff0c\u5728\u653e\u5f03\u4ec0\u4e48\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Weick \u4ee5\u949f\u8868\u8868\u76d8\u7684\u949f\u9762\u4f4d\u7f6e\u4e3a\u9690\u55bb\uff0c\u5c06\u793e\u4f1a\u7814\u7a76\u7406\u8bba\u5efa\u6784\u7684\u6c38\u6052\u56f0\u5883\u53ef\u89c6\u5316\u2014\u2014\u666e\u9002\u6027\u3001\u7cbe\u786e\u6027\u3001\u7b80\u6d01\u6027\uff0c\u4e09\u8005\u4e0d\u53ef\u517c\u5f97\u3002\u6210\u719f\u7684\u63a2\u7a76\u8005\u4e0d\u662f\u90a3\u4e2a\u627e\u5230\u201d\u5b8c\u7f8e\u5e73\u8861\u70b9\u201d\u7684\u4eba\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u90a3\u4e2a\u77e5\u9053\u81ea\u5df1\u7ad9\u5728\u949f\u9762\u7684\u54ea\u4e2a\u4f4d\u7f6e\u3001\u77e5\u9053\u81ea\u5df1\u653e\u5f03\u4e86\u54ea\u4e2a\u65b9\u5411\u3001\u5e76\u4f18\u96c5\u5730\u63a5\u53d7\u8fd9\u79cd\u653e\u5f03\u7684\u4eba\u3002<br><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u201cGAS&#8221;\u4e0d\u662f\u4ee4\u4eba\u7edd\u671b\u7684\u56f0\u5883\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u8ba9\u4eba\u6e05\u9192\u7684\u63d0\u9192\uff1a\u6bcf\u5f53\u6211\u4eec\u8d5e\u7f8e\u4e00\u4e2a\u7406\u8bba\u7684\u666e\u9002\u6027\u53ca\u7b80\u6d01\u6027\u65f6\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5e94\u8be5\u81ea\u89c9\u8be5\u7406\u8bba\u5bf9&#8221;\u7cbe\u786e\u6027&#8221;\u7684\u727a\u7272\uff1b\u6bcf\u5f53\u6211\u4eec\u6b23\u8d4f\u4e00\u4e2a\u7406\u8bba\u6216\u6848\u4f8b\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u7b80\u6d01\u6027\u3001\u7cbe\u786e\u6027\u65f6\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5e94\u8be5\u770b\u89c1\u8fd9\u662f\u4ee5\u666e\u9002\u6027\u7684\u4e27\u5931\u4e3a\u4ee3\u4ef7\u7684\u3002\u800c\u8fd9\u79cd\u540c\u65f6\u770b\u89c1\u5f97\u4e0e\u5931\u7684\u80fd\u529b\uff0c\u6b63\u662f\u672c\u6bb5&#8221;\u627f\u8ba4\u6743\u8861&#8221;\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f&#8221;\u77e5\u9053\u4f60\u5728\u505a\u4ec0\u4e48&#8221;\u7684\u6df1\u5316\u3002\u56e0\u4e3a\u6700\u7ec8\uff0c\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7406\u8bba\u5efa\u6784\u4e0d\u662f\u5173\u4e8e&#8221;\u627e\u5230\u6b63\u786e\u7b54\u6848&#8221;\u7684\u671d\u5723\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u5173\u4e8e&#8221;\u5728\u949f\u9762\u4e0a\u9009\u62e9\u4f4d\u7f6e&#8221;\u7684\u827a\u672f\u2014\u2014\u800c\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u5c31\u610f\u5473\u7740\u653e\u5f03\uff1b\u653e\u5f03\uff0c\u5c31\u610f\u5473\u7740\u8bda\u5b9e\uff1b\u8bda\u5b9e\uff0c\u5c31\u610f\u5473\u7740\u6210\u719f\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u539f\u6587\uff1aConsider some examples. Two o&#8217;clock research is general and accurate but is also difficult. Psychoanalytic theory (Fenichel 1945), Levinson&#8217;s book on organizational diagnosis (Levinson 1972), and Bateson&#8217;s (1972) work are good examples. Six o&#8217;clock research is accurate and simple, but its generality is suspect. Coalition theory (Komorita and Chertkoff 1973), much of which is tied to highly contrived situations, is a good example of this position. It&#8217;s interesting that lab studies as well as case studies share positions at six o\u2019clock. Both preserve accuracy and simplicity and sacrifice general relevance. The final position, ten o&#8217;clock research, combines generality and simplicity at the expense of accuracy. Concepts such as the organized anarchy, loose coupling, deviation amplification, and the Peter Principle illustrate this position.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\uff1a\u8003\u8651\u4e00\u4e9b\u4f8b\u5b50\u3002\u4e24\u70b9\u949f\u65b9\u5411\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u5177\u6709\u666e\u9002\u6027\u548c\u7cbe\u786e\u6027\uff0c\u4f46\u5b9e\u73b0\u8d77\u6765\u4e5f\u5f88\u56f0\u96be\u3002\u7cbe\u795e\u5206\u6790\u7406\u8bba\u8d39\u5c3c\u5207\u5c14\u3001\u83b1\u6587\u68ee\u7684\u7ec4\u7ec7\u8bca\u65ad\u8457\u4f5c\u4ee5\u53ca\u8d1d\u7279\u68ee\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u90fd\u662f\u5f88\u597d\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\u3002\u516d\u70b9\u949f\u65b9\u5411\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u5177\u6709\u7cbe\u786e\u6027\u548c\u7b80\u6d01\u6027\uff0c\u4f46\u5176\u666e\u9002\u6027\u503c\u5f97\u6000\u7591\u3002\u8054\u76df\u7406\u8bba\u5c31\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5f88\u597d\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\uff0c\u8be5\u7406\u8bba\u5f88\u5927\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\u4e0e\u9ad8\u5ea6\u4eba\u4e3a\u63a7\u5236\u7684\u60c5\u5883\u7ed1\u5b9a\u3002\u6709\u8da3\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u5b9e\u9a8c\u5ba4\u7814\u7a76\u548c\u6848\u4f8b\u7814\u7a76\u90fd\u4f4d\u4e8e\u516d\u70b9\u949f\u65b9\u5411\u2014\u2014\u4e24\u8005\u90fd\u4fdd\u6301\u4e86\u7cbe\u786e\u6027\u548c\u7b80\u6d01\u6027\uff0c\u5374\u727a\u7272\u4e86\u666e\u9002\u6027\u3002\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u4e2a\u4f4d\u7f6e\u662f\u5341\u70b9\u949f\u65b9\u5411\u7684\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u5b83\u7ed3\u5408\u4e86\u666e\u9002\u6027\u548c\u7b80\u6d01\u6027\uff0c\u4f46\u4ee5\u7cbe\u786e\u6027\u4e3a\u4ee3\u4ef7\u3002\u8bf8\u5982&#8221;\u6709\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7684\u6df7\u4e71&#8221;\u3001&#8221;\u677e\u6563\u8026\u5408&#8221;\u3001&#8221;\u504f\u5dee\u653e\u5927&#8221;\u548c&#8221;\u5f7c\u5f97\u539f\u7406&#8221;\u7b49\u6982\u5ff5\u90fd\u4f53\u73b0\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e00\u4f4d\u7f6e\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"760\" src=\"https:\/\/mooda.com.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/image-39-1024x760.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1425\" srcset=\"https:\/\/mooda.com.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/image-39-1024x760.png 1024w, https:\/\/mooda.com.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/image-39-300x223.png 300w, https:\/\/mooda.com.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/image-39-768x570.png 768w, https:\/\/mooda.com.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/image-39.png 1080w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 767px) 89vw, (max-width: 1000px) 54vw, (max-width: 1071px) 543px, 580px\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n<p><strong>\ud83d\udccc \u5b66\u4e60\u7b14\u8bb0<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Weick\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\u5f00\u59cb\u901a\u8fc7\u4e3e\u4f8b\u5b50\u6765\u8bf4\u660e\uff0c\u5e76\u76f4\u63a5\u4f7f\u7528\u4e24\u70b9\u949f\uff08\u666e\u9002\u6027+\u7cbe\u786e\u6027\uff09\u3001\u516d\u70b9\u949f\uff08\u7cbe\u786e\u6027+\u7b80\u6d01\u6027\uff09\u3001\u5341\u70b9\u949f\uff08\u666e\u9002\u6027+\u7b80\u6d01\u6027\uff09\u8fdb\u884c\u8bf4\u660e\uff0c\u4e09\u4e2a\u4f4d\u7f6e\u7684\u6df1\u5c42\u89e3\u8bfb\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol>\n<li>\u4e24\u70b9\u949f\u7814\u7a76\uff1a\u7406\u8bba\u6574\u5408\u7684\u8270\u96be\u4e4b\u8def<br>Weick\u5b89\u6392\u5728\u4e24\u70b9\u949f\u4f4d\u7f6e\u9996\u5148\u51fa\u573a\u7684\u662f\u7cbe\u795e\u5206\u6790\u7406\u8bba\uff0cWeick\u6ca1\u6709\u9009\u62e9\u6211\u4eec\u719f\u77e5\u7684\u5f17\u6d1b\u4f0a\u5fb7\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u8d39\u5c3c\u5207\u5c14\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u8d39\u5c3c\u5207\u5c14\u662f\u7cbe\u795e\u5206\u6790\u7406\u8bba\u7684\u6574\u5408\u8005\uff0c\u88ab\u5f17\u6d1b\u4f0a\u5fb7\u7684\u5973\u513f\u5b89\u5a1c\u79f0\u4e3a\u201c\u5bf9\u7cbe\u795e\u5206\u6790\u5b66\u62e5\u6709\u65e0\u7a77\u77e5\u8bc6\u548c\u65e0\u53ef\u6bd4\u62df\u7684\u7ec4\u7ec7\u5448\u73b0\u4e8b\u5b9e\u80fd\u529b\u7684\u4eba\u201d\uff0c\u4ed6\u8bd5\u56fe\u5c06\u7cbe\u795e\u5206\u6790\u8bde\u751f\u4ee5\u6765\u534a\u4e2a\u4e16\u7eaa\u7684\u6240\u6709\u795e\u7ecf\u75c7\u7814\u7a76\u6210\u679c\u6574\u5408\u6210\u4e00\u4e2a\u7edf\u4e00\u7684\u3001\u7cfb\u7edf\u5316\u7684\u8457\u4f5c\u2014\u20141945\u5e74\u51fa\u7248\u7684\u300aThe Psychoanalytic Theory of Neurosis\u300b\u3002\u5982\u679c\u8bf4\u5f17\u6d1b\u4f0a\u5fb7\u662f\u5f00\u521b\u8005\u3001\u53d1\u73b0\u8005\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u8d39\u5c3c\u5207\u5c14\u5c31\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u8bd5\u56fe\u5c06\u7cbe\u795e\u5206\u6790\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b66\u79d1\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u6574\u5408\u8005\u3002\u5982\u679c\u8bf4\u5f17\u6d1b\u4f0a\u5fb7\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u662f\u677e\u6563\u5e9e\u6742\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u77e5\u8bc6\uff0c\u8d39\u5c3c\u5207\u5c14\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u5219\u662f\u7cfb\u7edf\u5316\u3001\u5b8c\u5907\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\u8d39\u5c3c\u5207\u5c14\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u66f4\u7b26\u5408\u666e\u9002\u6027+\u7cbe\u786e\u6027\u7684\u4e24\u70b9\u949f\u7279\u5f81\u3002<br>\u540c\u6837\u88ab\u5217\u5165\u4e24\u70b9\u949f\u4f4d\u7f6e\u7684\u8fd8\u6709\u83b1\u6587\u68ee\u6709\u5173\u7ec4\u7ec7\u8bca\u65ad\u7684\u8457\u4f5c\uff08\u4e2d\u6587\u7248\u4f3c\u4e4e\u4e5f\u5f88\u5c11\uff09\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u8d1d\u7279\u68ee\uff08\u5176\u8457\u4f5cMind and Nature\u6709\u4e2d\u6587\u7248\uff0c\u6211\u6ca1\u770b\u8fc7\uff0c\u4e0d\u77e5\u9053\u4ec0\u4e48\u539f\u56e0\uff0c\u8c46\u74e3\u4e0a\u7684\u8bc4\u4ef7\u8912\u8d2c\u4e0d\u4e00\uff09\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u524d\u8005\u662f\u5c06\u4e34\u5e8a\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u65b9\u6cd5\u7cfb\u7edf\u5e94\u7528\u4e8e\u7ec4\u7ec7\u8bca\u65ad\uff0c\u540e\u8005\u8bd5\u56fe\u5c06\u63a7\u5236\u8bba\u3001\u7cfb\u7edf\u8bba\u3001\u4eba\u7c7b\u5b66\u6574\u5408\u4e3a\u7edf\u4e00\u6846\u67b6\u3002\u4e24\u70b9\u949f\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u5927\u591a\u5177\u6709\u8de8\u9886\u57df\u3001\u5927\u5c3a\u5ea6\u3001\u9ad8\u5ea6\u6574\u5408\u7684\u7279\u70b9\u3002<br>\u6240\u4ee5\uff0c\u4e24\u70b9\u949f\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u4e0d\u4ec5\u672c\u8eab\u662f\u8270\u96be\u7684\uff0c\u60f3\u8981\u5b66\u4e60\u7406\u89e3\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7406\u8bba\uff0c\u5bf9\u666e\u901a\u4eba\u800c\u8a00\u4e5f\u662f\u8270\u96be\u7684\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u516d\u70b9\u949f\u7814\u7a76\uff1a\u65b9\u6cd5\u4e25\u8c28\u4f46\u60c5\u5883\u53d7\u9650<br>Weick\u8fd9\u91cc\u63d0\u5230\u7684\u8054\u76df\u7406\u8bba\uff0c\u540c\u6837\u6ca1\u6709\u8bfb\u8fc7\uff0c\u5e94\u8be5\u662f\u6307\u793e\u4f1a\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u4e2d\u7684\u535a\u5f08\u5b9e\u9a8c\uff0c\u5728\u4e25\u683c\u63a7\u5236\u6761\u4ef6\u4e0b\u7814\u7a76\u8054\u76df\u5f62\u6210\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u3002Weick\u6697\u793a\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7406\u8bba\u7684\u5b9e\u9a8c\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u5728\u5b9e\u9a8c\u5ba4\u5185\u9ad8\u5ea6\u51c6\u786e\u3001\u6a21\u578b\u7b80\u6d01\uff0c\u4f46\u80fd\u5426\u63a8\u5e7f\u5230\u771f\u5b9e\u653f\u6cbb\u6216\u7ec4\u7ec7\u60c5\u5883\uff1f\u5176\u666e\u9002\u6027\u5b58\u7591\u3002\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\uff0cWeick\u6307\u51fa\u6848\u4f8b\u7814\u7a76\u4e5f\u662f\u7c7b\u4f3c\uff0c\u5b9e\u9a8c\u5ba4\u7814\u7a76\u662f\u901a\u8fc7\u63a7\u5236\u53d8\u4e86\u83b7\u5f97\u7cbe\u786e\u6027\uff0c\u6848\u4f8b\u7814\u7a76\u662f\u901a\u8fc7\u6df1\u5ea6\u6c89\u6d78\u83b7\u5f97\u7cbe\u786e\u6027\uff0c\u4e24\u8005\u90fd\u56e0\u4e3a\u60c5\u5883\u7684\u7279\u6b8a\u6027\u800c\u96be\u4ee5\u63a8\u5e7f\uff0c\u53ef\u8c13\u6b8a\u9014\u540c\u5f52\u3002<br><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u5341\u70b9\u949f\u7814\u7a76\uff1a\u667a\u6167\u4f46\u5371\u9669\u7684\u7b80\u5316<br>\u8fd9\u4e5f\u662fWeick\u672c\u4eba\u6700\u611f\u5174\u8da3\u4e5f\u6700\u8b66\u60d5\u7684\u533a\u57df\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u6240\u6709\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7406\u8bba\u4e2d\u6700\u201d\u76db\u4ea7\u201d\u6982\u5ff5\u7684\u5730\u5e26\uff0c\u8b6c\u5982\uff1a\u6709\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7684\u6df7\u4e71\u7406\u8bba\uff0c\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e86\u51b3\u7b56\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u7684\u6df7\u4e71\u6027\uff0c\u4f46\u8fc7\u5ea6\u7b80\u5316\u4e86\u7ec4\u7ec7\u4e2d\u7684\u7406\u6027\u6210\u5206\uff1b\u677e\u6563\u8026\u5408\u5f3a\u8c03\u4e86\u7ec4\u7ec7\u5404\u90e8\u5206\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5f31\u8fde\u63a5\uff0c\u4f46\u5ffd\u7565\u4e86\u7d27\u5bc6\u8026\u5408\u4e5f\u662f\u5b58\u5728\u7684\uff1b\u504f\u5dee\u653e\u5927\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e86\u5c0f\u504f\u5dee\u5982\u4f55\u88ab\u653e\u5927\uff0c\u4f46\u5374\u65e0\u6cd5\u9884\u6d4b\u4f55\u65f6\u4f1a\u505c\u6b62\uff0c\u5f7c\u5f97\u539f\u7406\u6307\u51fa\u5458\u5de5\u4f1a\u664b\u5347\u5230\u4e0d\u80dc\u4efb\u7684\u804c\u4f4d\uff0c\u4f46\u7f3a\u4e4f\u5b9e\u8bc1\u7684\u8d5a\u94b1\u6027\u7b49\u7b49\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7406\u8bba\u6216\u4ee5\u77ed\u8bed\u53e3\u53f7\u3001\u683c\u8a00\u6216\u9690\u55bb\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u5448\u73b0\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5176\u6293\u4f4f\u7ec4\u7ec7\u4e2d\u7684\u67d0\u79cd\u201c\u771f\u76f8\u201d\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u5f88\u5bb9\u6613\u5f15\u8d77\u5e7f\u6cdb\u7684\u76f4\u89c9\u5171\u9e23\uff0c\u52a0\u4e0a\u7b80\u5355\u3001\u7b26\u5408\u5927\u4f17\u4f20\u64ad\u7684\u7279\u70b9\uff0c\u800c\u88ab\u5e7f\u6cdb\u6d41\u4f20\u3002\u4f46\u56e0\u4e3a\u7f3a\u5c11\u4e86\u7cbe\u786e\u6027\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u5728\u67d0\u79cd\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\u4e27\u5931\u4e86\u9884\u6d4b\u80fd\u529b\u3002\u5341\u70b9\u949f\u65b9\u5411\u7684\u7406\u8bba\uff0c\u5f88\u5bb9\u6613\u6ee1\u8db3\u7cbe\u795e\u9700\u6c42\uff0c\u5e76\u9677\u5165\u542c\u8d77\u6765\u70ed\u95f9\uff0c\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u6ca1\u5565\u7528\u5904\u7684\u5c34\u5c2c\u5883\u754c\u3002<br>\u5b58\u7591\u5907\u6ce8\uff1a\u6709\u5173Weick\u5bf9\u7cbe\u786e\u6027\u4e00\u8bcd\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u662f\u6709\u4e89\u8bae\u7684\uff0c\u6709\u4e9b\u9886\u57df\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u5f88\u96be\u754c\u5b9a\u4ec0\u4e48\u662f\u7cbe\u786e\u6027\uff0c\u4ec0\u4e48\u4e0d\u662f\u7cbe\u786e\u6027\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u539f\u6587\uff1aFailure to accept the inevitable tradeoffs implied in the GAS formulation seems to be at the heart of many current research problems. Investigators act as if they can simultaneously accomplish all three aims in their explanations, and that delusion is at the heart of much trivial, inconclusive research. The solution would seem to be either robust compromises or alternation rather than attempts to accomplish all three. If one accepts the reality that at most only two of those three virtues can be realized, then many rules and constraints in inquiry take on a new interpretation. This can be illustrated if we look at three mixed positions: two o&#8217;clock research, six o&#8217;clock research, and ten o&#8217;clock research.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\uff1a\u672a\u80fd\u63a5\u53d7GAS\uff08\u666e\u9002\u6027-\u7cbe\u786e\u6027-\u7b80\u6d01\u6027\uff09\u6846\u67b6\u6240\u9690\u542b\u7684\u4e0d\u53ef\u907f\u514d\u7684\u6743\u8861\uff0c\u4f3c\u4e4e\u662f\u8bb8\u591a\u5f53\u4e0b\u7814\u7a76\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u75c7\u7ed3\u3002\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u4eec\u8868\u73b0\u5f97\u4eff\u4f5b\u4ed6\u4eec\u80fd\u540c\u65f6\u5728\u89e3\u91ca\u4e2d\u5b9e\u73b0\u8fd9\u4e09\u4e2a\u76ee\u6807\uff0c\u800c\u8fd9\u79cd\u5984\u60f3\u6b63\u662f\u5927\u91cf\u7410\u788e\u3001\u65e0\u7ed3\u8bba\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u6839\u6e90\u3002\u89e3\u51b3\u4e4b\u9053\u4f3c\u4e4e\u5e94\u8be5\u662f\u8981\u4e48\u505a\u51fa\u6709\u529b\u7684\u6298\u8877\uff0c\u8981\u4e48\u8fdb\u884c\u4ea4\u66ff\u8f6e\u6362\uff0c\u800c\u975e\u8bd5\u56fe\u540c\u65f6\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e09\u8005\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4e00\u4e2a\u4eba\u63a5\u53d7\u8fd9\u4e00\u73b0\u5b9e\u2014\u2014\u5373\u8fd9\u4e09\u9879\u4f18\u70b9\u4e2d\u81f3\u591a\u53ea\u80fd\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e24\u9879\u2014\u2014\u90a3\u4e48\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\u7684\u8bb8\u591a\u89c4\u5219\u548c\u7ea6\u675f\u5c31\u4f1a\u83b7\u5f97\u5168\u65b0\u7684\u8be0\u91ca\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6211\u4eec\u8003\u5bdf\u4e09\u4e2a\u6df7\u5408\u4f4d\u7f6e\u2014\u2014\u4e24\u70b9\u949f\u7814\u7a76\u3001\u516d\u70b9\u949f\u7814\u7a76\u548c\u5341\u70b9\u949f\u7814\u7a76\u2014\u2014\u8fd9\u4e00\u70b9\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f97\u5230\u8bf4\u660e\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\ud83d\udccc \u5b66\u4e60\u7b14\u8bb0<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol>\n<li>Weick\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\u76f4\u63a5\u4f7f\u7528\u7f29\u5199GAS\uff0c\u8fd9\u4f3c\u4e4e\u53c8\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u523b\u610f\u7684\u53cc\u5173\u2014\u2014\u201cgas&#8221;\u5728\u82f1\u8bed\u4e2d\u4e5f\u6709&#8221;\u7a7a\u8c08\u3001\u6d6e\u5938&#8221;\u4e4b\u610f\uff0c\u6697\u793a\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u82e5\u4e0d\u7406\u89e3\u8fd9\u4e00\u6846\u67b6\uff0c\u5176\u5de5\u4f5c\u53ef\u80fd\u6ca6\u4e3a\u7a7a\u6d1e\u7684&#8221;\u6c14\u4f53&#8221;\u3002Weick\u4f7f\u7528&#8221;at the heart of\u201d\uff08\u6838\u5fc3\u75c7\u7ed3\uff09\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e0d\u662f\u8fb9\u7f18\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u5f53\u524d\u7814\u7a76\u5371\u673a\u7684\u6839\u6e90\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u6b64\u523b\u7684Weick\u8a00\u8f9e\u6fc0\u70c8\uff0c\u706b\u529b\u5168\u5f00\uff1a<br>\u4f7f\u7528\u201dact as if&#8221;\uff08\u8868\u73b0\u5f97\u4eff\u4f5b\uff09\u2014\u2014\u8fd9\u4e0d\u662f\u65e0\u77e5\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u8868\u6f14\u6027\u7684\u81ea\u6b3a\uff0c\u6697\u6307\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u77e5\u9053\u56f0\u96be\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u5374\u5728\u8bba\u6587\u5199\u4f5c\u4e2d\u5047\u88c5\u514b\u670d\u4e86\u5b83\u3002\u4f7f\u7528\u533b\u5b66\u672f\u8bed&#8221;delusion&#8221;\uff08\u5984\u60f3\uff09\uff1a\u6697\u793a\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u75c5\uff0c\u800c\u975e\u5355\u7eaf\u7684\u5b66\u672f\u5931\u8bef\u3002<br>\u4f7f\u7528&#8221;trivial, inconclusive&#8221;\uff08\u7410\u788e\u3001\u65e0\u7ed3\u8bba\uff09\u2014\u2014\u5f53\u7814\u7a76\u5047\u88c5\u540c\u65f6\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e09\u4e2a\u76ee\u6807\u65f6\uff0c\u5b83\u5f80\u5f80\u53d8\u5f97\u65e2\u4e0d\u591f\u6df1\u523b\uff08\u7410\u788e\uff09\u53c8\u65e0\u6cd5\u51b3\u65ad\uff08\u65e0\u7ed3\u8bba\uff09\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a\u4e00\u4e2a\u7814\u7a76\u65e2\u58f0\u79f0\u666e\u9002\uff08\u8de8\u884c\u4e1a\u6837\u672c\uff09\uff0c\u53c8\u58f0\u79f0\u7cbe\u786e\uff08\u590d\u6742\u6a21\u578b\uff09\uff0c\u8fd8\u58f0\u79f0\u7b80\u6d01\uff08\u6e05\u6670\u7ed3\u8bba\uff09\uff0c\u7ed3\u679c\u5f80\u5f80\u662f\u4e09\u8005\u7686\u5931\u2014\u2014\u6a21\u578b\u590d\u6742\u4f46\u89e3\u91ca\u529b\u5e73\u5eb8\uff0c\u6837\u672c\u5e7f\u6cdb\u4f46\u5206\u6790\u6d45\u8584\uff0c\u7ed3\u8bba\u7b80\u5355\u4f46\u7ad9\u4e0d\u4f4f\u811a\u3002<br><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Weick\u8ba4\u4e3a\u5f53\u524d\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u4e0d\u662f\u201d\u4e0d\u591f\u52aa\u529b\u201d\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u52aa\u529b\u7684\u65b9\u5411\u9519\u4e86\u2014\u2014\u540c\u65f6\u8ffd\u6c42\u201d\u4e09\u8005\u517c\u5f97\u201d\u672c\u8eab\u5c31\u662f\u5984\u60f3\u3002\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e24\u79cd\u9009\u62e9\uff1a\u4e00\u662f\u53ef\u4ee5Robust compromises\uff08\u6709\u529b\u7684\u6298\u8877\uff09\uff0c\u5373\u660e\u786e\u9009\u62e9\u4e24\u4e2a\u7ef4\u5ea6\uff0c\u5766\u7136\u653e\u5f03\u7b2c\u4e09\u4e2a\uff0c\u5e76\u5c06\u8fd9\u79cd\u653e\u5f03\u8f6c\u5316\u4e3a\u4f18\u52bf\u3002\u8b6c\u5982\u8d1d\u7279\u68ee\u660e\u786e\u8ffd\u6c42\u666e\u904d\u6027\u548c\u51c6\u786e\u6027\uff0c\u5e76\u5766\u7136\u63a5\u53d7\u7406\u8bba\u7684\u6666\u6da9\u96be\u61c2\u3002\u4e8c\u662fAlternation\uff08\u4ea4\u66ff\u8f6e\u6362\uff09\uff0c\u5728\u4e0d\u540c\u7814\u7a76\u9636\u6bb5\u6216\u4e0d\u540c\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\u8f6e\u6362\u4fa7\u91cd\u4e0d\u540c\u7ef4\u5ea6\uff0c\u8b6c\u5982\uff0c\u5148\u752810\u70b9\u949f\u7684\u677e\u6563\u8026\u5408\u6982\u5ff5\u542f\u53d1\u601d\u8def\uff0c\u518d\u75286\u70b9\u949f\u7684\u4e2a\u6848\u7814\u7a76\u9a8c\u8bc1\u673a\u5236\uff0c\u6700\u540e\u75282\u70b9\u949f\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u7406\u8bba\u6574\u5408\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p>\u603b\u4e4b\uff0cWeick\u901a\u8fc7\u8fd9\u6bb5\u8bdd\u544a\u8bc9\u6211\u4eec\uff1a\u8bda\u5b9e\u4f18\u5148\u4e8e\u91ce\u5fc3\uff1a\u4e00\u4e2a\u597d\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u4e0d\u662f\u201d\u505a\u5f97\u66f4\u591a&#8221;\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u5bf9\u81ea\u5df1\u5728\u653e\u5f03\u4ec0\u4e48\u4fdd\u6301\u6e05\u9192\u3002\u7ea6\u675f\u5373\u8d44\u6e90\uff1a\u9650\u5236\u4e0d\u662f\u9700\u8981\u514b\u670d\u7684\u969c\u788d\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u4ea7\u751f\u521b\u9020\u529b\u7684\u6761\u4ef6\u3002\u6b63\u5982\u8bd7\u4eba\u9075\u5b88\u683c\u5f8b\u624d\u80fd\u5199\u51fa\u597d\u8bd7\uff0c\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u63a5\u53d7GAS\u9650\u5236\u624d\u80fd\u505a\u51fa\u6709\u529b\u7814\u7a76\u3002\u7c7b\u578b\u5b66\u800c\u975e\u7b49\u7ea7\u5236\uff1a2\u70b9\u30016\u70b9\u300110\u70b9\u4e0d\u662f&#8221;\u4ece\u597d\u5230\u574f&#8221;\u7684\u6392\u5e8f\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u4e0d\u540c\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u4f18\u79c0\u3002Weick\u53cd\u5bf9\u90a3\u79cd\u8ba4\u4e3a&#8221;\u8d8a\u62bd\u8c61\u8d8a\u597d&#8221;\u6216&#8221;\u8d8a\u5b9e\u8bc1\u8d8a\u597d&#8221;\u7684\u5355\u4e00\u6807\u51c6\u3002<br>Weick\u5199\u8fd9\u6bb5\u8bdd\u65f6\uff08\u7b2c\u4e00\u72481969\u5e74\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e8c\u72481979\u5e74\uff09\uff0c\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7814\u7a76\u6b63\u9677\u5165\u201d\u6570\u91cf\u5316 vs. \u8d28\u6027\u7814\u7a76\u201d\u7684\u865a\u5047\u5bf9\u7acb\u3002GAS\u6846\u67b6\u8bd5\u56fe\u8d85\u8d8a\u8fd9\u4e00\u5bf9\u7acb\u2014\u2014\u95ee\u9898\u4e0d\u5728\u4e8e\u65b9\u6cd5\u672c\u8eab\uff0c\u800c\u5728\u4e8e\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u662f\u5426\u8bda\u5b9e\u9762\u5bf9\u81ea\u5df1\u65b9\u6cd5\u7684\u53d6\u820d\u3002\u8fd9\u5bf9\u4eca\u5929\u7684\u6211\u4eec\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u5982\u4f55\u770b\u5f85\u67d0\u4e9b\u65e2\u8981\u53c8\u8981\u8fd8\u8981\u7684\u8bc4\u4ef7\u6307\u6807\uff1f\u5982\u4f55\u770b\u5f85\u8bfb\u7814\u7a76\u8bc4\u4ef7\u975e\u6b64\u5373\u5f7c\uff1f\u5982\u4f55\u770b\u5f85\u6d41\u884c\u6982\u5ff5\u3001\u7406\u8bba\u6f2b\u5929\u98de\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\uff1f\u8fd9\u662f\u5426\u662f\u4e00\u5473\u9192\u9152\u6c64\u5462\uff1f\u6211\u4e0d\u77e5\u9053\uff0c\u4f60\u89c9\u5f97\u5462\uff1f<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\uff08\u4e0b\u4e00\u671f\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u7ee7\u7eed\u5b66\u4e60\uff09<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u672c\u6587\u9009\u81ea\u5361\u5c14\u00b7E\u00b7\u97e6\u514b\u300a\u7ec4\u7ec7\u5316\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\uff08\u7b2c\u4e8c\u7248\uff09\u300b\u76f8\u5173\u7ae0\u8282\uff0c\u539f\u4e66\u4e3a\uff1a<em>The Social Psychology of Organizing (Second Edition)<\/em>\uff0cKarl E. Weick \uff0cADDISON-WESLEY PUBLISHING COMPANY\uff0c1979\u3002\u4e3a\u9605\u8bfb\u53ca\u6392\u7248\u4fbf\u5229\uff0c\u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\u4e2d\u5220\u53bb\u4e86\u90e8\u5206\u6ce8\u91ca\uff0c\u6709\u9700\u8981\u7684\u8bfb\u8005\u53ef\u53c2\u8003\u539f\u6587\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u58f0\u660e\uff1a\u672c\u7b14\u8bb0\u5185\u5bb9\u4e3a\u4e2a\u4eba\u7814\u8bfb\u7ba1\u7406\u5b66\u7684\u5b66\u4e60\u7b14\u8bb0\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\uff1a\u5bf9\u539f\u6587\u7684\u4e2a\u4eba\u7ffb\u8bd1\u3001\u4e2a\u4eba\u89e3\u8bfb\u3001\u903b\u8f91\u68b3\u7406\u3001\u601d\u8003\u8bc4\u8bba\u53ca\u77e5\u8bc6\u62d3\u5c55\u7b49\u5185\u5bb9\u3002\u5b66\u4e60\u7b14\u8bb0\u4ec5\u4ee3\u8868\u4e2a\u4eba\u89c2\u70b9\uff0c\u4ec5\u7528\u4e8e\u5b66\u672f\u4ea4\u6d41\u53ca\u514d\u8d39\u5206\u4eab\uff0c\u65e0\u4efb\u4f55\u5546\u4e1a\u76ee\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u63a5\u4e0a\u671f\uff1a\u300a\u7ec4\u7ec7\u793e\u4f1a\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u300b\u5b66\u4e60\u7b14\u8bb0 031 Acknowledge Tradeoffs \u627f\u8ba4\u6743\u8861\u53d6\u820d \u539f\u6587\uff1aA &hellip; <\/p>\n<p class=\"link-more\"><a href=\"https:\/\/mooda.com.cn\/?page_id=1424\" class=\"more-link\">\u7ee7\u7eed\u9605\u8bfb<span class=\"screen-reader-text\">\u201c\u300a\u7ec4\u7ec7\u793e\u4f1a\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u300b\u5b66\u4e60\u7b14\u8bb0 032\u201d<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/mooda.com.cn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1424"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/mooda.com.cn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/mooda.com.cn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mooda.com.cn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mooda.com.cn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=1424"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/mooda.com.cn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1424\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1426,"href":"https:\/\/mooda.com.cn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1424\/revisions\/1426"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/mooda.com.cn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=1424"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}