{"id":1363,"date":"2026-05-25T16:39:42","date_gmt":"2026-05-25T08:39:42","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/mooda.com.cn\/?page_id=1363"},"modified":"2026-05-25T16:39:42","modified_gmt":"2026-05-25T08:39:42","slug":"%e3%80%8a%e7%bb%84%e7%bb%87%e7%a4%be%e4%bc%9a%e5%bf%83%e7%90%86%e5%ad%a6%e3%80%8b%e5%ad%a6%e4%b9%a0%e7%ac%94%e8%ae%b0-021","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/mooda.com.cn\/?page_id=1363","title":{"rendered":"\u300a\u7ec4\u7ec7\u793e\u4f1a\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u300b\u5b66\u4e60\u7b14\u8bb0 021"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><em>\u63a5\u4e0a\u671f\uff1a<\/em><a href=\"https:\/\/mp.weixin.qq.com\/s?__biz=MzI5MjIxMzQxMA==&amp;mid=2247492985&amp;idx=1&amp;sn=39c330948ee7e145212bdca7eeaab74e&amp;scene=21#wechat_redirect\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">\u300a\u7ec4\u7ec7\u793e\u4f1a\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u300b\u5b66\u4e60\u7b14\u8bb0 020<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u539f\u6587\uff1aA good example of this newer class of models is the attempt by Cohen, March, and Olsen to characterize organizations as garbage cans into which are dumped problems, people, choice situations, and solutions. The resulting definition of an organization is interesting:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\uff1a\u8fd9\u7c7b\u65b0\u6a21\u578b\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u5178\u578b\u4ee3\u8868\uff0c\u662f\u79d1\u6069\uff08Cohen\uff09\u3001\u9a6c\u5947\uff08March\uff09\u548c\u5965\u5c14\u68ee\uff08Olsen\uff09\u6240\u5c1d\u8bd5\u8fdb\u884c\u7684\u63cf\u8ff0\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u5c06\u7ec4\u7ec7\u523b\u753b\u4e3a\u2019\u5783\u573e\u6876\u2019\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u503e\u5012\u7740\u5404\u79cd\u95ee\u9898\u3001\u4eba\u5458\u3001\u51b3\u7b56\u673a\u4f1a\u548c\u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6848\u3002\u7531\u6b64\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u7ec4\u7ec7\u5b9a\u4e49\u975e\u5e38\u8010\u4eba\u5bfb\u5473\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\ud83d\udca1\u5b66\u4e60\u7b14\u8bb0\uff1a<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Weick\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\u501f\u5783\u573e\u6876\u6a21\u578b\uff0c\u5bf9\u201c\u7ec4\u7ec7\u662f\u7cbe\u5bc6\u8bbe\u8ba1\u7684\u673a\u5668\u201d\u7684\u9519\u89c9\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u8010\u4eba\u5bfb\u5473\u7684\u8bbd\u523a\u3002\u56db\u5927\u6d41\u7684\u6c47\u805a\uff1aWeick\u5f3a\u8c03\uff0c\u7ec4\u7ec7\u4e0d\u662f\u5728\u6709\u5e8f\u5730\u89e3\u51b3\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5bb9\u5668\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5bb9\u5668\u91cc\uff0c\u56db\u79cd\u8981\u7d20\uff08\u95ee\u9898\u3001\u65b9\u6848\u3001\u4eba\u3001\u673a\u4f1a\uff09\u4e0d\u662f\u6309\u903b\u8f91\u5148\u540e\u51fa\u73b0\u7684\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u968f\u673a\u88ab\u4e22\u8fdb\u53bb\u7684\u3002\u5b9a\u4e49\u7684\u8f6c\u5411\uff1a\u4f20\u7edf\u7684\u5b9a\u4e49\u662f\u201c\u7ec4\u7ec7\u662f\u4e3a\u5b9e\u73b0\u76ee\u6807\u800c\u5efa\u7acb\u7684\u534f\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u201d\uff1b\u800cWeick\u7684\u5f15\u7528\u6697\u793a\uff0c\u7ec4\u7ec7\u66f4\u50cf\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u201c\u5404\u79cd\u610f\u56fe\u548c\u884c\u4e3a\u6742\u4e71\u4ea4\u7ec7\u7684\u573a\u6240\u201d\u3002\u5076\u7136\u6027\u7684\u5347\u534e\uff1aWeick\u60f3\u8868\u8fbe\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u6240\u8c13\u7684\u51b3\u7b56\uff0c\u5f80\u5f80\u53ea\u662f\u8fd9\u56db\u4e2a\u8981\u7d20\u5728\u6876\u91cc\u78b0\u5de7\u649e\u5728\u4e86\u4e00\u8d77\u3002\u8fd9\u4e0e\u4ed6\u4e4b\u524d\u63d0\u5230\u7684\u201c\u5c40\u90e8\u5e72\u6270\u201d\u548c\u201c\u51d1\u5408\u201d\u5b8c\u5168\u543b\u5408\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u8bf4\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5b9a\u4e49\u201c\u8010\u4eba\u5bfb\u5473\u201d\uff1f<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Weick\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\u7528\u4e86\u201cinteresting\uff08\u8010\u4eba\u5bfb\u5473\/\u6709\u8da3\uff09\u201d\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8bcd\uff0c\u5176\u5b9e\u6709\u5e7d\u9ed8\u548c\u4e5f\u6709\u8bbd\u523a\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e4b\u6240\u4ee5\u201c\u6709\u8da3\u201d\uff0c\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u63ed\u793a\u4e86\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7684\u4e09\u4e2a\u771f\u76f8\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li>\u65b9\u6848\u5728\u627e\u95ee\u9898\uff1a\u5728\u7406\u6027\u6a21\u578b\u91cc\uff0c\u5148\u6709\u95ee\u9898\u624d\u6709\u65b9\u6848\u3002\u4f46\u5728\u201c\u5783\u573e\u6876\u201d\u91cc\uff0c\u5f80\u5f80\u662f\u67d0\u4eba\u624b\u91cc\u6709\u4e2a\u65b9\u6848\uff08\u6bd4\u5982\u4e00\u79cd\u65b0\u6280\u672f\uff09\uff0c\u4ed6\u6b63\u6ee1\u5927\u8857\u627e\u54ea\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\u80fd\u7528\u4e0a\u8fd9\u4e2a\u65b9\u6848\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u51b3\u7b56\u662f\u201c\u649e\u5927\u8fd0\u201d\uff1a\u7531\u4e8e\u53c2\u4e0e\u8005\uff08\u4eba\uff09\u8fdb\u8fdb\u51fa\u51fa\uff0c\u51b3\u7b56\u5f80\u5f80\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u8c01\u521a\u597d\u5728\u573a\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5f00\u4f1a\u90a3\u5929\u652f\u6301\u521b\u65b0\u7684\u67d0\u603b\u4e0d\u5728\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u8fd9\u4e2a\u51b3\u7b56\u7684\u65b9\u5411\u53ef\u80fd\u5c31\u5b8c\u5168\u53d8\u4e86\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7684\u201c\u65e0\u653f\u5e9c\u72b6\u6001\u201d \uff1a\u8fd9\u662f\u79d1\u6069\u7b49\u4eba\u5bf9\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7684\u6b63\u5f0f\u79f0\u547c\u3002\u7ec4\u7ec7\u867d\u7136\u6709\u540d\u5b57\u3001\u6709\u5927\u697c\uff0c\u4f46\u5176\u5185\u90e8\u7684\u51b3\u7b56\u903b\u8f91\u5f80\u5f80\u662f\u9ad8\u5ea6\u65e0\u5e8f\u7684\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>\u901a\u8fc7\u5f15\u7528\u5783\u573e\u6876\u6a21\u578b\uff0cWeick\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u5728\u4e3a\u4f60\u6784\u5efa\u8fd9\u6837\u4e00\u4e2a\u7ec4\u7ec7\u56fe\u666f\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li>\u5b8f\u89c2\u4e0a\uff1a\u7ec4\u7ec7\u662f\u6df7\u4e71\u7684\u5783\u573e\u6876\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u5fae\u89c2\u4e0a\uff1a\u6210\u5458\u5728\u62fc\u547d\u8fdb\u884c\u201c\u610f\u6db5\u5efa\u6784\u201d\uff0c\u8bd5\u56fe\u628a\u8fd9\u5806\u5783\u573e\u89e3\u91ca\u6210\u201c\u7406\u6027\u7684\u827a\u672f\u54c1\u201d\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u884c\u52a8\u4e0a\uff1a\u5927\u5bb6\u5728\u4e0d\u505c\u5730\u201c\u62fc\u51d1\u201d\u548c\u201c\u51d1\u5408\u201d\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u8865\u5145\u601d\u8003\uff1a\u5982\u4f55\u7528\u7406\u6027\u7684\u4e0d\u8d1f\u8d23\u663e\u5f97\u5f88\u8d1f\u8d23\uff1f<\/strong><strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u8fc7\u5ea6\u4f9d\u8d56\u7406\u6027\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u61d2\uff08\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u90a3\u79cd\u6559\u6761\u5316\u7684\u3001\u5355\u4e00\u6307\u6807\u7684\u7406\u6027\uff09\uff0c\u786e\u5207\u7684\u8bf4\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u6df1\u5c42\u7684\u201c\u8ba4\u77e5\u61d2\u60f0\u201d\u548c\u201c\u7ba1\u7406\u9003\u907f\u201d\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Weick\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u73b0\u5b9e\u4e16\u754c\u662f\u6a21\u7cca\u7684\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u73b0\u8c61\u53ef\u80fd\u5b58\u5728\u6709\u65e0\u6570\u79cd\u89e3\u91ca\u3002\u771f\u6b63\u52e4\u594b\u7684\u7ba1\u7406\u8005\u613f\u610f\u82b1\u7cbe\u529b\u53bb\u6c9f\u901a\u3001\u53bb\u7406\u89e3\u4e0d\u540c\u7fa4\u4f53\u7684\u201c\u591a\u91cd\u7406\u6027\u201d\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6df7\u4e71\u4e2d\u7f16\u7ec7\u51fa\u4e00\u5957\u5927\u5bb6\u90fd\u80fd\u8ba4\u540c\u7684\u610f\u4e49\u3002\u800c\u7406\u6027\u7684\u61d2\u60f0\u662f\u7ba1\u7406\u8005\u76f4\u63a5\u7167\u6284\u6216\u786c\u6027\u89c4\u5b9a\u4e00\u5957\u201c\u6570\u5b57\u5316\u6307\u6807\u201d\u6216\u201c\u6807\u51c6\u5316\u6d41\u7a0b\u201d\uff08\u5982\uff1aKPI\u5fc5\u987b\u8fbe\u5230100\uff0c\u6216\u4f4e\u4ef7\u4e2d\u6807\uff09\u3002\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u4e00\u5200\u5207\u7684\u505a\u6cd5\uff0c\u786e\u5b9e\u7701\u53bb\u4e86\u7406\u89e3\u590d\u6742\u73b0\u5b9e\u7684\u9ebb\u70e6\uff0c\u4f46\u5374\u662f\u7528\u51b7\u51b0\u51b0\u7684\u903b\u8f91\u5c4f\u853d\u4e86\u590d\u6742\u7684\u73b0\u5b9e\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Weick\u5728\u4e66\u4e2d\u6697\u793a\uff0c\u7406\u6027\u51b3\u7b56\u5f80\u5f80\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u5728\u4e8b\u540e\u597d\u4ea4\u4ee3\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u89c4\u907f\u8d23\u4efb\u3002\u56e0\u4e3a\u5982\u679c\u7ba1\u7406\u8005\u901a\u8fc7\u590d\u6742\u7684\u76f4\u89c9\u548c\u62fc\u51d1\u505a\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u5927\u80c6\u7684\u51b3\u7b56\uff0c\u4f46\u4e0d\u5e78\u5931\u8d25\u4e86\uff0c\u7ba1\u7406\u8005\u5c31\u4f1a\u88ab\u8ffd\u8d23\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u88ab\u9a82\u201c\u4e0d\u4e13\u4e1a\u3001\u4e0d\u7406\u6027\u201d\u3002\u4f46\u5982\u679c\u7ba1\u7406\u8005\u53ea\u662f\u7167\u6284\u201c\u7406\u6027\u6307\u6807\u201d\uff0c\u8b6c\u5982\u4f4e\u4ef7\u4e2d\u6807\uff0c\u6700\u540e\u9879\u76ee\u70c2\u5c3e\u4e86\uff0c\u4f46\u4ed6\u4f9d\u7136\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u9762\u5bf9\u8d23\u96be\u65f6\uff0c\u8bf4\uff1a\u201c\u6211\u662f\u6309\u89c4\u77e9\u529e\u4e8b\u7684\u3002\u6211\u6ca1\u9519\uff01\u201d\u6240\u4ee5\u8fd9\u79cd\u61d2\uff0c\u662f\u8d23\u4efb\u627f\u62c5\u4e0a\u7684\u61d2\u2014\u2014\u662f\u7528\u201c\u5236\u5ea6\u7406\u6027\u201d\u4f5c\u4e3a\u76fe\u724c\uff0c\u9003\u907f\u5bf9\u7ed3\u679c\u7684\u8d23\u4efb\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u8fc7\u5ea6\u7684\u7406\u6027\u8ffd\u6c42\u7684\u662f\u6781\u9650\u7684\u6548\u7387\u548c\u96f6\u5197\u4f59\uff0c\u8fd9\u5c06\u6740\u6b7b\u521b\u65b0\u6240\u5fc5\u987b\u7684\u5197\u4f59\u3002Weick\u63a8\u5d07\u677e\u6563\u8026\u5408\u3002\u4ed6\u8ba4\u4e3a\u7ec4\u7ec7\u9700\u8981\u4e00\u70b9\u201c\u4e0d\u7406\u6027\u201d\u7684\u7a7a\u9699\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u4e00\u70b9\u4f59\u529b\u53bb\u201c\u51d1\u5408\u201d\u548c\u201c\u5c1d\u8bd5\u201d\u3002\u800c\u7406\u6027\u7684\u61d2\u60f0\u5374\u53ea\u60f3\u8d70\u76f4\u7ebf\uff0c\u4e0d\u60f3\u770b\u65c1\u8fb9\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u3002\u5b83\u628a\u6240\u6709\u7cbe\u529b\u90fd\u8017\u5728\u4f18\u5316\u5df2\u6709\u7684\u9519\u8bef\u8def\u5f84\u4e0a\uff08\u5185\u5377\uff09\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u613f\u610f\u505c\u4e0b\u6765\u601d\u8003\u8fd9\u6761\u8def\u662f\u5426\u6839\u672c\u5c31\u662f\u9519\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Weick\u89c6\u89d2\u4e0b\u7684\u201c\u771f\u5047\u7406\u6027\u201d\u5047\u7406\u6027\uff08\u61d2\u60f0\u7684\u7406\u6027\uff09\u662f\u7edd\u5bf9\u7684\uff0c\u5b8c\u5168\u4f9d\u8d56\u8fc7\u5f80\u7684\u6570\u636e\u3001\u786c\u6027\u7684\u6307\u6807\u3001\u7edd\u5bf9\u7684\u903b\u8f91\u3002\u5b83\u8bd5\u56fe\u7528\u9759\u6001\u7684\u89c4\u5219\u53bb\u5957\u6b7b\u52a8\u6001\u7684\u4e16\u754c\u3002\u800c\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u7406\u6027\uff08\u52e4\u594b\u7684\u7406\u6027\uff09\u662f\u6709\u9650\u7684\uff0c\u662f\u9f13\u52b1\u6210\u5458\u4fdd\u6301\u201c\u8b66\u89c9\u201d\uff0c\u968f\u65f6\u51c6\u5907\u653e\u5f03\u5df2\u6709\u7684\u903b\u8f91\u53bb\u5e94\u5bf9\u65b0\u51fa\u73b0\u7684\u5e72\u6270\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u7ed3\u8bba\uff1a\u5728Weick\u770b\u6765\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u53ea\u4f1a\u6309\u6307\u6807\u548c\u6d41\u7a0b\u529e\u4e8b\u7684\u7ba1\u7406\u8005\uff0c\u5176\u5b9e\u662f\u5728\u8fdb\u884c\u201c\u81ea\u52a8\u9a7e\u9a76\u201d\u5f0f\u7684\u7ba1\u7406\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u201c\u61d2\u201d\u5bfc\u81f4\u4e86\u7ec4\u7ec7\u4e27\u5931\u4e86\u7075\u6d3b\u6027\uff0c\u6700\u7ec8\u9677\u5165\u5185\u8017\uff0c\u5927\u5bb6\u5728\u8fd9\u4e00\u5957\u88ab\u5949\u4e3a\u7406\u6027\u7684\u72ed\u7a84\u8d5b\u9053\u91cc\uff0c\u62fc\u4e2a\u4f60\u6b7b\u6211\u6d3b\uff0c\u5374\u6ca1\u6709\u4eba\u6562\u62ac\u5934\u8d28\u7591\u8fd9\u5957\u7406\u6027\u7684\u5408\u6cd5\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u539f\u6587\uff1aAn organization is a collection of choices looking for problems, issues and feelings looking for decision situations in which they might be aired, solutions looking for issues to which they might be the answer, and decision makers looking for work (1972, p. 2).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\uff1a\u7ec4\u7ec7\u662f\u8fd9\u6837\u4e00\u79cd\u96c6\u5408\u4f53\uff1a\u5b83\u662f\u6b63\u5728\u5bfb\u627e\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u5404\u79cd\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u662f\u6b63\u5728\u5bfb\u627e\u53ef\u4ee5\u5ba3\u6cc4\u60c5\u7eea\u7684\u51b3\u7b56\u573a\u5408\u7684\u5404\u79cd\u8bae\u9898\u4e0e\u611f\u53d7\uff0c\u662f\u6b63\u5728\u5bfb\u627e\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5176\u7b54\u6848\u7684\u5404\u79cd\u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6848\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u6b63\u5728\u5bfb\u627e\u5de5\u4f5c\u7684\u51b3\u7b56\u8005\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\ud83d\udca1\u5b66\u4e60\u7b14\u8bb0\uff1a<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u7406\u6027\u7684\u201c\u56e0\u679c\u5012\u7f6e\u201d\uff0c\u8fd9\u6bb5\u8bdd\u6700\u9707\u64bc\u7684\u5730\u65b9\u5728\u4e8e\u5b83\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e86\u4e00\u79cd\u5b58\u5728\u4e8e\u7ec4\u7ec7\u4e4b\u4e2d\u7684\uff0c\u201c\u7b54\u6848\u5728\u524d\uff0c\u95ee\u9898\u5728\u540e\u201d\u7684\u9b54\u5e7b\u73b0\u5b9e\uff1a\u9009\u62e9\u5728\u627e\u95ee\u9898\uff1a\u5728\u7ec4\u7ec7\u91cc\uff0c\u5f88\u591a\u65f6\u5019\u7ba1\u7406\u8005\u4eec\u5df2\u7ecf\u60f3\u505a\u67d0\u4ef6\u4e8b\uff08\u9009\u62e9\uff09\u4e86\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u7f3a\u7684\u53ea\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u770b\u8d77\u6765\u51a0\u5195\u5802\u7687\u7684\u201c\u7406\u7531\uff08\u95ee\u9898\uff09\u201d\u3002\u6bd4\u5982\uff0c\u516c\u53f8\u60f3\u641eAI\uff08\u9009\u62e9\uff09\uff0c\u4e8e\u662f\u62fc\u547d\u53bb\u627e\u516c\u53f8\u91cc\u54ea\u91cc\u6548\u7387\u4f4e\uff08\u95ee\u9898\uff09\uff0c\u597d\u8ba9\u8fd9\u4e2a\u9009\u62e9\u5408\u6cd5\u5316\u3002\u8fd9\u4e5f\u662f\u5f88\u591a\u201c\u6218\u7565\u7814\u7a76\u201d\u670d\u52a1\u4e8e\u9886\u5bfc\u610f\u56fe\u7684\u6839\u672c\u6240\u5728\u3002\u611f\u53d7\u5728\u627e\u573a\u5408\uff1a\u5f88\u591a\u4f1a\u8bae\uff08\u51b3\u7b56\u573a\u5408\uff09\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u610f\u4e49\uff0c\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u89e3\u51b3\u4e1a\u52a1\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u8ba9\u6210\u5458\u628a\u538b\u6291\u7684\u7126\u8651\u3001\u4e0d\u6ee1\u6216\u8868\u73b0\u6b32\u5ba3\u6cc4\u51fa\u6765\u3002\u65b9\u6848\u5728\u627e\u8bae\u9898\uff1a\u8fd9\u662f\u6700\u5178\u578b\u7684\u201c\u5728\u9524\u5b50\u773c\u91cc\uff0c\u770b\u4ec0\u4e48\u90fd\u50cf\u9489\u5b50\u201d\u3002\u4e13\u5bb6\u4eec\u5e26\u7740\u81ea\u5df1\u64c5\u957f\u7684\u6280\u672f\u65b9\u6848\uff0c\u5230\u5904\u5728\u7ec4\u7ec7\u91cc\u63a8\u9500\uff0c\u5bfb\u627e\u53ef\u4ee5\u5957\u7528\u7684\u4e1a\u52a1\u573a\u666f\u3002\u51b3\u7b56\u8005\u5728\u627e\u5de5\u4f5c\uff1a\u7ba1\u7406\u8005\u9700\u8981\u901a\u8fc7\u201c\u505a\u51b3\u5b9a\u201d\u6765\u8bc1\u660e\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u4ef7\u503c\u3002\u6709\u65f6\u5019\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u4ec0\u4e48\u5927\u4e0d\u4e86\u7684\u4e8b\uff0c\u4f46\u51b3\u7b56\u8005\u4e3a\u4e86\u4f53\u73b0\u5b58\u5728\u611f\uff0c\u4f1a\u4e3b\u52a8\u4ecb\u5165\uff0c\u5bfb\u627e\u53ef\u4ee5\u65bd\u5c55\u6743\u529b\u7684\u673a\u4f1a\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u7ec4\u7ec7\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u6781\u5176\u201c\u677e\u6563\u201d\u4e14\u201c\u5076\u7136\u201d\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u610f\u4e49\u7684\u540e\u9a8c\u6027\uff1a\u65e2\u7136\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8981\u7d20\u662f\u4e71\u649e\u7684\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u51b3\u7b56\u5728\u53d1\u751f\u7684\u77ac\u95f4\u662f\u6ca1\u6709\u7edf\u4e00\u610f\u4e49\u7684\u3002\u6240\u8c13\u7684\u201c\u7406\u6027\u51b3\u7b56\u201d\uff0c\u5168\u662f\u4e8b\u540e\u5927\u5bb6\u4e3a\u4e86\u5706\u573a\u800c\u7f16\u51fa\u6765\u7684\u6545\u4e8b\uff08\u610f\u6db5\u5efa\u6784\uff09\u3002\u964d\u4f4e\u5bf9\u7406\u6027\u7684\u8ff7\u4fe1\uff1aWeick\u60f3\u8ba9\u4f60\u770b\u5230\uff0c\u7ec4\u7ec7\u5176\u5b9e\u5f88\u8106\u5f31\u3001\u5f88\u968f\u6027\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u8fd8\u8bd5\u56fe\u7528\u4e25\u5bc6\u7684\u7ebf\u6027\u903b\u8f91\u53bb\u7ba1\u7406\uff0c\u4f60\u5c31\u4f1a\u88ab\u8fd9\u79cd\u201c\u4e71\u649e\u201d\u641e\u5f97\u6000\u7591\u4eba\u751f\u3002\u5185\u5377\u7684\u6e29\u5e8a\uff1a\u6b63\u5982\u4e4b\u524d\u63d0\u5230\u7684\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u201c\u51b3\u7b56\u8005\u627e\u5de5\u4f5c\u201d\u548c\u201c\u611f\u53d7\u627e\u5ba3\u6cc4\u201d\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff0c\u6d88\u8017\u4e86\u6d77\u91cf\u7684\u7ec4\u7ec7\u80fd\u91cf\uff0c\u5374\u4e0d\u4ea7\u751f\u5b9e\u9645\u7684\u5916\u90e8\u4ef7\u503c\uff0c\u8fd9\u6b63\u662f\u5185\u5377\u7684\u5fae\u89c2\u56fe\u666f\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u7406\u8bba\u5bf9\u6bd4\uff1a\u8fd9\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e86\u4ec0\u4e48\u6837\u7684\u7ec4\u7ec7\uff1f<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u79d1\u6069\u7b49\u4eba\u79f0\u4e4b\u4e3a\u201c\u6709\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7684\u65e0\u5e8f (Organized Anarchy)\u201d\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u7ec4\u7ec7\u6709\u4e09\u4e2a\u7279\u5f81\uff0c\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u5bf9\u7167\u8eab\u8fb9\u7684\u73af\u5883\u770b\u770b\uff0c\u6709\u54ea\u4e9b\u7b26\u5408\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7279\u5f81\u7684\u7ec4\u7ec7\uff1f\u504f\u597d\u6a21\u7cca\uff1a\u5927\u5bb6\u5e76\u4e0d\u771f\u7684\u6e05\u695a\u76ee\u6807\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u76ee\u6807\u4e00\u76f4\u5728\u53d8\u3002\u6280\u672f\u4e0d\u786e\u5b9a\uff1a\u5927\u5bb6\u5e76\u4e0d\u771f\u7684\u6e05\u695a\u201c\u600e\u4e48\u505a\u201d\u624d\u80fd\u6210\u529f\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u662f\u8bd5\u9519\u3002\u6d41\u52a8\u6027\u53c2\u4e0e\uff1a\u8c01\u5728\u7ba1\u4e8b\u3001\u8c01\u5728\u5f00\u4f1a\u603b\u662f\u5728\u53d8\uff0c\u5bfc\u81f4\u51b3\u7b56\u6ca1\u6709\u8fde\u8d2f\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u8fdb\u9636\u601d\u8003\uff1a\u65e2\u7136\u7ec4\u7ec7\u662f\u201c\u5783\u573e\u6876\u201d\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u4f18\u79c0\u7684\u7ba1\u7406\u8005\u5c31\u4e0d\u5e94\u8be5\u662f\u201c\u6307\u6325\u5bb6\u201d\uff0c\u800c\u5e94\u8be5\u662f\u201c\u5b88\u95e8\u4eba\u201d\u6216\u8005\u201c\u50ac\u5316\u5242\u201d\u3002\u4e0d\u8981\u8bd5\u56fe\u63a7\u5236\u6240\u6709\u8981\u7d20\u7684\u78b0\u649e\u3002\u8981\u5b66\u4f1a\u89c2\u5bdf\u73b0\u5728\u7684\u6876\u91cc\u6709\u54ea\u4e9b\u65b9\u6848\u548c\u4eba\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u5f15\u5bfc\u5b83\u4eec\u53bb\u78b0\u649e\u51fa\u597d\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u4f60\u662f\u5426\u89c9\u5f97\uff0c\u5f88\u591a\u5927\u516c\u53f8\u7684\u201c\u5197\u957f\u4f1a\u8bae\u201d\u5176\u5b9e\u5c31\u662f\u8fd9\u6bb5\u8bdd\u91cc\u8bf4\u7684\u2014\u2014\u5927\u5bb6\u62ff\u7740\u4e00\u5806\u73b0\u6210\u7684\u65b9\u6848\u548c\u4e2a\u4eba\u60c5\u7eea\uff0c\u5728\u5bfb\u627e\u4e00\u4e2a\u53ef\u4ee5\u5ba3\u6cc4\u548c\u6f14\u7ec3\u7684\u673a\u4f1a\uff1f<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u8865\u5145\u601d\u8003\uff1a\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u8bb2\u6545\u4e8b\u6bd4\u5b9a\u8ba1\u5212\u66f4\u91cd\u8981\uff1f<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u7ef4\u514b\uff08Weick\uff09\u7684\u7ba1\u7406\u54f2\u5b66\u60f3\u8981\u4f20\u8fbe\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u89c2\u70b9\u662f\uff1a\u65e0\u5e8f\u662f\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7684\u5e38\u6001\uff0c\u800c\u201c\u6709\u5e8f\u201d\u662f\u4eba\u7c7b\u4e3a\u4e86\u80fd\u591f\u7ee7\u7eed\u884c\u52a8\u800c\u4e3b\u89c2\u6784\u5efa\u51fa\u6765\u7684\u201c\u6545\u4e8b\u201d\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u9996\u5148\u662f\u8981\u63a5\u53d7\u65e0\u5e8f\u662f\u201c\u6b63\u5e38\u7684\u201d\uff1a\u4ece\u201c\u63a7\u5236\u201d\u8f6c\u5411\u201c\u8b66\u89c9\u201d\u7ef4\u514b\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u4f20\u7edf\u7684\u7ba1\u7406\u5931\u8d25\u5728\u4e8e\u62d2\u7edd\u63a5\u53d7\u65e0\u5e8f\u3002\u4e0d\u6b63\u5e38\u7684\u6267\u5ff5\uff1a\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u8ba4\u4e3a\u7ec4\u7ec7\u5e94\u8be5\u50cf\u7cbe\u5bc6\u65f6\u949f\u4e00\u6837\u8fd0\u4f5c\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u6bcf\u5f53\u201c\u5783\u573e\u6876\u5f0f\u201d\u7684\u968f\u673a\u78b0\u649e\u53d1\u751f\u65f6\uff0c\u4f60\u4f1a\u611f\u5230\u6124\u6012\u3001\u7126\u8651\uff0c\u5e76\u8bd5\u56fe\u7528\u66f4\u4e25\u5389\u7684\u89c4\u5219\uff08\u5982\u66f4\u590d\u6742\u7684KPI\u3001\u66f4\u5bc6\u96c6\u7684\u5ba1\u8ba1\uff09\u6765\u538b\u5236\u5b83\u3002\u800c\u8fd9\u79cd\u538b\u5236\u5f80\u5f80\u5bfc\u81f4\u4e86\u201c\u5185\u5377\u201d\u2014\u2014\u4eba\u4eec\u4e3a\u4e86\u7ef4\u6301\u201c\u6709\u5e8f\u201d\u7684\u5047\u8c61\uff0c\u8017\u8d39\u4e86\u6240\u6709\u7cbe\u529b\u53bb\u586b\u8868\u3001\u6c47\u62a5\u3001\u6f14\u620f\uff0c\u5374\u5931\u53bb\u4e86\u5904\u7406\u5b9e\u9645\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u80fd\u529b\u3002\u7ef4\u514b\u7ed9\u51fa\u7684\u7b54\u6848\u662f\uff1a\u63a5\u53d7\u65e0\u5e8f\uff0c\u610f\u5473\u7740\u627f\u8ba4\u73af\u5883\u662f\u6a21\u7cca\u7684\u3002\u8fd9\u80fd\u8ba9\u4f60\u4ece\u201c\u76f2\u76ee\u63a7\u5236\u201d\u8f6c\u5411\u201c\u4fdd\u6301\u8b66\u89c9\u201d\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u8bf7\u4e0d\u8981\u8bef\u4f1a\uff0c\u8fd9\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u865a\u65e0\u4e3b\u4e49\uff0c\u7ef4\u514b\u5e76\u4e0d\u4e3b\u5f20\u5f7b\u5e95\u7684\u865a\u65e0\u4e3b\u4e49\uff0c\u4ed6\u8ba4\u4e3a\u6211\u4eec\u786e\u5b9e\u9700\u8981\u201c\u6709\u5e8f\u201d\uff0c\u4f46\u8fd9\u79cd\u6709\u5e8f\u4e0d\u662f\u201c\u627e\u201d\u51fa\u6765\u7684\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u201c\u505a\u201d\u51fa\u6765\u5e76\u201c\u8bf4\u201d\u51fa\u6765\u7684\uff1a\u884c\u52a8\u4ea7\u751f\u6709\u5e8f\uff1a\u5728\u6df7\u4e71\u4e2d\uff0c\u4f60\u4e0d\u80fd\u7b49\u770b\u6e05\u4e86\u518d\u8d70\uff08\u56e0\u4e3a\u770b\u4e0d\u6e05\uff09\u3002\u4f60\u5fc5\u987b\u5148\u8fc8\u51fa\u4e00\u5c0f\u6b65\uff08\u884c\u52a8\uff09\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u6b65\u4f1a\u6539\u53d8\u73af\u5883\uff0c\u8ba9\u539f\u672c\u6a21\u7cca\u7684\u201c\u5783\u573e\u6876\u201d\u663e\u73b0\u51fa\u4e00\u70b9\u70b9\u8f6e\u5ed3\u3002\u610f\u6db5\u5efa\u6784\uff1a\u884c\u52a8\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u5927\u5bb6\u805a\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\u8bf4\uff1a\u201c\u770b\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u521a\u624d\u505a\u7684\u8fd9\u4e00\u6b65\u5176\u5b9e\u662f\u56e0\u4e3aA\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u6211\u4eec\u8981\u5f80B\u8d70\u3002\u201d\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8fc7\u7a0b\u5c31\u662f\u5728\u65e0\u5e8f\u4e2d\u5efa\u6784\u6709\u5e8f\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6709\u5e8f\u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\u5efa\u7acb\u201c\u677e\u6563\u8026\u5408\u201d\u4e2d\u7684\u201c\u5f3a\u6587\u5316\u201d\u65e2\u7136\u884c\u653f\u547d\u4ee4\u548c\u4e25\u5bc6\u903b\u8f91\u5728\u65e0\u5e8f\u4e2d\u4f1a\u5931\u6548\uff0c\u90a3\u5c31\u4f9d\u9760\u4ef7\u503c\u89c2\u3002\u7b56\u7565\uff1a\u4e0e\u5176\u5236\u5b9a100\u9875\u7684\u5458\u5de5\u624b\u518c\uff08\u8fd9\u53ea\u4f1a\u589e\u52a0\u5783\u573e\u6876\u91cc\u7684\u5783\u573e\uff09\uff0c\u4e0d\u5982\u5efa\u7acb\u51e0\u6761\u6838\u5fc3\u7684\u4ef7\u503c\u89c2\u539f\u5219\u3002\u539f\u7406\uff1a\u5f53\u6bcf\u4e2a\u4eba\u8111\u5b50\u91cc\u90fd\u6709\u4e00\u5957\u5171\u8bc6\u903b\u8f91\u65f6\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u5728\u968f\u673a\u78b0\u649e\u4e2d\uff0c\u5927\u5bb6\u505a\u51fa\u7684\u201c\u5373\u5174\u53d1\u6325\u201d\u4e5f\u4f1a\u671d\u7740\u540c\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b9\u5411\u3002\u8fd9\u5c31\u662f\u7ef4\u514b\u6240\u8bf4\u7684\u201c\u7528\u4ef7\u503c\u89c2\u5b9e\u73b0\u63a7\u5236\u201d\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>4. \u63a7\u5236\u201c\u65b9\u6848\u6d41\u201d\uff1a\u8b66\u60d5\u5de5\u5177\u5148\u884c\u7b56\u7565\uff1a\u4e25\u683c\u533a\u5206\u201c\u95ee\u9898\u9a71\u52a8\u201d\u8fd8\u662f\u201c\u65b9\u6848\u9a71\u52a8\u201d\u3002\u539f\u7406\uff1a\u5728\u5f15\u5165\u65b0\u6280\u672f\u3001\u65b0\u7ba1\u7406\u6a21\u5f0f\uff08\u65b9\u6848\uff09\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u5fc5\u987b\u5148\u5f3a\u5236\u5b9a\u4e49\u6e05\u6670\u7684\u75db\u70b9\uff08\u95ee\u9898\uff09\u3002\u9632\u6b62\u90a3\u4e9b\u201c\u624b\u91cc\u62ff\u7740\u9524\u5b50\u7684\u4eba\u201d\u4e3a\u4e86\u4f53\u73b0\u4ef7\u503c\u800c\u5230\u5904\u4e71\u6572\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>5. \u4f18\u5316\u201c\u8fc7\u7a0b\u201d\u800c\u975e\u201c\u7ed3\u6784\u201d\u7ef4\u514b\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u7ed3\u6784\uff08\u90e8\u95e8\u3001\u5934\u8854\uff09\u662f\u6b7b\u7684\uff0c\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff08\u6c9f\u901a\u3001\u53cd\u9988\u3001\u5b9e\u9a8c\uff09\u662f\u6d3b\u7684\u3002\u7b56\u7565\uff1a\u5efa\u7acb\u5feb\u901f\u539f\u578b\u548c\u5b9e\u9a8c\u673a\u5236\u3002\u539f\u7406\uff1a\u4e0d\u8981\u82b1\u534a\u5e74\u65f6\u95f4\u8bba\u8bc1\uff0c\u5148\u7528\u4e00\u4e24\u5468\u505a\u4e2a\u5c0f\u5b9e\u9a8c\u3002\u5b9e\u9a8c\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u4f1a\u63d0\u4f9b\u771f\u5b9e\u7684\u53cd\u9988\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u53cd\u9988\u662f\u5929\u7136\u7684\u201c\u6709\u5e8f\u8fc7\u6ee4\u5668\u201d\uff0c\u80fd\u8fc5\u901f\u5254\u9664\u5783\u573e\u6876\u91cc\u90a3\u4e9b\u4e0d\u5207\u5b9e\u9645\u7684\u65b9\u6848\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u603b\u7ed3\uff1aWeick\u4f1a\u63d0\u9192\u4f60\uff1a\u4e0d\u8981\u8bd5\u56fe\u5efa\u7acb\u4e00\u4e2a\u201c\u96f6\u65e0\u5e8f\u201d\u7684\u7ec4\u7ec7\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u628a\u65e0\u5e8f\u5f7b\u5e95\u6d88\u706d\u4e86\uff0c\u7ec4\u7ec7\u5c31\u4f1a\u53d8\u5f97\u50cf\u50f5\u5c38\u4e00\u6837\u2014\u2014\u6ca1\u6709\u521b\u65b0\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709\u5197\u4f59\uff0c\u65e0\u6cd5\u5e94\u5bf9\u7a81\u53d1\u5371\u673a\u3002<br>\u907f\u5751\u6307\u5357\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li>\u4f4e\u6c34\u5e73\u6709\u5e8f= \u50f5\u5316\u3001\u5185\u5377\u3001\u5b98\u50da\u4e3b\u4e49\uff08\u7528\u6b7b\u89c4\u5219\u538b\u5236\u6d3b\u73b0\u5b9e\uff09\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u9ad8\u6c34\u5e73\u6709\u5e8f= \u8b66\u89c9\u3001\u7075\u6d3b\u3001\u6709\u5171\u8bc6\u7684\u5373\u5174\u53d1\u6325\uff08\u63a5\u53d7\u6df7\u4e71\uff0c\u4f46\u80fd\u5feb\u901f\u901a\u8fc7\u884c\u52a8\u5efa\u7acb\u610f\u4e49\uff09\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>\u4f60\u8ba4\u4e3a\u5728\u4f60\u7684\u7ec4\u7ec7\u91cc\uff0c\u76ee\u524d\u7684\u65e0\u5e8f\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u201c\u7f3a\u4e4f\u6d41\u7a0b\u201d\uff0c\u8fd8\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u201c\u6d41\u7a0b\u592a\u591a\u4f46\u5927\u5bb6\u90fd\u5728\u6f14\u620f\uff08\u610f\u6db5\u5efa\u6784\u5931\u8c03\uff09\u201d\uff1f<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\uff08\u4e0b\u4e00\u671f\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u7ee7\u7eed\u5b66\u4e60\uff09<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u63a5\u4e0a\u671f\uff1a\u300a\u7ec4\u7ec7\u793e\u4f1a\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u300b\u5b66\u4e60\u7b14\u8bb0 020 \u539f\u6587\uff1aA good example of this newer c &hellip; <\/p>\n<p class=\"link-more\"><a href=\"https:\/\/mooda.com.cn\/?page_id=1363\" class=\"more-link\">\u7ee7\u7eed\u9605\u8bfb<span class=\"screen-reader-text\">\u201c\u300a\u7ec4\u7ec7\u793e\u4f1a\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u300b\u5b66\u4e60\u7b14\u8bb0 021\u201d<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/mooda.com.cn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1363"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/mooda.com.cn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/mooda.com.cn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mooda.com.cn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mooda.com.cn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=1363"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/mooda.com.cn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1363\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1364,"href":"https:\/\/mooda.com.cn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1363\/revisions\/1364"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/mooda.com.cn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=1363"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}