{"id":1371,"date":"2026-05-25T16:50:26","date_gmt":"2026-05-25T08:50:26","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/mooda.com.cn\/?page_id=1371"},"modified":"2026-05-25T16:50:26","modified_gmt":"2026-05-25T08:50:26","slug":"%e3%80%8a%e7%bb%84%e7%bb%87%e7%a4%be%e4%bc%9a%e5%bf%83%e7%90%86%e5%ad%a6%e3%80%8b%e5%ad%a6%e4%b9%a0%e7%ac%94%e8%ae%b0-023","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/mooda.com.cn\/?page_id=1371","title":{"rendered":"\u300a\u7ec4\u7ec7\u793e\u4f1a\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u300b\u5b66\u4e60\u7b14\u8bb0 023"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

\u63a5\u4e0a\u671f\uff1a\u300a\u7ec4\u7ec7\u793e\u4f1a\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u300b\u5b66\u4e60\u7b14\u8bb0 022<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u539f\u6587\uff1aThis is not meant as a cynical commentary on organizations. Instead, it is simply what actually happens in a computer simulation when you set up organizations as if they were streams of people, choices, problems, and solutions. It’s striking that most decisions involve flight and oversight because this fact suggests why organizations can keep making decisions yet never solve any of their problems.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\uff1a\u8fd9\u5e76\u975e\u610f\u5728\u5bf9\u7ec4\u7ec7\u8fdb\u884c\u6124\u4e16\u5ac9\u4fd7\u7684\u8bc4\u8bba\u3002\u76f8\u53cd\uff0c\u5f53\u4f60\u5c06\u7ec4\u7ec7\u8bbe\u5b9a\u4e3a\u7531\u4eba\u5458\u3001\u51b3\u7b56\u673a\u4f1a\u3001\u95ee\u9898\u548c\u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6848\u6784\u6210\u7684\u2018\u6d41\u2019\u5e76\u8fdb\u884c\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u6a21\u62df\u65f6\uff0c\u8fd9\u5c31\u662f\u5b9e\u9645\u53d1\u751f\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u3002\u4ee4\u4eba\u9707\u60ca\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u5927\u591a\u6570\u51b3\u7b56\u90fd\u6d89\u53ca\u2018\u9003\u907f\u2019\u4e0e\u2018\u5ffd\u89c6\u2019\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u8fd9\u4e00\u4e8b\u5b9e\u89e3\u91ca\u4e86\uff1a\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u7ec4\u7ec7\u80fd\u591f\u6301\u7eed\u4e0d\u65ad\u5730\u505a\u51fa\u51b3\u7b56\uff0c\u5374\u4ece\u672a\u80fd\u89e3\u51b3\u5176\u4efb\u4f55\u95ee\u9898\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\ud83d\udccc \u5b66\u4e60\u7b14\u8bb0<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

1. \u8fd9\u4e0d\u662f\u201c\u4eba\u7978\u201d\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u201c\u7cfb\u7edf\u5fc5\u7136\u201d\u3002Weick\u7684\u8fd9\u6bb5\u8bdd\u5b8c\u6210\u4e86\u4ece\u4e2a\u4eba\u52a8\u673a\u5411\u7cfb\u7edf\u903b\u8f91\u7684\u8de8\u8d8a\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Weick\u5f3a\u8c03\u4ed6\u4e0d\u662f\u5728\u8bbd\u523a\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u662f\u5728\u6307\u8d23\u7ba1\u7406\u8005\u9053\u5fb7\u8d25\u574f\u6216\u5e73\u5eb8\u3002\u4ed6\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u53ea\u8981\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\u7b26\u5408\u201c\u56db\u79cd\u6d41\u201d\u7684\u968f\u673a\u78b0\u649e\u6a21\u5f0f\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u5373\u4fbf\u6240\u6709\u4eba\u90fd\u662f\u7cbe\u82f1\uff0c\u7ed3\u679c\u4f9d\u7136\u4f1a\u662f\u201c\u51b3\u7b56\u800c\u4e0d\u89e3\u51b3\u201d\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u901a\u8fc7\u5f3a\u8c03\u201c\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u6a21\u62df\u201d\uff0c\u7ef4\u514b\u8d4b\u4e88\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e00\u7ed3\u8bba\u4e00\u79cd\u79d1\u5b66\u7684\u786e\u5b9a\u6027\u3002\u53ea\u8981\u7cfb\u7edf\u53c2\u6570\uff08\u4eba\u3001\u4e8b\u3001\u65f6\u3001\u5730\uff09\u662f\u6d41\u52a8\u7684\u4e14\u677e\u6563\u8026\u5408\u7684\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u201c\u7a7a\u8f6c\u51b3\u7b56\u201d\u5c31\u662f\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u5fc5\u7136\u4ea7\u7269\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u8fd9\u4e00\u89c2\u70b9\u63ed\u793a\u4e86\u7ec4\u7ec7\u751f\u5b58\u7684\u8352\u8bde\u771f\u76f8\uff1a\u51b3\u7b56\u7684\u804c\u80fd\u4e0d\u662f\u201c\u6d88\u9664\u95ee\u9898\u201d\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u201c\u7ef4\u6301\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7684\u8fd0\u8f6c\u201d\u3002\u7ec4\u7ec7\u9700\u8981\u51b3\u7b56\u6765\u8bc1\u660e\u81ea\u5df1\u6d3b\u7740\uff0c\u81f3\u4e8e\u95ee\u9898\u662f\u5426\u89e3\u51b3\uff0c\u90a3\u662f\u6b21\u8981\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u6df1\u5ea6\u601d\u8003\uff1a\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u5784\u65ad\u4f01\u4e1a\u66f4\u96be\u6446\u8131\u8fd9\u79cd\u201c\u5fc5\u7136\u201d\uff1f<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u8fd9\u6bb5\u8bdd\u5176\u5b9e\u89e3\u91ca\u4e86\u5784\u65ad\u4f01\u4e1a\u5185\u5377\u7684\u5e95\u5c42\u673a\u5236\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u51b3\u7b56\u4f5c\u4e3a\u201c\u4eea\u5f0f\u201d\uff1a<\/strong>\u5728\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7ec4\u7ec7\u91cc\uff0c\u51b3\u7b56\u5df2\u7ecf\u8131\u79bb\u4e86\u201c\u5de5\u5177\u6027\u201d\uff08\u89e3\u51b3\u95ee\u9898\uff09\uff0c\u6f14\u53d8\u6210\u4e86\u201c\u7b26\u53f7\u6027\u201d\u3002\u201c\u9003\u907f\u201d\u548c\u201c\u5ffd\u89c6\u201d\u8ba9\u51b3\u7b56\u8fc7\u7a0b\u770b\u8d77\u6765\u975e\u5e38\u5fd9\u788c\u4e14\u5408\u89c4\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u201c\u5fd9\u788c\u201d\u672c\u8eab\u5c31\u662f\u7ec4\u7ec7\u8ffd\u6c42\u7684\u79e9\u5e8f\u611f\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u201c\u4e0d\u673d\u6027\u201d\uff1a<\/strong>\u56e0\u4e3a\u5927\u591a\u6570\u51b3\u7b56\u90fd\u662f\u5728\u201c\u95ee\u9898\u4e0d\u5728\u573a\u201d\u65f6\u5b8c\u6210\u7684\uff08\u5ffd\u89c6\uff09\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u662f\u201c\u7b49\u95ee\u9898\u98d8\u8d70\u201d\u540e\u8865\u62cd\u7684\uff08\u9003\u907f\uff09\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u95ee\u9898\u5728\u7ec4\u7ec7\u5185\u662f\u6c38\u6052\u7684\u3002\u8001\u95ee\u9898\u4e0d\u65ad\u88ab\u5305\u88c5\u6210\u65b0\u8bae\u9898\uff0c\u5728\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u90e8\u95e8\u548c\u5e74\u4ee3\u4e4b\u95f4\u8f6e\u8f6c\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u5185\u5377\u7684\u81ea\u52a8\u5316\uff1a<\/strong>\u65e2\u7136\u7cfb\u7edf\u8bbe\u5b9a\u5982\u6b64\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u6bcf\u4e00\u4e2a\u8fdb\u5165\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u806a\u660e\u4eba\uff0c\u4e3a\u4e86\u751f\u5b58\uff0c\u90fd\u4f1a\u81ea\u52a8\u4e60\u5f97\u8fd9\u79cd\u201c\u9003\u907f\u201d\u4e0e\u201c\u5ffd\u89c6\u201d\u7684\u6280\u80fd\u3002\u8fd9\u5c31\u662f\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u4f60\u89c9\u5f97\u90a3\u662f\u201c\u61d2\u201d\uff0c\u4f46\u5728\u7cfb\u7edf\u770b\u6765\uff0c\u90a3\u662f\u6700\u4f18\u751f\u5b58\u7b56\u7565\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u539f\u6587\uff1aWhile numerous other relationship linkages between the grook and organizational theory could be highlighted, a final set of subtleties should be noted; these suggest the unusual appropriateness of this display as an exhibit of organizing. There is motion and a glimpse of process and emergence in this example. It is also clear that much of whatever stability or organization exists in the Brotherhood exists in the minds of the actors. The actors, with one exception, conclude from their particularistic experiences that they are all members of a minority, that their groups are all members of a minority, and when this view of the world is superimposed on their collective activities, it becomes a self-fulfilling prophecy. They indeed act like and become the minority, even though a casual head count buttressed by a reflective moment would reveal that this is incorrect. <\/p>\n\n\n

\n
\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\uff1a\u867d\u7136\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f3a\u8c03\u8fd9\u9996\u683c\u8a00\uff08Grook\uff09\u4e0e\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7406\u8bba\u4e4b\u95f4\u4f17\u591a\u7684\u5176\u4ed6\u5173\u8054\uff0c\u4f46\u6709\u4e00\u7ec4\u6700\u540e\u7684\u7ec6\u5fae\u4e4b\u5904\u503c\u5f97\u6ce8\u610f\uff1b\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7ec6\u8282\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e00\u6848\u4f8b\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5c55\u793a\u2018\u7ec4\u7ec7\u5316\uff08Organizing\uff09\u2019\u8fc7\u7a0b\u7684\u8303\u4f8b\u5177\u6709\u975e\u540c\u5bfb\u5e38\u7684\u9002\u7528\u6027\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4f8b\u5b50\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u7aa5\u89c1\u8fd0\u52a8\u3001\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4ee5\u53ca\u6d6e\u73b0\uff08Emergence\uff09\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u3002\u540c\u6837\u6e05\u695a\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u65e0\u8bba\u8fd9\u4e2a\u2018\u5144\u5f1f\u4f1a\u2019\u4e2d\u5b58\u5728\u591a\u5c11\u7a33\u5b9a\u6027\u6216\u7ec4\u7ec7\u6027\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u5f88\u5927\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\u53ea\u5b58\u5728\u4e8e\u884c\u52a8\u8005\u7684\u5934\u8111\u4e4b\u4e2d\u3002\u9664\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u4eba\u4f8b\u5916\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u884c\u52a8\u8005\u90fd\u4ece\u5176\u7279\u6b8a\u7684\u7ecf\u5386\u4e2d\u5f97\u51fa\u7ed3\u8bba\uff1a\u4ed6\u4eec\u5168\u90fd\u662f\u5c11\u6570\u6d3e\u7684\u4e00\u5458\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u56e2\u4f53\u4e5f\u5168\u90fd\u662f\u5c11\u6570\u6d3e\uff1b\u800c\u5f53\u8fd9\u79cd\u4e16\u754c\u89c2\u88ab\u53e0\u52a0\u5230\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u96c6\u4f53\u6d3b\u52a8\u4e0a\u65f6\uff0c\u5b83\u5c31\u53d8\u6210\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u81ea\u6211\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u9884\u8a00\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u4e00\u6b21\u5076\u7136\u7684\u4eba\u6570\u7edf\u8ba1\u52a0\u4e0a\u7247\u523b\u7684\u53cd\u601d\u5c31\u80fd\u63ed\u793a\u8fd9\u79cd\u770b\u6cd5\u7684\u9519\u8bef\uff0c\u4f46\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u8868\u73b0\u5f97\u786e\u5b9e\u50cf\u5c11\u6570\u6d3e\uff0c\u5e76\u6700\u7ec8\u6210\u4e3a\u4e86\u5c11\u6570\u6d3e\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\ud83d\udccc \u5b66\u4e60\u7b14\u8bb0<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Weick\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\u5c55\u793a\u4e86\u4ed6\u5bf9\u201c\u4ec0\u4e48\u662f\u7ec4\u7ec7\u201d\u7684\u98a0\u8986\u6027\u7406\u89e3\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u7ec4\u7ec7\u662f\u201c\u60f3\u201d\u51fa\u6765\u7684\uff1a<\/strong>Weick\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u6240\u8c13\u7684\u201c\u7a33\u5b9a\u6027\u201d\u6216\u201c\u67b6\u6784\u201d\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u5ba2\u89c2\u7684\u94a2\u7b4b\u6c34\u6ce5\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u6210\u5458\u8111\u4e2d\u7684\u5730\u56fe\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5927\u5bb6\u90fd\u89c9\u5f97\u81ea\u5df1\u662f\u5f31\u52bf\u7684\u3001\u662f\u5c11\u6570\u6d3e\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u5373\u4fbf\u4ed6\u4eec\u5728\u5ba2\u89c2\u6570\u91cf\u4e0a\u5360\u4f18\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7ec4\u7ec7\u4e5f\u4f1a\u8868\u73b0\u51fa\u5f31\u52bf\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7684\u7279\u5f81\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u81ea\u6211\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u9884\u8a00\uff1a<\/strong>\u611f\u77e5\uff1a\u6210\u5458\u4e3b\u89c2\u8ba4\u5b9a\u81ea\u5df1\u662f\u5c11\u6570\u6d3e\uff08\u5373\u4f7f\u4e8b\u5b9e\u5e76\u975e\u5982\u6b64\uff09\u3002\u884c\u52a8\uff1a\u57fa\u4e8e\u8fd9\u79cd\u201c\u5c11\u6570\u6d3e\u201d\u7684\u8ba4\u77e5\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u8868\u73b0\u5f97\u6218\u6218\u5162\u5162\u3001\u9632\u5fa1\u5fc3\u5f3a\u3001\u4e0d\u6562\u6269\u5f20\u3002\u7ed3\u679c\uff1a\u7531\u4e8e\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u771f\u7684\u5728\u793e\u4f1a\u4e92\u52a8\u4e2d\u53d8\u6210\u4e86\u8fb9\u7f18\u5316\u7684\u5c11\u6570\u6d3e\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u53cd\u601d\u7684\u7f3a\u5931\uff1a<\/strong>Weick\u8bbd\u523a\u5730\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u53ea\u8981\u5927\u5bb6\u505c\u4e0b\u6765\u201c\u6570\u4e00\u6570\u4eba\u5934\u201d\u5c31\u80fd\u62c6\u7a7f\u8c0e\u8a00\u3002\u4f46\u9057\u61be\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u7ec4\u7ec7\u5316\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u5f80\u5f80\u5145\u6ee1\u4e86\u60ef\u6027\uff0c\u4eba\u4eec\u5b81\u613f\u6c89\u6eba\u5728\u4e3b\u89c2\u7684\u7126\u8651\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u613f\u8fdb\u884c\u7247\u523b\u7684\u7406\u6027\u53cd\u601d\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u539f\u6587\uff1aConspicuously missing from the grook are two prominent elements in organizational theory: technology and the environment. Given the position we will develop, these omissions are not serious. Environments will be treated as the outcomes of organizing and as the creations of actors within the organization. Technology will be viewed as relevant solely for the information that it provides the organizational members and for the effects it has on equivocality.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u53c2\u8003\u539f\u6587\uff1a\u5728\u8fd9\u9996\u683c\u8a00\uff08Grook\uff09\u4e2d\uff0c\u660e\u663e\u7f3a\u5931\u4e86\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7406\u8bba\u91cc\u7684\u4e24\u4e2a\u6838\u5fc3\u8981\u7d20\uff1a\u6280\u672f\u4e0e\u73af\u5883\u3002\u57fa\u4e8e\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u8981\u53d1\u5c55\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u7acb\u573a\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u9057\u6f0f\u5e76\u65e0\u5927\u788d\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u628a\u2018\u73af\u5883\u2019\u89c6\u4e3a\u7ec4\u7ec7\u5316\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff08Organizing\uff09\u7684\u4ea7\u7269\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u7ec4\u7ec7\u5185\u884c\u52a8\u8005\u6240\u521b\u9020\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\u3002\u800c\u2018\u6280\u672f\u2019\u5c06\u88ab\u4ec5\u4ec5\u89c6\u4e3a\u4e00\u79cd\u4fe1\u606f\u6765\u6e90\uff0c\u5176\u610f\u4e49\u4ec5\u5728\u4e8e\u5b83\u80fd\u4e3a\u7ec4\u7ec7\u6210\u5458\u63d0\u4f9b\u4ec0\u4e48\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5b83\u5bf9\u2018\u6b67\u4e49\u6027\u2019\uff08Equivocality\uff09\u4ea7\u751f\u4e86\u4f55\u79cd\u5f71\u54cd\u3002\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\ud83d\udccc \u5b66\u4e60\u7b14\u8bb0<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Weick\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\u628a\u4f20\u7edf\u7684\u201c\u56e0\u679c\u5173\u7cfb\u201d\u5b8c\u5168\u5012\u7f6e\u4e86\uff0c\u73af\u5883\u4e0d\u662f\u201c\u5916\u56e0\u201d\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u201c\u7ed3\u679c\u201d (Enacted Environment)\uff1a\u4f20\u7edf\u89c2\u70b9\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u73af\u5883\u662f\u5ba2\u89c2\u5b58\u5728\u7684\uff08\u5982\u5e02\u573a\u7ade\u4e89\u3001\u653f\u7b56\uff09\uff0c\u7ec4\u7ec7\u5fc5\u987b\u9002\u5e94\u73af\u5883\u3002\u800cWeick\u89c2\u70b9\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff1a\u73af\u5883\u662f\u884c\u52a8\u8005\u201c\u6f14\u7ece\u201d\uff08Enact\uff09\u51fa\u6765\u7684\u3002\u5c31\u50cf\u4f60\u4e4b\u524d\u8bfb\u5230\u7684\u90a3\u4e2a\u201c\u5c11\u6570\u6d3e\u201d\u6848\u4f8b\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u6210\u5458\u8ba4\u4e3a\u81ea\u5df1\u662f\u5c11\u6570\u6d3e\u5e76\u636e\u6b64\u884c\u52a8\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u5c31\u521b\u9020\u51fa\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u5145\u6ee1\u654c\u610f\u7684\u73af\u5883\u3002\u73af\u5883\u4e0d\u662f\u4f60\u201c\u8fdb\u5165\u201d\u7684\u5730\u65b9\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u4f60\u201c\u6298\u817e\u201d\u51fa\u6765\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u6280\u672f\u4e0d\u662f\u201c\u5de5\u5177\u201d\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u201c\u4fe1\u606f\u8fc7\u6ee4\u5668\u201d\uff1a\u4f20\u7edf\u89c2\u70b9\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff1a\u6280\u672f\u662f\u751f\u4ea7\u529b\uff0c\u662f\u673a\u5668\uff0c\u662f\u7b97\u6cd5\u3002\u800cWeick\u89c2\u70b9\u662f\uff1a\u6280\u672f\u53ea\u6709\u5728\u5b83\u80fd\u51cf\u5c11\u6216\u589e\u52a0\u201c\u6b67\u4e49\u6027\u201d\u65f6\u624d\u6709\u610f\u4e49\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u6709\u5173\u6b67\u4e49\u6027\uff1a\u8fd9\u6307\u4e00\u4e2a\u4fe1\u606f\u6709\u591a\u79cd\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u89e3\u91ca\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4e00\u9879\u65b0\u6280\u672f\uff08\u5982AI\u6216\u5927\u6570\u636e\uff09\u80fd\u8ba9\u5927\u5bb6\u5bf9\u73b0\u72b6\u8fbe\u6210\u5171\u8bc6\uff0c\u5b83\u5c31\u8d77\u5230\u4e86\u4f5c\u7528\uff1b\u5982\u679c\u5b83\u4ea7\u751f\u4e86\u66f4\u591a\u8ba9\u4eba\u56f0\u60d1\u7684\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u5b83\u53cd\u800c\u589e\u52a0\u4e86\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7684\u6df7\u4e71\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u6a21\u578b\u5bf9\u6bd4\uff1a\u5ba2\u89c2\u6a21\u578b vs. \u7ef4\u514b\u6a21\u578b<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u8981\u7d20<\/td>\u4f20\u7edf\u7ba1\u7406\u5b66 (\u5982\u6743\u53d8\u7406\u8bba)<\/td>Weick\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66<\/td><\/tr>
\u73af\u5883<\/td>\u5916\u90e8\u7ea6\u675f\uff0c\u7ec4\u7ec7\u5fc5\u987b\u5339\u914d\u5b83\u3002<\/td>\u5185\u90e8\u4ea7\u51fa\uff0c\u7ec4\u7ec7\u901a\u8fc7\u884c\u52a8\u201c\u6fc0\u6d3b\u201d\u5b83\u3002<\/td><\/tr>
\u6280\u672f<\/td>\u6539\u53d8\u6295\u5165\u4ea7\u51fa\u6548\u7387\u7684\u786c\u5de5\u5177\u3002<\/td>\u6539\u53d8\u6210\u5458\u611f\u77e5\u4e0e\u5171\u8bc6\u7684\u8f6f\u5a92\u4ecb\u3002<\/td><\/tr>
\u7ba1\u7406\u91cd\u5fc3<\/td>\u626b\u63cf\u73af\u5883\uff0c\u5347\u7ea7\u6280\u672f\u3002<\/td>\u505c\u6b62\u76f2\u76ee\u884c\u52a8\uff0c\u6574\u7406\u6210\u5458\u7684\u611f\u77e5\u3002<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u539f\u6587\uff1aThe whole set of groups, factions, and fractions in the grook also has a decidedly arbitrary quality. It’s apparent that the entire collection of people plus votes plus power attributions could be carved up differently. Different subsets of the 100 could easily be composed (e.g., losers and winners, supporters and supported). The point is that most collectivities and most objects on which collectivities work can be made sensible in a wide variety of ways. Furthermore, the various versions are relatively equivalent in their reasonableness. Organizations continuously make different kinds of sense of their inputs and of themselves. These continuous operations manage some equivocalities, ignore others, and create still others. Repeatedly organizations find themselves trying to stabilize the stream of experiences that flow through them and the streams of actions being directed at the flows. Positing “minorities” and “majorities” is just as good a device to make the world sensible as any other one.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\uff1a\u5728\u8fd9\u9996\u683c\u8a00\uff08Grook\uff09\u4e2d\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u7684\u56e2\u4f53\u3001\u6d3e\u7cfb\u548c\u7ec6\u5206\u6d3e\u522b\u540c\u6837\u5e26\u6709\u660e\u663e\u7684\u4efb\u610f\u6027\u3002\u663e\u800c\u6613\u89c1\uff0c\u8fd9\u7fa4\u4eba\u52a0\u4e0a\u9009\u7968\u4ee5\u53ca\u6743\u529b\u5f52\u5c5e\u7684\u6574\u4f53\uff0c\u5b8c\u5168\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u91cd\u65b0\u5212\u5206\u3002\u8fd9100\u4e2a\u4eba\u53ef\u4ee5\u8f7b\u6613\u5730\u7ec4\u6210\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u5b50\u96c6\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a\u5931\u8d25\u8005\u4e0e\u80dc\u5229\u8005\u3001\u652f\u6301\u8005\u4e0e\u88ab\u652f\u6301\u8005\uff09\u3002\u6838\u5fc3\u70b9\u5728\u4e8e\uff0c\u5927\u591a\u6570\u96c6\u4f53\u4ee5\u53ca\u8fd9\u4e9b\u96c6\u4f53\u6240\u5904\u7406\u7684\u5927\u591a\u6570\u5ba2\u4f53\uff0c\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u591a\u79cd\u591a\u6837\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u88ab\u8d4b\u4e88\u610f\u4e49\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u5404\u79cd\u89e3\u91ca\u7248\u672c\u7684\u5408\u7406\u6027\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e5f\u662f\u65d7\u9f13\u76f8\u5f53\u7684\u3002\u7ec4\u7ec7\u4e0d\u65ad\u5730\u5bf9\u5176\u8f93\u5165\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u4ee5\u53ca\u81ea\u8eab\u4ea7\u751f\u4e0d\u540c\u79cd\u7c7b\u7684\u2018\u610f\u6db5\u2019\uff08Sense\uff09\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6301\u7eed\u4e0d\u65ad\u7684\u8fd0\u4f5c\u5904\u7406\u4e86\u4e00\u4e9b\u2018\u6b67\u4e49\u6027\u2019\uff08Equivocality\uff09\uff0c\u5ffd\u7565\u4e86\u53e6\u4e00\u4e9b\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u4e5f\u521b\u9020\u51fa\u4e86\u65b0\u7684\u6b67\u4e49\u3002\u7ec4\u7ec7\u53cd\u590d\u53d1\u73b0\u81ea\u5df1\u6b63\u8bd5\u56fe\u7a33\u5b9a\u90a3\u4e9b\u6d41\u7ecf\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u4f53\u9a8c\u6d41\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u90a3\u4e9b\u9488\u5bf9\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6d41\u6240\u91c7\u53d6\u7684\u884c\u52a8\u6d41\u3002\u5047\u8bbe\u2018\u5c11\u6570\u6d3e\u2019\u548c\u2018\u591a\u6570\u6d3e\u2019\u7684\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u4e0e\u4efb\u4f55\u5176\u4ed6\u624b\u6bb5\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u90fd\u4e0d\u8fc7\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u8ba9\u4e16\u754c\u53d8\u5f97\u53ef\u7406\u89e3\u800c\u91c7\u53d6\u7684\u6743\u5b9c\u4e4b\u8ba1\u3002\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\ud83d\udccc \u5b66\u4e60\u7b14\u8bb0<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u7ec8\u4e8e\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e00\u7ae0\u7ed3\u675f\u4e86\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u56de\u987e\u4e00\u4e0bWeick\u7684\u98a0\u8986\u6027\u7406\u89e3\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1. \u5206\u7c7b\u7684\u201c\u4efb\u610f\u6027\u201d\u4e0e\u201c\u7b49\u6548\u6027\u201d<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u4f20\u7edf\u7684\u7406\u89e3\uff1a\u7ec4\u7ec7\u67b6\u6784\u56fe\u3001\u90e8\u95e8\u5212\u5206\u3001\u751a\u81f3\u662f\u201c\u8c01\u662f\u9886\u5bfc\uff0c\u8c01\u662f\u4e0b\u5c5e\u201d\u88ab\u770b\u4f5c\u662f\u67d0\u79cd\u5ba2\u89c2\u4e8b\u5b9e\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Weick\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff1a\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5212\u5206\u662f\u4efb\u610f\u7684\u3002\u7ec4\u7ec7\u5c31\u50cf\u4e00\u5757\u9ecf\u571f\uff0c\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u6309\u804c\u80fd\u5207\uff0c\u6309\u9879\u76ee\u5207\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u6309\u201c\u8c01\u652f\u6301\u8c01\u201d\u6765\u5207\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u6df1\u5ea6\u542b\u4e49\uff1a\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u4e00\u79cd\u201c\u552f\u4e00\u6b63\u786e\u201d\u7684\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7ed3\u6784\u3002\u6bcf\u4e00\u79cd\u5212\u5206\u65b9\u5f0f\uff08\u6bd4\u5982\u628a 100 \u4e2a\u4eba\u5206\u6210\u591a\u6570\u548c\u5c11\u6570\uff09\u53ea\u8981\u80fd\u8ba9\u8eab\u5904\u5176\u4e2d\u7684\u4eba\u89c9\u5f97\u201c\u8bf4\u5f97\u901a\u201d\uff0c\u5b83\u5728\u5f53\u65f6\u5c31\u662f\u6709\u6548\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2. \u610f\u6db5\u5efa\u6784\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u201c\u51cf\u71b5\u201d\u4e5f\u201c\u589e\u71b5\u201d\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u7ba1\u7406\u6b67\u4e49\uff1a\u5f53\u4f60\u628a\u6df7\u4e71\u7684\u4eba\u7fa4\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e3a\u201c\u4e24\u4e2a\u6d3e\u7cfb\u201d\u65f6\uff0c\u4f60\u964d\u4f4e\u4e86\u590d\u6742\u6027\uff0c\u5927\u5bb6\u77e5\u9053\u8be5\u7ad9\u54ea\u8fb9\uff0c\u8fd9\u5c31\u662f\u5904\u7406\u4e86\u6b67\u4e49\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u5ffd\u7565\u4e0e\u521b\u9020\u6b67\u4e49\uff1a\u4f46\u5728\u4f60\u5b9a\u4e49\u201c\u6d3e\u7cfb\u201d\u7684\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u4f60\u5ffd\u7565\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4eba\u7684\u5176\u4ed6\u7279\u8d28\uff08\u6bd4\u5982\u4e13\u4e1a\u6280\u80fd\u3001\u6027\u683c\u5dee\u5f02\uff09\uff0c\u8fd9\u53ef\u80fd\u5728\u672a\u6765\u57cb\u4e0b\u65b0\u7684\u6df7\u4e71\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u7ed3\u8bba\uff1a\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u672c\u8d28\u4e0a\u4e0d\u662f\u201c\u89e3\u51b3\u95ee\u9898\u201d\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u201c\u7ba1\u7406\u6df7\u4e71\u7684\u7a0b\u5ea6\u201d\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

3. \u7a33\u5b9a\u201c\u6d41\u201d\u7684\u5f92\u52b3\u52aa\u529b<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u6eaa\u6d41\u9690\u55bb\uff1aWeick\u5f3a\u8c03\uff0c\u7ec4\u7ec7\u9762\u5bf9\u7684\u662f\u6301\u7eed\u4e0d\u65ad\u7684\u3001\u53d8\u5e7b\u83ab\u6d4b\u7684\u7ecf\u9a8c\u6d41\uff08\u4f53\u9a8c\uff09\u548c\u884c\u52a8\u6d41\uff08\u53cd\u5e94\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7684\u672c\u8d28\u529f\u80fd\uff1a\u7ec4\u7ec7\u5c31\u50cf\u662f\u5728\u5954\u817e\u7684\u6cb3\u6d41\u4e2d\u8bd5\u56fe\u642d\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e34\u65f6\u811a\u624b\u67b6\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u521b\u9020\u51fa\u201c\u591a\u6570\u201d\u3001\u201c\u5c11\u6570\u201d\u3001\u201c\u7b49\u7ea7\u201d\u3001\u201c\u6d41\u7a0b\u201d\uff0c\u90fd\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u5f3a\u884c\u7a33\u5b9a\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6d41\uff0c\u8ba9\u81ea\u5df1\u4ea7\u751f\u4e00\u79cd\u201c\u638c\u63a7\u611f\u201d\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u6309\u7167\u8fd9\u4e00\u6bb5\u7684\u601d\u8def\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u66f4\u597d\u5730\u56de\u7b54\u5173\u4e8e\u201c\u73af\u5883\u662f\u5426\u91cd\u8981\u201d\u7684\u7591\u95ee\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u73b0\u5b9e\u662f\u591a\u4e49\u7684\uff1a\u540c\u4e00\u4e2a\u201c\u5ba2\u89c2\u73af\u5883\u201d\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u89e3\u8bfb\u4e3a\u65e0\u6570\u4e2a\u7248\u672c\uff0c\u4e14\u6bcf\u4e2a\u7248\u672c\u5728\u903b\u8f91\u4e0a\u90fd\u201c\u65d7\u9f13\u76f8\u5f53\u5730\u5408\u7406\u201d\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u9009\u62e9\u5373\u521b\u9020\uff1a\u4e00\u65e6\u7ec4\u7ec7\u9009\u62e9\u4e86\u5176\u4e2d\u4e00\u79cd\u89e3\u91ca\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a\u5047\u8bbe\u6211\u4eec\u662f\u53d7\u538b\u8feb\u7684\u201c\u5c11\u6570\u6d3e\u201d\uff09\uff0c\u7ec4\u7ec7\u5c31\u4f1a\u6309\u7167\u8fd9\u4e2a\u903b\u8f91\u53bb\u8fd0\u4f5c\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u7406\u6027\u7684\u5e7b\u89c9\uff1a\u6211\u4eec\u6240\u8c13\u7684\u201c\u7406\u6027\u5206\u6790\u201d\uff0c\u5176\u5b9e\u662f\u5728\u4e00\u5806\u540c\u6837\u5408\u7406\u7684\u89e3\u91ca\u4e2d\uff0c\u968f\u673a\u6216\u4e60\u60ef\u6027\u5730\u6293\u53d6\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u575a\u6301\u8ba4\u4e3a\u8fd9\u5c31\u662f\u771f\u76f8\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u7ec4\u7ec7\u4e0d\u662f\u5728\u201c\u53d1\u73b0\u201d\u5ba2\u89c2\u7684\u5206\u7c7b\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u5728\u201c\u53d1\u660e\u201d\u5206\u7c7b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u5982\u679c\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7406\u89e3\u73af\u5883\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u53d8\u4e86\uff08\u4e0d\u518d\u5212\u5206\u591a\u6570\/\u5c11\u6570\uff09\uff0c\u7ec4\u7ec7\u672c\u8eab\u7684\u6027\u8d28\u4e5f\u5c31\u53d8\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u4e0d\u662f\u5206\u7c7b\u672c\u8eab\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u5206\u7c7b\u6240\u5e26\u6765\u7684\u201c\u79e9\u5e8f\u611f\u201d\u662f\u5426\u8db3\u4ee5\u652f\u6491\u5927\u5bb6\u7ee7\u7eed\u91c7\u53d6\u884c\u52a8\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u8fd9\u79cd\u201c\u4e00\u5207\u7686\u53ef\u91cd\u6784\u201d\u7684\u89c2\u70b9\uff0c\u662f\u5426\u8ba9\u4f60\u611f\u5230\u4e00\u79cd\u81ea\u7531\uff1f\u56e0\u4e3a\u8fd9\u610f\u5473\u7740\u7ec4\u7ec7\u4e0d\u5fc5\u53d7\u56f0\u4e8e\u73b0\u6709\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u53ea\u8981\u6539\u53d8\u201c\u610f\u6db5\u5efa\u6784\u201d\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u4e00\u5207\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u91cd\u6765\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\uff08\u7b2c\u4e00\u7ae0\u5b8c\uff09<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u63a5\u4e0a\u671f\uff1a\u300a\u7ec4\u7ec7\u793e\u4f1a\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u300b\u5b66\u4e60\u7b14\u8bb0 022 \u539f\u6587\uff1aThis is not meant as a cynical … <\/p>\n

\u7ee7\u7eed\u9605\u8bfb\u201c\u300a\u7ec4\u7ec7\u793e\u4f1a\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u300b\u5b66\u4e60\u7b14\u8bb0 023\u201d<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/mooda.com.cn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1371"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/mooda.com.cn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/mooda.com.cn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mooda.com.cn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mooda.com.cn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=1371"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/mooda.com.cn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1371\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1373,"href":"https:\/\/mooda.com.cn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1371\/revisions\/1373"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/mooda.com.cn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=1371"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}