{"id":1355,"date":"2026-05-25T16:03:34","date_gmt":"2026-05-25T08:03:34","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/mooda.com.cn\/?page_id=1355"},"modified":"2026-05-25T16:03:34","modified_gmt":"2026-05-25T08:03:34","slug":"%e3%80%8a%e7%bb%84%e7%bb%87%e7%a4%be%e4%bc%9a%e5%bf%83%e7%90%86%e5%ad%a6%e3%80%8b%e5%ad%a6%e4%b9%a0%e7%ac%94%e8%ae%b0-019","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/mooda.com.cn\/?page_id=1355","title":{"rendered":"\u300a\u7ec4\u7ec7\u793e\u4f1a\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u300b\u5b66\u4e60\u7b14\u8bb0 019"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

\u63a5\u4e0a\u671f\uff1a<\/em>\u300a\u7ec4\u7ec7\u793e\u4f1a\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u300b\u5b66\u4e60\u7b14\u8bb0 018<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u539f\u6587\uff1aAnyone who samples the literature on organizations will soon notice a term that occurs over and over again, rationality (Diesing 1962). This concept does not necessarily mean that organizational actions are logical or sensible, but rather that they are intended, thought about, planned, calculated, or designed for a purpose. The emphasis is on the idea that what happens in an organization was at one point in time expected or planned to happen (Mintzberg 1978). The fact that organizations typically exhibit a great deal of turbulence, disorder, and unpredictability does not necessarily disprove the theory that their origins were rational or that they are trying to be rational.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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\ud83d\udca1 \u5b66\u4e60\u7b14\u8bb0\uff1a<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

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\u7406\u6027\u4e0d\u7b49\u4e8e\u201c\u660e\u667a\u201d<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

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\u201c\u9884\u8bbe\u201d\u7684\u529b\u91cf<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u7ec4\u7ec7\u5316\u5728\u4f20\u7edf\u89c2\u5ff5\u91cc\u5c31\u662f\u201c\u9884\u5224\u201d\u3002\u4eba\u4eec\u8bd5\u56fe\u628a\u672a\u6765\u7684\u4e0d\u786e\u5b9a\u6027\u901a\u8fc7\u201c\u89c4\u5212\u3001\u8ba1\u7b97\u201d\u56fa\u5316\u4e0b\u6765\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u5bf9\u201c\u610f\u56fe\u201d\u7684\u6267\u7740\uff0c\u6b63\u662f\u7ec4\u7ec7\u8bd5\u56fe\u5728\u7ecf\u9a8c\u6d41\u4e2d\u5f3a\u52a0\u79e9\u5e8f\u7684\u4f53\u73b0\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u7406\u6027\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u79cd\u201c\u59ff\u6001\u201d<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

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\u79e9\u5e8f\u4e0e\u6df7\u4e71\u7684\u5171\u751f<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Weick\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u6df7\u4e71\u662f\u5e38\u6001\uff0c\u800c\u7406\u6027\u662f\u4eba\u7c7b\u5728\u6df7\u4e71\u4e2d\u201c\u622a\u53d6\uff08Bracketing\uff09\u201d\u5e76\u201c\u5f3a\u52a0\uff08Imposing\uff09\u201d\u610f\u4e49\u7684\u52aa\u529b\u3002\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u5176\u5b9e\u5c31\u662f\u4e00\u90e8\u201c\u8bd5\u56fe\u7528\u7406\u6027\u7684\u610f\u56fe\u53bb\u6846\u5b9a\u4e0d\u7406\u6027\u7684\u4e16\u754c\u201d\u7684\u6597\u4e89\u53f2\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u539f\u6587\uff1aRather than demonstrate rationality as such, the grook shows the trouble one has in trying to apply this concept. If there is “calculation” or “intent” present in the grook, the only person to whom this might safely be attributed is the person on top. If “rationality” is used this way, it means an expedient set of alliances composed for the ultimate purpose of gaining control. Rationality lies in the several means that were used to gain control. We could say that the other members tacitly “consented” to this rational plan; but if we do this, we lose the force of the concept.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\uff1a\u90a3\u9996\u683c\u8a00\u8bd7\uff08grook\uff09\u4e0e\u5176\u8bf4\u662f\u5c55\u793a\u4e86\u7406\u6027\u672c\u8eab\uff0c\u4e0d\u5982\u8bf4\u5c55\u793a\u4e86\u4eba\u4eec\u5728\u8bd5\u56fe\u5e94\u7528\u2018\u7406\u6027\u2019\u8fd9\u4e00\u6982\u5ff5\u65f6\u6240\u9762\u4e34\u7684\u56f0\u6270\u3002\u5982\u679c\u8bf4\u8bd7\u4e2d\u5b58\u5728\u2018\u8ba1\u7b97\u2019\u6216\u2018\u610f\u56fe\u2019\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u552f\u4e00\u80fd\u88ab\u7a33\u59a5\u5730\u5f52\u56e0\u4e8e\u6b64\u7684\u4eba\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u90a3\u4e2a\u7ad9\u5728\u9876\u7aef\u7684\u4eba\u3002\u5982\u679c\u2018\u7406\u6027\u2019\u662f\u4ee5\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u5f0f\u88ab\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u5b83\u6307\u7684\u5c31\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u83b7\u5f97\u63a7\u5236\u6743\u8fd9\u4e00\u7ec8\u6781\u76ee\u7684\uff0c\u800c\u51d1\u6210\u7684\u4e00\u5957\u6743\u5b9c\u4e4b\u8ba1\u822c\u7684\u8054\u76df\u3002\u7406\u6027\u5b58\u5728\u4e8e\u90a3\u4e9b\u88ab\u7528\u6765\u83b7\u53d6\u63a7\u5236\u6743\u7684\u5404\u79cd\u624b\u6bb5\u4e4b\u4e2d\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bf4\u5176\u4ed6\u6210\u5458\u9ed8\u8bb8\u2018\u540c\u610f\u2019\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e00\u7406\u6027\u8ba1\u5212\uff1b\u4f46\u5982\u679c\u6211\u4eec\u771f\u8fd9\u4e48\u8bf4\uff0c\u90a3\u5c31\u5931\u53bb\u4e86\u2018\u7406\u6027\u2019\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6982\u5ff5\u539f\u672c\u7684\u529b\u91cf\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\ud83d\udca1 \u5b66\u4e60\u7b14\u8bb0\uff1a<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

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\u7406\u6027\u7684\u201c\u4e2a\u4f53\u5316\u201d\u4e0e\u201c\u4f2a\u88c5\u201d<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

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\u201c\u624b\u6bb5\u7406\u6027\u201dvs.\u201c\u76ee\u6807\u7406\u6027\u201d<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

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\u201c\u9ed8\u8bb8\u201d\u4e0d\u7b49\u4e8e\u201c\u8ba4\u540c\u201d<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

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\u539f\u6587\uff1aTo keep the concept from becoming meaningless, one alternative is to adopt a convention suggested by Simon (1957, pp. 33-41)-the concept of bounded rationality. The essence of this notion is that individuals have perceptual as well as information-processing limits, and even though they may intend to act rationally, they can do so only in a limited fashion. This limited fashion consists of acting on the basis of sufficient knowledge rather than complete knowledge (the concept of satisficing); of using simple, unlaborious rules to search for a solution when a problem arises (e.g., searching in the immediate vicinity of the problem); and of using shortcuts whenever possible.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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\ud83d\udca1 \u5b66\u4e60\u7b14\u8bb0<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Weick\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\u501f\u7528\u8d6b\u4f2f\u7279\u00b7\u897f\u8499\u7684\u6709\u9650\u7406\u6027\u8fdb\u884c\u9610\u91ca\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u5728\u201c\u51b0\u7403\u5927\u96fe\u201d\u6216\u201c\u6124\u6012\u4eba\u7fa4\u201d\u6848\u4f8b\u4e2d\uff0c\u4f60\u6839\u672c\u6ca1\u6709\u65f6\u95f4\u53bb\u8ba1\u7b97\u90a3\u4e2a\u201c\u6700\u4f18\u89e3\u201d\u3002\u4f60\u53ea\u9700\u8981\u4e00\u4e2a\u201c\u8bf4\u5f97\u8fc7\u53bb\u3001\u80fd\u89e3\u51b3\u5f53\u4e0b\u9ebb\u70e6\u201d\u7684\u65b9\u6848\uff08\u6ee1\u610f\u89e3\uff09\u5c31\u884c\u3002\u6848\u4f8b\u4e2d\u90a3\u4f4d\u5965\u514b\u5170\u8b66\u5bdf\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u5236\u5b9a\u5b8c\u7f8e\u7684\u5371\u673a\u516c\u5173\u65b9\u6848\uff0c\u4ed6\u53ea\u662f\u629b\u51fa\u4e00\u4e2a\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u5e9f\u8bdd\u3002\u8fd9\u6b63\u662f\u6709\u9650\u7406\u6027\u4e0b\u7684\u5178\u578b\u51b3\u7b56\uff1a\u53ea\u8981\u80fd\u6210\u4e8b\uff0c\u7b80\u5355\u5373\u6b63\u4e49\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u7ec4\u7ec7\u5316\u4e4b\u6240\u4ee5\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u6b63\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u4e2a\u4eba\u5904\u7406\u4e0d\u4e86\u90a3\u4e48\u5927\u7684\u6b67\u4e49\u6027\u3002\u8fd9\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u6211\u4eec\u611f\u77e5\u6709\u9650\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u6211\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u201c\u7fa4\u4f53\u7684\u529b\u91cf\u201d\u6765\u5171\u540c\u6784\u5efa\u73b0\u5b9e\u3002\u7ec4\u7ec7\u5c31\u662f\u4e00\u5957\u5e2e\u52a9\u201c\u80fd\u529b\u6709\u9650\u7684\u4eba\u201d\u53bb\u5904\u7406\u201c\u65e0\u9650\u590d\u6742\u7684\u4e16\u754c\u201d\u7684\u8f85\u52a9\u7cfb\u7edf\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u6709\u5173\u641c\u7d22\u7684\u90bb\u8fd1\u6027\uff0cWeick\u8ba4\u4e3a\u5f53\u95ee\u9898\u53d1\u751f\u65f6\uff0c\u4eba\u4eec\u603b\u662f\u5148\u770b\u624b\u8fb9\u6709\u4ec0\u4e48\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u7ec4\u7ec7\u4e2d\u7684\u89c4\u5219\u548c\u6d41\u7a0b\u672c\u8d28\u4e0a\u5c31\u662f\u201c\u7406\u6027\u7684\u6377\u5f84\u201d\u3002\u5b83\u4eec\u8ba9\u6211\u4eec\u4e0d\u5fc5\u6bcf\u6b21\u90fd\u4ece\u5934\u601d\u8003\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u8282\u7701\u4e86\u5b9d\u8d35\u7684\u8ba4\u77e5\u8d44\u6e90\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u603b\u7ed3\uff1a\u627f\u8ba4\u4eba\u7c7b\u7684\u201c\u65e0\u80fd\uff08\u6709\u9650\u6027\uff09\u201d\uff0c\u624d\u662f\u7406\u89e3\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7684\u5f00\u59cb\u3002\u7ec4\u7ec7\u4e0d\u662f\u5929\u624d\u7684\u4e50\u56ed\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u666e\u901a\u4eba\u5229\u7528\u7b80\u5316\u7684\u89c4\u5219\u5728\u5927\u96fe\u4e2d\u751f\u5b58\u7684\u5e87\u62a4\u6240\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u539f\u6587\uff1aIn terms of bounded rationality, we could say that the persons in the grook facilitated the form of control that finally emerged; when faced with decisions, they used simple decision rules (e.g., the majority wins) and applied a criterion of sufficiency (e.g., “If this agreement will enable us to get on with our work, let’s accept it”). There was little review of all possible consequences. The members dealt with “here and now,” and did so in the way that involved the least possible effort.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\uff1a\u4ece\u2018\u6709\u9650\u7406\u6027\u2019\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u6765\u770b\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bf4\u683c\u8a00\u8bd7\u4e2d\u7684\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4eba\u4fc3\u8fdb\u4e86\u6700\u7ec8\u6d6e\u73b0\u7684\u90a3\u79cd\u63a7\u5236\u5f62\u5f0f\uff1b\u5728\u9762\u4e34\u51b3\u7b56\u65f6\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u4f7f\u7528\u4e86\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u51b3\u7b56\u89c4\u5219\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a\u591a\u6570\u6d3e\u83b7\u80dc\uff09\uff0c\u5e76\u5e94\u7528\u4e86\u2018\u5145\u5206\u6027\u2019\u6807\u51c6\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a\u2018\u5982\u679c\u8fd9\u9879\u534f\u8bae\u80fd\u8ba9\u6211\u4eec\u7ee7\u7eed\u5f00\u5c55\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u90a3\u6211\u4eec\u5c31\u63a5\u53d7\u5b83\u2019\uff09\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u51e0\u4e4e\u6ca1\u6709\u5ba1\u67e5\u6240\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u540e\u679c\u3002\u6210\u5458\u4eec\u5904\u7406\u7684\u662f\u2018\u6b64\u65f6\u6b64\u5730\u2019\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u5e76\u4ee5\u6295\u5165\u7cbe\u529b\u6700\u5c11\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u6765\u5b8c\u6210\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\ud83d\udca1 \u5b66\u4e60\u7b14\u8bb0\uff1a<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Weick\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u201c\u591a\u6570\u539f\u5219\u201d\u4e4b\u6240\u4ee5\u88ab\u63a5\u53d7\uff0c\u4e0d\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u4ee3\u8868\u4e86\u6b63\u4e49\u6216\u771f\u7406\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u7b80\u5355\u3001\u597d\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002\u5728\u9762\u5bf9\u6b67\u4e49\u548c\u6df7\u4e71\u65f6\uff0c\u4eba\u4eec\u6700\u6025\u8feb\u7684\u9700\u6c42\u4e0d\u662f\u201c\u6b63\u786e\u201d\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u201c\u505c\u6b62\u4e89\u8bba\uff0c\u5f00\u59cb\u5e72\u6d3b\u201d\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u6ee1\u610f\u5316\u7684\u80cc\u540e\u903b\u8f91\u662f\uff1a\u80fd\u52a8\u8d77\u6765\u5c31\u884c\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u5bf9\u7ec4\u7ec7\u5316\u52a8\u529b\u6700\u5199\u5b9e\u7684\u63cf\u8ff0\u3002\u7ec4\u7ec7\u6210\u5458\u901a\u5e38\u4e0d\u4f1a\u8ffd\u6c42\u201c\u5b8c\u7f8e\u51b3\u7b56\u201d\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u8ffd\u6c42\u7684\u662f\u201c\u53ef\u884c\u52a8\u7684\u51b3\u7b56\u201d\u3002\u53ea\u8981\u8fd9\u4e2a\u534f\u8bae\u80fd\u8ba9\u5927\u5bb6\u4e0d\u518d\u9677\u4e8e\u762b\u75ea\uff0c\u80fd\u8ba9\u4e92\u52a8\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u5e8f\u5217\u91cd\u65b0\u6062\u590d\uff0c\u5b83\u5c31\u662f\u201c\u5145\u5206\u4e14\u8fbe\u6807\u201d\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u653e\u5f03\u5bf9\u6240\u6709\u201c\u540e\u679c\u201d\u7684\u8fc7\u5ea6\u8003\u8651\uff0c\u8fd9\u547c\u5e94\u4e86\u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u201c\u535a\u5c3c\u5c3c\u6096\u8bba\u201d\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6210\u5458\u5728\u201c\u6b64\u65f6\u6b64\u5730\u201d\u975e\u8981\u5ba1\u67e5\u6240\u6709\u957f\u8fdc\u540e\u679c\uff0c\u7ec4\u7ec7\u5c31\u4f1a\u56e0\u4e3a\u8fc7\u5ea6\u7406\u6027\u5316\u800c\u9677\u5165\u6b7b\u9501\u3002\u7ec4\u7ec7\u5316\u7684\u6210\u529f\uff0c\u5f80\u5f80\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u6210\u5458\u80fd\u591f\u679c\u65ad\u5730\u5ffd\u7565\u6389\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u590d\u6742\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u7ec4\u7ec7\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u590d\u6742\u800c\u5b58\u5728\u7684\uff0c\u5b83\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u901a\u8fc7\u6700\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u8bed\u6cd5\uff08\u5982\uff1a\u542c\u591a\u6570\u4eba\u7684\u3001\u770b\u6307\u6325\u68d2\u3001\u5f00\u51fa\u4f20\u7968\uff09\u6765\u51cf\u5c11\u73af\u5883\u7684\u6b67\u4e49\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u539f\u6587\uff1aWhile some of us may balk at this unflattering portrait of mankind, to do so is to miss the point being made. The point is that if one assumes that the actors have limited rationality, then it follows that decisions will be made in terms of localized disturbances to which abbreviated analyses will be applied, with short-term recommendations as the result. A search for more stable solutions (i.e., those that will solve the problem once and for all) is unlikely; consequences are not given much attention, and apparently logical solutions may prove faulty as their consequences ramify. Furthermore, since the consequences of a decision often occur much later than the decision itself, it is difficult for the members to trace backward from these disruptive consequences to determine precisely what caused them. The members cannot make such an analysis, simply because there are too many competing explanations. Thus, the only thing members can do when a new problem arises is to engage in more localized problem-solving.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\uff1a\u867d\u7136\u6211\u4eec\u4e2d\u6709\u4e9b\u4eba\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u5bf9\u8fd9\u79cd\u5bf9\u4eba\u7c7b\u5e76\u4e0d\u5149\u5f69\u7684\u63cf\u7ed8\u611f\u5230\u754f\u7f29\uff0c\u4f46\u5982\u679c\u5c31\u8fd9\u6837\u6392\u65a5\u5b83\uff0c\u5c31\u9519\u8fc7\u4e86\u5176\u6838\u5fc3\u8981\u4e49\u3002\u5176\u6838\u5fc3\u89c2\u70b9\u5728\u4e8e\uff1a\u5982\u679c\u5047\u8bbe\u884c\u52a8\u8005\u7684\u7406\u6027\u662f\u6709\u9650\u7684\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u903b\u8f91\u4e0a\u5fc5\u7136\u63a8\u5bfc\u51fa\uff0c\u51b3\u7b56\u5c06\u56f4\u7ed5\u201c\u5c40\u90e8\u5e72\u6270\u201d\u5c55\u5f00\uff0c\u5e76\u91c7\u7528\u7b80\u5316\u5206\u6790\uff0c\u5176\u7ed3\u679c\u4fbf\u662f\u4ea7\u751f\u77ed\u671f\u7684\u5efa\u8bae\u65b9\u6848\u3002\u4eba\u4eec\u4e0d\u592a\u53ef\u80fd\u53bb\u5bfb\u627e\u66f4\u7a33\u5b9a\u7684\u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6848\uff08\u5373\u90a3\u4e9b\u80fd\u4e00\u52b3\u6c38\u9038\u89e3\u51b3\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u65b9\u6848\uff09\uff1b\u540e\u679c\u4e0d\u4f1a\u5f97\u5230\u592a\u591a\u5173\u6ce8\uff0c\u800c\u90a3\u4e9b\u8868\u9762\u4e0a\u903b\u8f91\u4e25\u5bc6\u7684\u65b9\u6848\uff0c\u968f\u7740\u5176\u540e\u679c\u7684\u5ef6\u4f38\u548c\u6269\u6563\uff0c\u6700\u7ec8\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u88ab\u8bc1\u660e\u662f\u6709\u7f3a\u9677\u7684\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u51b3\u7b56\u7684\u540e\u679c\u5f80\u5f80\u5728\u51b3\u7b56\u505a\u51fa\u5f88\u4e45\u4e4b\u540e\u624d\u663e\u73b0\uff0c\u6210\u5458\u4eec\u5f88\u96be\u4ece\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7834\u574f\u6027\u540e\u679c\u4e2d\u9006\u5411\u8ffd\u6eaf\uff0c\u4ee5\u7cbe\u786e\u5224\u5b9a\u6210\u56e0\u3002\u6210\u5458\u4eec\u65e0\u6cd5\u8fdb\u884c\u8fd9\u79cd\u5206\u6790\uff0c\u7eaf\u7cb9\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b58\u5728\u592a\u591a\u76f8\u4e92\u7ade\u4e89\u7684\u89e3\u91ca\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5f53\u65b0\u95ee\u9898\u51fa\u73b0\u65f6\uff0c\u6210\u5458\u4eec\u552f\u4e00\u80fd\u505a\u7684\u5c31\u662f\u6295\u5165\u5230\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u5c40\u90e8\u95ee\u9898\u89e3\u51b3\u4e2d\u53bb\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\ud83d\udca1 \u5b66\u4e60\u7b14\u8bb0\uff1a<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Weick\u901a\u8fc7\u8fd9\u6bb5\u6587\u5b57\u6784\u5efa\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u7ec4\u7ec7\u884c\u4e3a\u9677\u9631\u7684\u903b\u8f91\u94fe\u6761\uff0c\u6307\u51fa\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u5f88\u591a\u7ec4\u7ec7\u95ee\u9898\u4e0d\u80fd\u4e00\u6b21\u6027\u89e3\u51b3\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Weick\u7684\u8fd9\u4e2a\u903b\u8f91\u662f\u57fa\u4e8e\u8bfa\u5956\u5f97\u4e3b\u8d6b\u4f2f\u7279\u00b7\u897f\u8499\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u6709\u9650\u7406\u6027\u6a21\u578b\u3002\u4e0d\u662f\u7406\u6027\u4e0d\u597d\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u5728\u9762\u5bf9\u9ad8\u5ea6\u6a21\u7cca\u7684\u73af\u5883\u65f6\uff0c\u7406\u6027\u7684\u4ef7\u503c\u975e\u5e38\u6709\u9650\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e5f\u5370\u8bc1\u4e86\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5e38\u8bf4\u5148\u5e72\u8d77\u6765\uff0c\u6478\u7740\u77f3\u5934\u8fc7\u6cb3\u8fd9\u79cd\u505a\u6cd5\u7684\u4ef7\u503c\u53ca\u610f\u4e49\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u56e0\u4e3a\u7406\u6027\u662f\u6709\u9650\u7684\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7684\u51b3\u7b56\u5fc5\u7136\u662f\u53d7\u5230\u5e72\u6270\u7684\uff0c\u5fc5\u7136\u4e0d\u662f\u5168\u77e5\u5168\u80fd\u578b\u7684\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u57fa\u4e8e\u773c\u524d\u770b\u5230\u7684\u3001\u6216\u6700\u7d27\u6025\u7684\uff0c\u5176\u51b3\u7b56\u5fc5\u7136\u5e26\u6709\u5934\u75db\u533b\u5934\u3001\u811a\u75db\u533b\u811a\u7684\u7279\u70b9\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u51b3\u7b56\u7ed3\u679c\u5728\u65f6\u95f4\u4e0a\u7684\u5ef6\u8fdf\u5e26\u6765\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u4f46\u574f\u7ed3\u679c\u53d1\u751f\u65f6\uff0c\u73af\u5883\u5df2\u7ecf\u968f\u65f6\u95f4\u800c\u53d1\u751f\u4e86\u53d8\u5316\uff0c\u8fd9\u65f6\u5019\u51b3\u7b56\u4e0e\u7ed3\u679c\u4e4b\u95f4\u5c31\u53ef\u80fd\u5b58\u5728\u590d\u6742\u7684\u6a21\u7cca\u6027\u89e3\u91ca\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u6a21\u7cca\u6027\u5f88\u5bb9\u6613\u5bfc\u81f4\u7ec4\u7ec7\u65e0\u6cd5\u627e\u5230\u771f\u6b63\u539f\u56e0\uff0c\u5bfc\u81f4\u65e0\u6cd5\u771f\u6b63\u5438\u53d6\u6559\u8bad\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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