{"id":1384,"date":"2026-05-25T17:06:12","date_gmt":"2026-05-25T09:06:12","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/mooda.com.cn\/?page_id=1384"},"modified":"2026-05-25T17:06:12","modified_gmt":"2026-05-25T09:06:12","slug":"%e3%80%8a%e7%bb%84%e7%bb%87%e7%a4%be%e4%bc%9a%e5%bf%83%e7%90%86%e5%ad%a6%e3%80%8b%e5%ad%a6%e4%b9%a0%e7%ac%94%e8%ae%b0-025","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/mooda.com.cn\/?page_id=1384","title":{"rendered":"\u300a\u7ec4\u7ec7\u793e\u4f1a\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u300b\u5b66\u4e60\u7b14\u8bb0 025"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

\u63a5\u4e0a\u671f\uff1a<\/em>\u300a\u7ec4\u7ec7\u793e\u4f1a\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u300b\u5b66\u4e60\u7b14\u8bb0 024<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u539f\u6587\uff1aIn the organizational theorizing that follows, we will not be timid about speculating (Bakan 1975; Moscovici 1972, p. 37; Lave and March 1974, pp. 9-84), striving for interest (Davis 1971), utilizing incongruity as a perspective, anthropomorphizing, reifying, inserting hyperbole, waxing discursive, glossing, improvising, examining alternatives to positivism, reframing, intuiting, and any other tricks that help counteract sluggish imaginations. In the course of directing these various bits and pieces of bias and action at organizations, certain ideas will emerge. The ideas are important, but so is the process by which they were achieved. Our joint interest in the activity of theorizing as well as the product of theorizing, coupled with our belief that the products of theorizing age quickly and have a short half-life (Koestler 1970), should be sufficient to explain why this is a book about organizational theorizing rather than about theory.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\uff1a\u5728\u63a5\u4e0b\u6765\u7684\u7ec4\u7ec7\u5316\u7406\u8bba\u5efa\u6784\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u6beb\u4e0d\u602f\u61e6\u5730\u8fdb\u884c\u63a8\u6d4b\u3001\u8ffd\u6c42\u8da3\u5473\u6027\u3001\u5c06\u4e0d\u534f\u8c03\u6027\u7528\u4f5c\u89c6\u89d2\u3001\u62df\u4eba\u5316\u3001\u7269\u5316\u3001\u63d2\u5165\u5938\u5f20\u3001\u94fa\u9648\u8bba\u8ff0\u3001\u8fc7\u5ea6\u7b80\u5316\u3001\u5373\u5174\u53d1\u6325\u3001\u8003\u5bdf\u5b9e\u8bc1\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u66ff\u4ee3\u65b9\u6848\u3001\u91cd\u6784\u6846\u67b6\u3001\u76f4\u89c9\u6d1e\u5bdf\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u4efb\u4f55\u6709\u52a9\u4e8e\u5bf9\u6297\u8fdf\u949d\u60f3\u8c61\u529b\u7684\u5176\u4ed6\u6280\u5de7\u3002\u5728\u5c06\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5f62\u5f62\u8272\u8272\u7684\u504f\u89c1\u4e0e\u884c\u52a8\u7247\u6bb5\u6307\u5411\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u67d0\u4e9b\u89c2\u5ff5\u5c06\u4f1a\u6d6e\u73b0\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u89c2\u5ff5\u5f88\u91cd\u8981\uff0c\u4f46\u8fbe\u6210\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u540c\u6837\u91cd\u8981\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u5bf9\u7406\u8bba\u5efa\u6784\u6d3b\u52a8\u672c\u8eab\u4ee5\u53ca\u7406\u8bba\u5efa\u6784\u4ea7\u7269\u7684\u5171\u540c\u5174\u8da3\uff0c\u52a0\u4e0a\u6211\u4eec\u76f8\u4fe1\u7406\u8bba\u4ea7\u7269\u8001\u5316\u8fc5\u901f\u4e14\u534a\u8870\u671f\u5f88\u77ed\uff0c\u8db3\u4ee5\u89e3\u91ca\u4e3a\u4f55\u672c\u4e66\u662f\u5173\u4e8e\u7ec4\u7ec7\u5316\u7406\u8bba\u5efa\u6784\u800c\u975e\u5173\u4e8e\u7406\u8bba\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\ud83d\udca1\u5b66\u4e60\u7b14\u8bb0\uff1a<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u8fd9\u6bb5\u8bdd\u662fWeick\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u65b9\u6cd5\u8bba\u5ba3\u8a00\uff0c\u4ee5\u8fd1\u4e4e\u53db\u9006\u7684\u59ff\u6001\u5ba3\u544a\u4e86\u4e00\u79cd\u53cd\u4f20\u7edf\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u5efa\u6784\u54f2\u5b66\u3002\u4e3a\u201c\u6280\u5de7\u201d\u65b9\u6cd5\u6b63\u540d\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n

\n
\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n

\u5173\u952e\u4fee\u8f9e\uff1a”we will not be timid”\u2014\u2014\u8fd9\u4e0d\u662f\u8c26\u900a\u7684\u5b66\u672f\u58f0\u660e\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u6218\u6597\u6a84\u6587\u3002Weick\u516c\u7136\u62e5\u62b1\u88ab\u6c61\u540d\u5316\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u5c06\u5176\u91cd\u65b0\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e3a\u8ba4\u77e5\u52c7\u6c14\u3002
Weick\u7684\u7ec8\u6781\u65b9\u6cd5\u8bba\u7acb\u573a\u662f\uff1a\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7406\u8bba\u5bb6\u7684\u4efb\u52a1\u4e0d\u4ec5\u662f\u4f20\u9012\u6b63\u786e\u7684\u7406\u8bba\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u57f9\u517b\u6301\u7eed\u5efa\u6784\u7406\u8bba\u7684\u5fc3\u667a\u80fd\u529b\u3002\u56e0\u4e3a\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7ec4\u7ec7\u8fc5\u901f\u53d8\u5316\u7684\u4e16\u754c\u91cc\uff0c\u552f\u4e00\u4e0d\u4f1a\u8fc7\u65f6\u7684\uff0c\u662f\u7406\u8bba\u5efa\u6784\u6d3b\u52a8\u672c\u8eab\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u8fd9\u6bb5\u6587\u5b57\u662fWeick\u7684”\u5b66\u672f\u5ba3\u8a00”\uff0c\u5176\u4fee\u8f9e\u7b56\u7565\u503c\u5f97\u7ec6\u54c1\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \n
  1. \u8054\u76df\u5efa\u6784\uff1a\u901a\u8fc7\u5f15\u7528Bakan\u3001Moscovici\u3001Davis\u3001Koestler\u7b49”\u5f02\u7aef”\uff0cWeick\u5c06\u81ea\u5df1\u5b9a\u4f4d\u4e3a\u5b66\u672f\u7406\u8bba\u7684\u6574\u5408\u8005<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  2. \u81ea\u6211\u6807\u7b7e\u5316\uff1a\u4e3b\u52a8\u62e5\u62b1\u6c61\u540d\uff0c\u5c06\u4eba\u4eec\u773c\u4e2d\u7684\u5f31\u70b9\u89c6\u4e3a\u4e3a\u98ce\u683c<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  3. \u6311\u8845\u6b63\u7edf\uff1a”examining alternatives to positivism”\u2014\u2014\u57281970\u5e74\u4ee3\u7684\u7f8e\u56fd\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7406\u8bba\u754c\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u4e0d\u6b63\u786e\u7684<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  4. \u5b9e\u7528\u4e3b\u4e49\u8fa9\u62a4\uff1a\u6700\u7ec8\u6807\u51c6\u4e0d\u662f”\u771f\/\u5047”\uff0c\u800c\u662f”\u662f\u5426\u5bf9\u6297\u8fdf\u949d\u7684\u60f3\u8c61\u529b”\u2014\u2014\u6709\u7528\u5373\u771f\u7406\u7684\u8a79\u59c6\u58eb\u5f0f\u7684\u5b9e\u7528\u4e3b\u4e49<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n

    \u5176\u4e2d\uff0cDavis (1971) \u7279\u522b\u91cd\u8981\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \u8fd9\u7bc7\u7ecf\u5178\u6587\u7ae0\u63d0\u51fa\uff0c\u7406\u8bba\u7684\u4ef7\u503c\u4e0d\u5728\u4e8e\u201d\u8bc1\u660e\u4ec0\u4e48\u662f\u5bf9\u7684\u201d\uff0c\u800c\u5728\u4e8e”\u4ec0\u4e48\u662f\u6709\u8da3\u7684”\u2014\u2014\u5373\u6311\u6218\u5e38\u8bc6\u5047\u8bbe\u3001\u53cd\u8f6c\u9884\u671f\u3002Weick\u5c06\u6b64\u4f5c\u4e3a\u6838\u5fc3\u65b9\u6cd5\u8bba\u539f\u5219\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    “\u957f\u671f\u4ee5\u6765\uff0c\u4eba\u4eec\u8ba4\u4e3a\u4e00\u4f4d\u7406\u8bba\u5bb6\u4e4b\u6240\u4ee5\u4f1f\u5927\uff0c\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u4ed6\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u4e3a\u771f\uff0c\u4f46\u8fd9\u662f\u9519\u8bef\u7684\u3002\u4e00\u4f4d\u7406\u8bba\u5bb6\u4e4b\u6240\u4ee5\u4f1f\u5927\uff0c\u4e0d\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u4ed6\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u4e3a\u771f\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u4eec\u6709\u8da3\u3002”<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Davis (1971)\u7684\u7cbe\u9ad3\u5728\u4e8e\u2014\u2014\u4e0d\u8981\u95ee”\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7406\u8bba\u5bf9\u5417\uff1f”\uff0c\u800c\u8981\u95ee”\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7406\u8bba\u8ba9\u6211\u6ce8\u610f\u5230\u4e86\u4ec0\u4e48\u4ee5\u524d\u6ca1\u6ce8\u610f\u5230\u7684\uff1f” \u8fd9\u4e00\u6807\u51c6\u8d2f\u7a7fWeick\u7684\u5168\u90e8\u8457\u4f5c\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u7406\u89e3\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7406\u8bba\u4f5c\u4e3a”\u8ba4\u77e5\u827a\u672f”\u800c\u975e”\u79d1\u5b66\u7a0b\u5e8f”\u7684\u5173\u952e\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    <\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \u539f\u6587\uff1aAs a final exhibit of what it takes to think deeply and provocatively about organizations, consider madness (Lichtenstein 1971). Madness is to think of too many things in succession too fast or of one thing too exclusively (Auden and Kronenberger 1966, p. 351). Generating ideas about organizations sometimes borders on madness. People free-associate, introspect, rifle through piles of images, and play percentages that they’ll find something that captures a portion of organizational reality everyone else has missed. They think of too many things, often too fast. At other times the passionate investigator becomes obsessed with a single image and can see or talk about nothing else. All the world becomes filled with least preferred coworkers, cognitive dissonance, prisoners’ dilemmas, resource dependence, or garbage cans. That’s functional, if unnerving, because it aids the development and exemplification of the obsession and it keeps something tangible in front of other investigators, something. on which they can sharpen their contrasting arguments. In all of this, madness lies not far below the surface (Mol 1971; Chafetz 1970; Ziman 1970; Graves 1970; Merton 1969; Mitroff 1974; Weisskopf-Joelson 1971).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\uff1a\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5bf9”\u6df1\u5165\u4e14\u5bcc\u6709\u6311\u8845\u6027\u5730\u601d\u8003\u7ec4\u7ec7\u9700\u8981\u4ec0\u4e48”\u7684\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u4e2a\u5c55\u793a\uff0c\u8ba9\u6211\u4eec\u8003\u8651\u75af\u72c2\u3002\u75af\u72c2\u5c31\u662f\u8fc7\u5feb\u5730\u8fde\u7eed\u601d\u8003\u592a\u591a\u4e8b\u7269\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u8fc7\u4e8e\u6392\u4ed6\u6027\u5730\u601d\u8003\u5355\u4e00\u4e8b\u7269\u3002\u4ea7\u751f\u5173\u4e8e\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7684\u89c2\u5ff5\uff0c\u6709\u65f6\u6fd2\u4e34\u75af\u72c2\u3002\u4eba\u4eec\u81ea\u7531\u8054\u60f3\u3001\u5185\u7701\u3001\u7ffb\u68c0\u6210\u5806\u7684\u610f\u8c61\u3001\u8d4c\u6982\u7387\u2014\u2014\u671f\u671b\u627e\u5230\u67d0\u79cd\u80fd\u591f\u6355\u6349\u5176\u4ed6\u6240\u6709\u4eba\u90fd\u9057\u6f0f\u7684\u7ec4\u7ec7\u73b0\u5b9e\u7247\u6bb5\u7684\u4e1c\u897f\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u601d\u8003\u592a\u591a\u4e8b\u7269\uff0c\u5f80\u5f80\u592a\u5feb\u3002\u53e6\u4e00\u4e9b\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u5145\u6ee1\u6fc0\u60c5\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u6c89\u8ff7\u4e8e\u5355\u4e00\u610f\u8c61\uff0c\u9664\u6b64\u4e4b\u5916\u4ec0\u4e48\u4e5f\u770b\u4e0d\u89c1\u3001\u4ec0\u4e48\u4e5f\u8c08\u4e0d\u4e86\u3002\u6574\u4e2a\u4e16\u754c\u90fd\u5145\u65a5\u7740\u6700\u4e0d\u559c\u6b22\u7684\u540c\u4e8b\u3001\u8ba4\u77e5\u5931\u8c03\u3001\u56da\u5f92\u56f0\u5883\u3001\u8d44\u6e90\u4f9d\u8d56\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u5783\u573e\u7f50\u3002\u8fd9\u867d\u7136\u4ee4\u4eba\u4e0d\u5b89\uff0c\u5374\u662f\u529f\u80fd\u6027\u7684\u2014\u2014\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u6709\u52a9\u4e8e\u8be5\u6267\u5ff5\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u4e0e\u4f8b\u8bc1\u5316\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u5c06\u67d0\u79cd\u5177\u4f53\u53ef\u611f\u7684\u4e1c\u897f\u7f6e\u4e8e\u5176\u4ed6\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u9762\u524d\uff0c\u8ba9\u4ed6\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u78e8\u783a\u5176\u5bf9\u7acb\u8bba\u70b9\u3002\u5728\u6240\u6709\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6d3b\u52a8\u4e2d\uff0c\u75af\u72c2\u5c31\u5728\u8868\u5c42\u4e4b\u4e0b\u4e0d\u8fdc\u5904\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    In the remainder of this chapter, six thinking tactics will be examined, each stated in the form of advice:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \u5728\u672c\u7ae0\u5269\u4f59\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u5c06\u8003\u5bdf\u516d\u79cd\u601d\u8003\u7b56\u7565\uff0c\u6bcf\u79cd\u90fd\u4ee5\u5efa\u8bae\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u9648\u8ff0\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    1. Know what you’re doing.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \u77e5\u9053\u4f60\u5728\u505a\u4ec0\u4e48\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    2. Acknowledge tradeoffs.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \u627f\u8ba4\u6743\u8861\u53d6\u820d\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    3. Think “ing.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    “\u601d\u8003”ing”\uff08\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    4. Mutate metaphors.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \u53d8\u5f02\u9690\u55bb\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    5. Incorporate interest.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \u7eb3\u5165\u8da3\u5473\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    6. Evoke minitheories.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \u5524\u8d77\u5fae\u578b\u7406\u8bba\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n

    \n
    \"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n

    <\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \ud83d\udca1\u5b66\u4e60\u7b14\u8bb0\uff1a<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \u4e00\u3001\u8868\u5c42\u53d9\u4e8b\uff1a\u79d1\u5b66\u63a2\u9669\u7684\u8352\u8bde<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u51fa\u5178\u578b\u7684 Don Martin \u5f0f\u95f9\u5267\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n