{"id":1347,"date":"2026-05-25T15:39:56","date_gmt":"2026-05-25T07:39:56","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/mooda.com.cn\/?page_id=1347"},"modified":"2026-05-25T15:39:56","modified_gmt":"2026-05-25T07:39:56","slug":"%e3%80%8a%e7%bb%84%e7%bb%87%e7%a4%be%e4%bc%9a%e5%bf%83%e7%90%86%e5%ad%a6%e3%80%8b%e5%ad%a6%e4%b9%a0%e7%ac%94%e8%ae%b0-017","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/mooda.com.cn\/?page_id=1347","title":{"rendered":"\u300a\u7ec4\u7ec7\u793e\u4f1a\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u300b\u5b66\u4e60\u7b14\u8bb0 017"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><em>\u63a5\u4e0a\u671f\uff1a<\/em><a href=\"https:\/\/mp.weixin.qq.com\/s?__biz=MzI5MjIxMzQxMA==&amp;mid=2247492965&amp;idx=1&amp;sn=3c9823be1dc3e5719b747223c6c42583&amp;scene=21#wechat_redirect\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">\u300a\u7ec4\u7ec7\u793e\u4f1a\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u300b\u5b66\u4e60\u7b14\u8bb0 016<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u539f\u6587\uff1aMost organizational theorists assume that organizing is done in order to promote goal attainment (e.g., Hauschildt and Hamel 1978; Etzioni 1964, pp. 5-19). This emphasis was apparent in Hunt&#8217;s definition mentioned earlier (1972, p. 4). But a goal is not readily apparent in the grook unless we wish to speculate that something as nebulous as &#8220;survival,&#8221; &#8220;attainment of welfare,&#8221; or &#8220;attainment of control over the environment&#8221; is the &#8220;reason&#8221; why these people united. This would seem to stretch unduly the information contained in the grook. This point should not be dismissed, because in subsequent chapters it will be argued that organizing is not necessarily an attempt to attain some specified goal. The absence of a goal in the grook makes it more, rather than less, like an organization.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\uff1a\u5927\u591a\u6570\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7406\u8bba\u5bb6\u90fd\u5047\u5b9a\uff0c\u2018\u7ec4\u7ec7\u5316\u2019\uff08organizing\uff09\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u4fc3\u8fdb\u76ee\u6807\u7684\u8fbe\u6210\uff08\u4f8b\u5982 Hauschildt\u548cHamel1978; Etzioni 1964\uff09\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u5f3a\u8c03\u5728\u524d\u9762\u63d0\u5230\u7684\u4ea8\u7279\uff08Hunt\uff09\u7684\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e2d\u663e\u800c\u6613\u89c1\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5728\u90a3\u9996\u683c\u8a00\u8bd7\u4e2d\uff0c\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u4ec0\u4e48\u663e\u800c\u6613\u89c1\u7684\u76ee\u6807\uff0c\u9664\u975e\u6211\u4eec\u8981\u65e0\u7aef\u63e3\u6d4b\uff0c\u8ba4\u4e3a\u50cf\u2018\u751f\u5b58\u2019\u3001\u2018\u83b7\u53d6\u798f\u5229\u2019\u6216\u2018\u83b7\u5f97\u5bf9\u73af\u5883\u7684\u63a7\u5236\u2019\u8fd9\u7c7b\u6a21\u7cca\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u5c31\u662f\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4eba\u8054\u7ed3\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\u7684\u2018\u539f\u56e0\u2019\u3002\u4f46\u8fd9\u4f3c\u4e4e\u8fc7\u5ea6\u89e3\u8bfb\u4e86\u8bd7\u4e2d\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u70b9\u4e0d\u5e94\u88ab\u5ffd\u89c6\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5728\u540e\u7eed\u7ae0\u8282\u4e2d\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u8bba\u8bc1\uff1a\u2018\u7ec4\u7ec7\u5316\u2019\u5e76\u4e0d\u4e00\u5b9a\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u8fbe\u6210\u67d0\u4e2a\u7279\u5b9a\u76ee\u6807\u7684\u5c1d\u8bd5\u3002\u8fd9\u9996\u8bd7\u4e2d\u2018\u76ee\u6807\u7684\u7f3a\u5931\u2019\uff0c\u53cd\u800c\u8ba9\u5b83\u770b\u8d77\u6765\u66f4\u50cf\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u771f\u5b9e\u7684\u7ec4\u7ec7\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\ud83d\udca1 \u5b66\u4e60\u7b14\u8bb0\uff1a<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Weick\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\u629b\u51fa\u4e00\u4e2a\u89c2\u70b9\uff1a\u7ec4\u7ec7\u5e76\u4e0d\u603b\u662f\u56f4\u7740\u76ee\u6807\u8f6c\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u76ee\u6807\u4f5c\u4e3a\u201c\u9a6c\u540e\u70ae\u201d\uff08Post-hoc Rationalization\uff09<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Weick\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u7ec4\u7ec7\u6210\u5458\u5f80\u5f80\u662f\u5148\u805a\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\u4e92\u52a8\u3001\u4e89\u6597\u3001\u5efa\u7acb\u8054\u76df\uff08\u5982\u8bd7\u4e2d\u6240\u8ff0\uff09\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u624d\u53bb\u5bfb\u627e\u4e00\u4e2a\u201c\u76ee\u6807\u201d\u6765\u89e3\u91ca\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u3002\u8fd9\u548c\u5c0f\u4f01\u4e1a\u521b\u4e1a\u7684\u771f\u5b9e\u8fc7\u7a0b\u5c31\u975e\u5e38\u50cf\uff0c\u5148\u6709\u51e0\u4e2a\u4eba\u51d1\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u770b\u770b\u80fd\u4e00\u8d77\u5e72\u70b9\u5565\u3002\u76ee\u6807\u5f80\u5f80\u662f\u884c\u4e3a\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u884c\u4e3a\u7684\u5bfc\u706b\u7d22\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7684\u201c\u53bb\u4e2d\u5fc3\u5316\u201d\u672c\u8d28<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5728\u300a\u591a\u6570\u539f\u5219\u300b\u4e2d\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e2a\u4eba\u90fd\u5728\u4e3a\u4e86\u5f53\u4e0b\u7684\u6743\u529b\u3001\u5730\u4f4d\u548c\u8054\u76df\u800c\u535a\u5f08\u3002Weick\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u7eaf\u7cb9\u7684\u4e92\u52a8\u8fc7\u7a0b\u624d\u662f\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7684\u771f\u76f8\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u975e\u8981\u7ed9\u5b83\u5b89\u4e00\u4e2a\u201c\u4e3a\u4e86\u5168\u4f53\u798f\u7949\u201d\u7684\u76ee\u6807\uff0c\u90a3\u901a\u5e38\u53ea\u662f\u50cf\u201c\u5361\u62c9\u5a01\u90e8\u957f\u7684\u53e3\u53f7\u201d\u6216\u201c\u5e7f\u544a\u578b\u89c4\u5212\u201d\u4e00\u6837\u7684\u7b26\u53f7\u5305\u88c5\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u76ee\u6807\u8d8a\u6a21\u7cca\uff0c\u8d8a\u50cf\u771f\u5b9e\u7ec4\u7ec7<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u4f20\u7edf\u7684\u201c\u76ee\u6807\u5bfc\u5411\u8bba\u201d\u66f4\u50cf\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u7406\u60f3\u5316\u7684\u6a21\u578b\uff08\u7c7b\u4f3c\u4e8e\u535a\u5c3c\u5c3c\u6096\u8bba\u4e2d\u7684\u7b80\u5316\uff09\u3002Weick\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u73b0\u5b9e\u4e2d\u7684\u8bb8\u591a\u7ec4\u7ec7\uff08\u5982\u5927\u5b66\u3001\u653f\u5e9c\uff09\u7684\u771f\u5b9e\u60c5\u51b5\u5f80\u5f80\u76ee\u6807\u6df7\u4e71\u3001\u76f8\u4e92\u51b2\u7a81\u7684\u3002\u6b63\u56e0\u4e3a\u6ca1\u6709\u5355\u4e00\u3001\u6e05\u6670\u7684\u76ee\u6807\uff0c\u6210\u5458\u624d\u9700\u8981\u4e0d\u65ad\u5730\u901a\u8fc7\u8054\u52a8\u884c\u4e3a\u53bb\u201c\u610f\u4e49\u6784\u5efa\u201d\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u201c\u7ec4\u7ec7\u5316\u201d\u672c\u8eab\u5c31\u662f\u76ee\u7684<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5bf9\u4e8eWeick\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u7ec4\u7ec7\u5316\u662f\u4eba\u4eec\u51cf\u5c11\u73af\u5883\u6b67\u4e49\u6027\u7684\u52aa\u529b\u3002\u4eba\u4eec\u805a\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\uff0c\u5236\u5b9a\u89c4\u5219\uff08\u5982\u591a\u6570\u539f\u5219\uff09\uff0c\u4e0d\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u53bb\u8fdc\u65b9\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u5728\u5f53\u4e0b\u201c\u5f04\u6e05\u695a\u53d1\u751f\u4e86\u4ec0\u4e48\u201d\u5e76\u201c\u51b3\u5b9a\u4e0b\u4e00\u6b65\u600e\u4e48\u8d70\u201d\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u603b\u7ed3\uff1aWeick\u60f3\u544a\u8bc9\u6211\u4eec\uff1a\u522b\u518d\u95ee\u201c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7684\u613f\u666f\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\u201d\u4e86\uff0c\u53bb\u770b\u770b\u201c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4eba\u6bcf\u5929\u5728\u4e92\u52a8\u4e2d\u5fd9\u6d3b\u4ec0\u4e48\u201d\u3002\u540e\u8005\u624d\u662f\u7ec4\u7ec7\u5316\u7684\u7cbe\u9ad3\u3002<br>\u4f60\u662f\u5426\u4e5f\u89c9\u5f97\uff0c\u867d\u7136\u516c\u53f8\u5899\u4e0a\u8d34\u7740\u5b8f\u5927\u7684\u201c\u76ee\u6807\u201d\uff0c\u4f46\u4f60\u6bcf\u592990%\u7684\u7cbe\u529b\u5176\u5b9e\u90fd\u82b1\u5728\u4e86\u5904\u7406\u90a3\u4e9b\u4e0e\u76ee\u6807\u65e0\u5173\u7684\u3001\u590d\u6742\u7684\u201c\u4eba\u9645\u4e92\u52a8\u201d\u548c\u201c\u7410\u788e\u7a0b\u5e8f\u201d\u4e0a\uff1f<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u539f\u6587\uff1aIn the grook, one gets the impression that first organizing occurred; then, after it was concluded, the reason for the organizing became apparent. It is as if the persons acted so that they could eventually determine what it was that they had done. This sequence in which actions precede goal definition may well be a more accurate portrait of organizational functioning. The common assertion that goal consensus must occur prior to action obscures the fact that consensus is impossible unless there is something tangible around which it can occur. And this &#8220;something tangible&#8221; may well turn out to be actions already completed. Thus it is entirely possible that goal statements are retrospective rather than prospective.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\uff1a\u5728\u90a3\u9996\u683c\u8a00\u8bd7\u4e2d\uff0c\u4eba\u4eec\u7ed9\u4eba\u7684\u5370\u8c61\u662f\uff1a\u9996\u5148\u53d1\u751f\u4e86\u2018\u7ec4\u7ec7\u5316\u2019\uff1b\u63a5\u7740\uff0c\u5728\u7ec4\u7ec7\u5316\u544a\u4e00\u6bb5\u843d\u540e\uff0c\u5176\u539f\u56e0\u624d\u53d8\u5f97\u660e\u6717\u8d77\u6765\u3002\u5c31\u597d\u50cf\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4eba\u5148\u91c7\u53d6\u884c\u52a8\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fbf\u6700\u7ec8\u80fd\u591f\u786e\u5b9a\u4ed6\u4eec\u7a76\u7adf\u505a\u4e86\u4ec0\u4e48\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u2018\u884c\u52a8\u5148\u4e8e\u76ee\u6807\u5b9a\u4e49\u2019\u7684\u5e8f\u5217\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u66f4\u51c6\u786e\u5730\u63cf\u7ed8\u4e86\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7684\u8fd0\u4f5c\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002\u901a\u5e38\u4eba\u4eec\u65ad\u8a00\u2018\u76ee\u6807\u5171\u8bc6\u5fc5\u987b\u5148\u4e8e\u884c\u52a8\u2019\uff0c\u8fd9\u63a9\u76d6\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e8b\u5b9e\uff1a\u9664\u975e\u5df2\u7ecf\u5b58\u5728\u67d0\u4e9b\u80fd\u591f\u8ba9\u5171\u8bc6\u56f4\u7ed5\u5176\u5c55\u5f00\u7684\u2018\u5b9e\u7269\u2019\uff0c\u5426\u5219\u5171\u8bc6\u662f\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u8fbe\u6210\u7684\u3002\u800c\u8fd9\u79cd\u2018\u5b9e\u7269\u2019\uff0c\u5f88\u53ef\u80fd\u5c31\u662f\u5df2\u7ecf\u5b8c\u6210\u7684\u884c\u52a8\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u76ee\u6807\u9648\u8ff0\u6781\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u2018\u56de\u987e\u6027\u2019\u7684\uff0c\u800c\u975e\u2018\u524d\u77bb\u6027\u2019\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\ud83d\udca1 \u5b66\u4e60\u7b14\u8bb0\uff1a<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Weick\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\u5f7b\u5e95\u98a0\u8986\u4e86\u4f20\u7edf\u7ba1\u7406\u5b66\u201c\u5148\u8ba1\u5212\uff0c\u540e\u6267\u884c\u201d\u7684\u903b\u8f91\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u884c\u52a8\u662f\u610f\u4e49\u7684\u201c\u951a\u70b9\u201d<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Weick\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u5728\u5145\u6ee1\u6b67\u4e49\u6027\u7684\u73af\u5883\u4e2d\uff0c\u5927\u5bb6\u7a7a\u8c08\u76ee\u6807\u662f\u6ca1\u7528\u7684\u3002\u53ea\u6709\u5f53\u5927\u5bb6\u5148\u8bd5\u7740\u4e00\u8d77\u505a\u4e86\u70b9\u4ec0\u4e48\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5df2\u5b8c\u6210\u7684\u884c\u52a8\u624d\u6210\u4e86\u5927\u5bb6\u53ef\u4ee5\u89c2\u5bdf\u3001\u8ba8\u8bba\u548c\u8bc4\u4ef7\u7684\u201c\u5b9e\u7269\u201d\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u201c\u6211\u600e\u4e48\u77e5\u9053\u6211\u600e\u4e48\u60f3\uff0c\u76f4\u5230\u6211\u770b\u5230\u6211\u505a\u4e86\u4ec0\u4e48\uff1f\u201d<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u8fd9\u662fWeick\u6700\u7ecf\u5178\u7684\u540d\u8a00\u3002\u4ed6\u8ba4\u4e3a\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7684\u76ee\u6807\u5f80\u5f80\u662f\u4e8b\u540e\u627e\u8865\u3002\u8b6c\u5982\u516c\u53f8\u53ef\u80fd\u5148\u505a\u4e86\u4e00\u5806\u6742\u4e71\u7684\u4e1a\u52a1\uff0c\u5e74\u5e95\u53d1\u73b0\u67d0\u9879\u4e1a\u52a1\u6700\u8d5a\u94b1\uff0c\u4e8e\u662f\u5ba3\u5e03\u201c\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u6218\u7565\u76ee\u6807\u4e00\u76f4\u662f\u6df1\u8015\u8be5\u9886\u57df\u201d\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\uff0c\u73b0\u5b9e\u4e2d\u7684\u76ee\u6807\u5f80\u5f80\u4e0d\u662f\u6307\u5f15\u884c\u52a8\u7684\u660e\u706f\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u8ba9\u5df2\u7ecf\u53d1\u751f\u7684\u6df7\u4e71\u884c\u52a8\u663e\u5f97\u201c\u6709\u9053\u7406\u201d\u800c\u7f16\u9020\u51fa\u6765\u7684\u53d9\u4e8b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u5171\u8bc6\u7684\u4ea7\u751f\u8def\u5f84<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u4f20\u7edf\u89c2\u70b9\u8ba4\u4e3a\u6211\u4eec\u8981\u5148\u5f00\u4f1a\u8fbe\u6210\u5171\u8bc6\u518d\u5e72\u6d3b\u3002\u4f46Weick\u4f1a\u53cd\u95ee\uff1a\u6ca1\u6709\u884c\u52a8\uff0c\u54ea\u6765\u7684\u5171\u8bc6\uff1f\u56e0\u4e3aWeick\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u7ec4\u7ec7\u5316\u5176\u5b9e\u662f\uff1a\u884c\u52a8\u2192\u56de\u987e\u2192 \u53d1\u73b0\u6a21\u5f0f\u2192\u547d\u540d\u4e3a\u201c\u76ee\u6807\u201d\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u201c\u56de\u987e\u5f0f\u201d\u7684\u903b\u8f91\u89e3\u91ca\u4e86\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u90a3\u4e9b\u6b7b\u677f\u7684\u957f\u671f\u89c4\u5212\u5f80\u5f80\u65e0\u6548\uff0c\u800c\u7075\u6d3b\u7684\u5373\u5174\u53d1\u6325\u53cd\u800c\u80fd\u6210\u4e8b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7684\u672c\u8d28\u662f\u201c\u53d9\u4e8b\u201d<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5982\u679c\u76ee\u6807\u662f\u56de\u987e\u6027\u7684\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u7ba1\u7406\u8005\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u80fd\u529b\u5c31\u4e0d\u662f\u201c\u9884\u6d4b\u201d\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u201c\u8bb2\u6545\u4e8b\u201d\u2014\u2014\u628a\u8fc7\u53bb\u7684\u6563\u4e71\u884c\u52a8\u7f16\u7ec7\u6210\u4e00\u4e2a\u903b\u8f91\u81ea\u6d3d\u7684\u82f1\u96c4\u53f2\u8bd7\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u8ba9\u6210\u5458\u5bf9\u672a\u6765\u4ea7\u751f\u4fe1\u5fc3\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u603b\u7ed3\uff1a\u522b\u518d\u7ea0\u7ed3\u4e8e\u201c\u6ca1\u60f3\u6e05\u695a\u5c31\u4e0d\u6562\u505a\u201d\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u8981\u5927\u80c6\u7684\u5148\u505a\uff0c\u4e0d\u4ec5\u662f\u7ec4\u7ec7\u5316\uff0c\u8bb8\u591a\u4e8b\u60c5\u90fd\u662f\u201c\u5148\u505a\u4e86\u624d\u80fd\u60f3\u6e05\u695a\u201d\u3002<br>\u4f60\u662f\u5426\u6709\u8fc7\u8fd9\u79cd\u4f53\u4f1a\uff1a\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u9879\u76ee\u63a5\u8fd1\u5c3e\u58f0\u5199\u603b\u7ed3\u62a5\u544a\u65f6\uff0c\u624d\u7a81\u7136\u201c\u609f\u201d\u5230\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e2a\u9879\u76ee\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u610f\u4e49\u548c\u76ee\u6807\uff1f<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u539f\u6587\uff1aSince any organization theory has to specify why members consent to join and remain in organizations, most theories discuss the &#8220;social contract&#8221; that is implicit in organizational membership (e.g., Barnard 1948, pp. 113-18; Thompson 1967, chap. 8; Levinson 1972, pp. 337-38). Schein designates this contract as a psychological contract and describes it this way:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\uff1a\u65e2\u7136\u4efb\u4f55\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7406\u8bba\u90fd\u5fc5\u987b\u8bf4\u660e\u6210\u5458\u4e3a\u4f55\u540c\u610f\u52a0\u5165\u5e76\u7559\u5728\u7ec4\u7ec7\u4e2d\uff0c\u5927\u591a\u6570\u7406\u8bba\u90fd\u4f1a\u8ba8\u8bba\u7ec4\u7ec7\u6210\u5458\u8eab\u4efd\u4e2d\u6240\u9690\u542b\u7684\u2018\u793e\u4f1a\u5951\u7ea6\u2019\uff08\u4f8b\u5982Barnard 1948; Thompson 1967; Levinson 1972\uff09\u3002\u6c99\u56e0\uff08Schein\uff09\u5c06\u8fd9\u79cd\u5951\u7ea6\u79f0\u4e3a\u2018\u5fc3\u7406\u5951\u7ea6\u2019\uff08psychological contract\uff09\uff0c\u5e76\u5bf9\u5176\u505a\u4e86\u5982\u4e0b\u63cf\u8ff0\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\ud83d\udca1 \u5b66\u4e60\u7b14\u8bb0\uff1a<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Weick\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\u5f15\u5165\u4e86\u5951\u7ea6\u8fd9\u4e00\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u65e8\u5728\u89e3\u91ca\u201c\u7ec4\u7ec7\u5316\u201d\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u5728\u4e2a\u4f53\u5c42\u9762\u83b7\u5f97\u52a8\u529b\u7684\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u7ec4\u7ec7\u5316\u7684\u5e95\u5c42\u80fd\u6e90\uff1a\u5171\u8bc6<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Weick\u4e4b\u524d\u63d0\u5230\u7684\u201c\u8054\u52a8\u884c\u4e3a\u201d\u548c\u201c\u5171\u8bc6\u9a8c\u8bc1\u201d\uff0c\u5176\u80cc\u540e\u7684\u63a8\u624b\u5c31\u662f\u8fd9\u4efd\u201c\u5fc3\u7406\u5951\u7ea6\u201d\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6210\u5458\u4e0d\u89c9\u5f97\u81ea\u5df1\u4e0e\u7ec4\u7ec7\u4e4b\u95f4\u6709\u4e00\u4efd\u9ed8\u8ba4\u7684\u5951\u7ea6\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u5c31\u4e0d\u4f1a\u53c2\u4e0e\u5230Weick\u6240\u8bf4\u7684\u90a3\u4e9b\u590d\u6742\u7684\u201c\u884c\u52a8\u5e8f\u5217\u201d\u4e2d\u53bb\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u975e\u6b63\u5f0f\u6027\u4e0e\u5185\u9690\u6027<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Weick\u5f3a\u8c03\u8fd9\u4efd\u5951\u7ea6\u66f4\u591a\u662f\u201c\u9690\u542b\u7684\u201d\u5fc3\u7406\u5951\u7ea6\u3002\u5b83\u4e0d\u4ec5\u662f\u5408\u540c\u4e0a\u7684\u767d\u7eb8\u9ed1\u5b57\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u66f4\u591a\u5b58\u5728\u4e8e\u6210\u5458\u7684\u611f\u77e5\u4e2d\u3002\u8fd9\u4e5f\u89e3\u91ca\u4e86\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u201c\u5361\u62c9\u5a01\u90e8\u957f\u7684\u53e3\u53f7\u201d\u6216\u201c\u5b89\u98de\u58eb\u7684\u5e7f\u544a\u201d\u80fd\u8d77\u4f5c\u7528\u2014\u2014\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u4eec\u89e6\u52a8\u5e76\u91cd\u5851\u4e86\u8fd9\u4efd\u5fc3\u7406\u5951\u7ea6\u3002\u5f53\u5458\u5de5\u76f8\u4fe1\u4e86\u201c\u6211\u4eec\u66f4\u52aa\u529b\u201d\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5951\u7ea6\u65f6\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u5c31\u88ab\u91cd\u65b0\u7ec4\u7ec7\u5316\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u4ea4\u6362\u903b\u8f91<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u6b63\u5982\u4ed6\u4e4b\u524d\u5f15\u7528\u7684\u5df4\u7eb3\u5fb7\u5173\u4e8e\u201c\u64a4\u56de\u8d21\u732e\u201d\u7684\u8bba\u8ff0\uff0c\u5fc3\u7406\u5951\u7ea6\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u662f\u4ea4\u6362\uff1a\u6211\u8d21\u732e\u6211\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u5e8f\u5217\uff0c\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7ed9\u6211\u56de\u9988\u610f\u4e49\u548c\u62a5\u916c\u3002\u5982\u679c\u8fd9\u4efd\u5951\u7ea6\u5728\u5fc3\u7406\u4e0a\u5931\u8861\uff0c\u7ec4\u7ec7\u5316\u8fc7\u7a0b\u5c31\u4f1a\u56e0\u4e3a\u6210\u5458\u7684\u9000\u51fa\u6216\u6d88\u6781\u6020\u5de5\u800c\u4e2d\u65ad\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u5bf9\u201c\u591a\u6570\u539f\u5219\u201d\u8bd7\u6b4c\u7684\u547c\u5e94<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u8bd7\u4e2d\u90a3\u4e2a\u7ad9\u5728\u5dc5\u5cf0\u7684\u4eba\u4e4b\u6240\u4ee5\u80fd\u7edf\u6cbb\uff0c\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u4ed6\u6210\u529f\u5730\u8ba9\u5e95\u5c42\u7684\u6bcf\u4e2a\u4eba\u90fd\u89c9\u5f97\uff1a\u53c2\u4e0e\u8fd9\u4e2a\u201c\u5144\u5f1f\u4f1a\u201d\u7684\u7ec4\u7ec7\u5316\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff0c\u7b26\u5408\u4ed6\u4eec\u5404\u81ea\u5fc3\u7406\u5951\u7ea6\u4e2d\u7684\u9884\u671f\uff08\u5373\u4fbf\u8fd9\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u9519\u89c9\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u603b\u7ed3\uff1a\u7ec4\u7ec7\u5316\u4e0d\u662f\u9760\u5f3a\u8feb\u7ef4\u6301\u7684\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u9760\u6bcf\u4e2a\u4eba\u5fc3\u4e2d\u90a3\u4efd\u201c\u6211\u7559\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\u662f\u503c\u5f97\u7684\u201d\u5fc3\u7406\u5951\u7ea6\u5728\u4e0d\u65ad\u7eed\u7ea6\u3002<br>\u4f60\u89c9\u5f97\u5728\u4f60\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u4e2d\uff0c\u9664\u4e86\u5de5\u8d44\uff0c\u8fd8\u6709\u4ec0\u4e48\u4e1c\u897f\u662f\u652f\u6491\u4f60\u6bcf\u5929\u4e0a\u73ed\u7684\u201c\u5fc3\u7406\u5951\u7ea6\u201d\uff1f<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u539f\u6587\uff1aThe notion of a psychological contract implies that the individual has a variety of expectations of the organization and that the organization has a variety of expectations of him. These expectations not only cover how much work is to be performed for how much pay, but also involve the whole pattern of rights, privileges, and obligations between worker and organization (1965, p. 11).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\uff1a\u2018\u5fc3\u7406\u5951\u7ea6\u2019\u8fd9\u4e00\u6982\u5ff5\u610f\u5473\u7740\uff1a\u4e2a\u4f53\u5bf9\u7ec4\u7ec7\u6000\u6709\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u671f\u671b\uff0c\u800c\u7ec4\u7ec7\u5bf9\u4e2a\u4f53\u4e5f\u540c\u6837\u6000\u6709\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u671f\u671b\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u671f\u671b\u4e0d\u4ec5\u6db5\u76d6\u4e86\u2018\u4ed8\u51fa\u591a\u5c11\u52b3\u52a8\u6362\u53d6\u591a\u5c11\u62a5\u916c\u2019\uff0c\u8fd8\u6d89\u53ca\u5458\u5de5\u4e0e\u7ec4\u7ec7\u4e4b\u95f4\u6743\u5229\u3001\u7279\u6743\u53ca\u4e49\u52a1\u7684\u5b8c\u6574\u6a21\u5f0f\u3002\u201d\uff081965\u5e74\uff0c\u7b2c 11 \u9875\uff09<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\ud83d\udca1 \u5b66\u4e60\u7b14\u8bb0\uff1a<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Weick\u5728\u7ed9\u51fa\u201c\u7ec4\u7ec7\u5316\u201d\u6b63\u5f0f\u5b9a\u4e49\u524d\u5f15\u7528\u8fd9\u6bb5\u8bdd\uff0c\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u592f\u5b9e\u4e92\u52a8\u7684\u5fc3\u7406\u57fa\u7840\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u671f\u671b\u7684\u76f8\u4e92\u9501\u5b9a\uff1a<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Weick\u8ba4\u4e3a\u7ec4\u7ec7\u5316\u662f\u201c\u6210\u5458\u8054\u52a8\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u201d\u3002\u6c99\u56e0\u7684\u89c2\u70b9\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u5728\u8fd9\u4e9b\u884c\u4e3a\u53d1\u751f\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u5148\u5b58\u5728\u7740\u8054\u52a8\u7684\u671f\u671b\u3002\u5982\u679c\u53cc\u65b9\u5bf9\u201c\u8c01\u8be5\u5e72\u4ec0\u4e48\u201d\u6ca1\u6709\u57fa\u672c\u7684\u9ed8\u5951\uff0c\u90a3\u4e9b\u590d\u6742\u7684\u7ec4\u7ec7\u6d3b\u52a8\uff08\u5982\u51b0\u7403\u8d5b\u3001\u6307\u6325\u4ea4\u54cd\u4e50\uff09\u6839\u672c\u65e0\u6cd5\u542f\u52a8\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u8d85\u8d8a\u201c\u94b1\u4e8b\u4ea4\u6613\u201d\u7684\u8bed\u6cd5\uff1a<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5fc3\u7406\u5951\u7ea6\u662f\u4e00\u5957\u6df1\u5c42\u7684\u201c\u8bed\u6cd5\u201d\u3002\u5b83\u89c4\u5b9a\u4e86\u5728\u5408\u540c\u6ca1\u5199\u6e05\u695a\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u5927\u5bb6\u8be5\u5982\u4f55\u76f8\u5904\uff08\u6743\u5229\u4e0e\u4e49\u52a1\u7684\u6a21\u5f0f\uff09\u3002\u8fd9\u89e3\u91ca\u4e86\u4e3a\u4f55\u5361\u62c9\u5a01\u90e8\u957f\u7684\u201c\u5f88\u9ad8\u5174\u4f60\u95ee\u5230\u8fd9\u4e2a\u201d\u80fd\u751f\u6548\u2014\u2014\u5b83\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u662f\u5728\u91cd\u5851\u8fd9\u4efd\u5951\u7ea6\uff0c\u589e\u52a0\u4e86\u4e00\u9879\u201c\u8bda\u5b9e\u6c9f\u901a\u201d\u7684\u4e49\u52a1\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u4e92\u52a8\u7684\u52a8\u529b\u6e90\uff1a<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u7ec4\u7ec7\u5316\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u8017\u80fd\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u3002\u6210\u5458\u4e4b\u6240\u4ee5\u613f\u610f\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u4e0d\u65ad\u5730\u201c\u51cf\u5c11\u6b67\u4e49\u201d\uff0c\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u4ed6\u4eec\u76f8\u4fe1\u8fd9\u4efd\u5fc3\u7406\u5951\u7ea6\u662f\u5e73\u8861\u7684\u3002\u4e00\u65e6\u4e00\u65b9\u89c9\u5f97\u201c\u671f\u671b\u843d\u7a7a\u201d\uff0c\u8054\u52a8\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u5e8f\u5217\u5c31\u4f1a\u65ad\u88c2\uff0c\u7ec4\u7ec7\u5316\u4e5f\u5c31\u7ec8\u6b62\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u603b\u7ed3\uff1a\u7ec4\u7ec7\u5316\u4e0d\u4ec5\u662f\u52a8\u4f5c\u7684\u5bf9\u63a5\uff0c\u66f4\u662f\u7075\u9b42\uff08\u671f\u671b\uff09\u7684\u5951\u5408\u3002<br><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\uff08\u4e0b\u4e00\u671f\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u7ee7\u7eed\u5b66\u4e60\uff09<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u63a5\u4e0a\u671f\uff1a\u300a\u7ec4\u7ec7\u793e\u4f1a\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u300b\u5b66\u4e60\u7b14\u8bb0 016 \u539f\u6587\uff1aMost organizational theorists  &hellip; <\/p>\n<p class=\"link-more\"><a href=\"https:\/\/mooda.com.cn\/?page_id=1347\" class=\"more-link\">\u7ee7\u7eed\u9605\u8bfb<span class=\"screen-reader-text\">\u201c\u300a\u7ec4\u7ec7\u793e\u4f1a\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u300b\u5b66\u4e60\u7b14\u8bb0 017\u201d<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/mooda.com.cn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1347"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/mooda.com.cn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/mooda.com.cn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mooda.com.cn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mooda.com.cn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=1347"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/mooda.com.cn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1347\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1348,"href":"https:\/\/mooda.com.cn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1347\/revisions\/1348"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/mooda.com.cn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=1347"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}