{"id":1339,"date":"2026-05-25T15:30:03","date_gmt":"2026-05-25T07:30:03","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/mooda.com.cn\/?page_id=1339"},"modified":"2026-05-25T15:30:03","modified_gmt":"2026-05-25T07:30:03","slug":"%e3%80%8a%e7%bb%84%e7%bb%87%e7%a4%be%e4%bc%9a%e5%bf%83%e7%90%86%e5%ad%a6%e3%80%8b%e5%ad%a6%e4%b9%a0%e7%ac%94%e8%ae%b0-015","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/mooda.com.cn\/?page_id=1339","title":{"rendered":"\u300a\u7ec4\u7ec7\u793e\u4f1a\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u300b\u5b66\u4e60\u7b14\u8bb0 015"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><em>\u63a5\u4e0a\u671f\uff1a<\/em><a href=\"https:\/\/mp.weixin.qq.com\/s?__biz=MzI5MjIxMzQxMA==&amp;mid=2247492955&amp;idx=1&amp;sn=1468c85aae966bce7940a64c944faeef&amp;scene=21#wechat_redirect\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">\u300a\u7ec4\u7ec7\u793e\u4f1a\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u300b\u5b66\u4e60\u7b14\u8bb0 014<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u539f\u6587\uff1aThis quotation suggests several additional properties of the grook: (1) the person at the top can be in a vulnerable position; (2) subordinates often do not realize the amount of control they actually have-an observation that occurs repeatedly in experiments on coalition formation (e.g., Vinacke et al. 1966); (3) if the hierarchy is to be maintained, it must be continuously reestablished by the person above sending acceptable orders to the person below \u2014 in Barnard&#8217;s language, orders must be within the &#8220;Zone of Indifference&#8221; for subordinates (1938, p. 167); (4) the acceptance of orders is always determined in part by self-interest \u2014not only do orders vary in their acceptability, but subordinates vary in their interests and definitions of what is acceptable.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\uff1a\u8fd9\u6bb5\u5f15\u6587\u6697\u793a\u4e86\u90a3\u9996\u683c\u8a00\u8bd7\uff08grook\uff09\u6240\u4f53\u73b0\u51fa\u7684\u51e0\u4e2a\u989d\u5916\u5c5e\u6027\uff1a(1)\u5904\u4e8e\u9876\u7aef\u7684\u4eba\u53ef\u80fd\u5904\u4e8e\u4e00\u79cd\u6781\u5ea6\u8106\u5f31\u7684\u5883\u5730\uff1b(2)\u90e8\u4e0b\u5f80\u5f80\u610f\u8bc6\u4e0d\u5230\u4ed6\u4eec\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u62e5\u6709\u7684\u63a7\u5236\u6743\u6709\u591a\u5927\u2014\u2014\u8fd9\u4e00\u89c2\u5bdf\u5728\u5173\u4e8e\u8054\u76df\u5f62\u6210\u7684\u5b9e\u9a8c\u4e2d\u53cd\u590d\u51fa\u73b0\uff08\u4f8b\u5982 Vinacke \u7b49 1966\uff09\uff1b(3)\u5982\u679c\u8981\u7ef4\u6301\u8fd9\u79cd\u5c42\u7ea7\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u4e0a\u7ea7\u5fc5\u987b\u901a\u8fc7\u5411\u4e0b\u7ea7\u53d1\u9001\u2018\u53ef\u63a5\u53d7\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u2019\u6765\u4e0d\u65ad\u5730\u91cd\u65b0\u786e\u7acb\u5b83\u2014\u2014\u7528\u5df4\u7eb3\u5fb7\u7684\u672f\u8bed\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u547d\u4ee4\u5fc5\u987b\u5904\u4e8e\u90e8\u4e0b\u7684\u2018\u65e0\u5dee\u5f02\u533a\u2019\uff08Zone of Indifference\uff09\u4e4b\u5185\uff081938, p. 167\uff09\uff1b(4) \u5bf9\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u63a5\u53d7\u7a0b\u5ea6\u59cb\u7ec8\u5728\u4e00\u5b9a\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u4e2a\u4eba\u5229\u76ca\u2014\u2014\u4e0d\u4ec5\u547d\u4ee4\u672c\u8eab\u7684\u53ef\u63a5\u53d7\u5ea6\u5404\u4e0d\u76f8\u540c\uff0c\u90e8\u4e0b\u7684\u5229\u76ca\u8bc9\u6c42\u53ca\u5176\u5bf9\u2019\u53ef\u63a5\u53d7\u2019\u7684\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e5f\u5404\u4e0d\u76f8\u540c\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\ud83d\udca1 \u5b66\u4e60\u7b14\u8bb0\uff1a<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Weick\u901a\u8fc7\u5bf9\u5df4\u7eb3\u5fb7\u7406\u8bba\u7684\u5ef6\u5c55\uff0c\u63ed\u793a\u4e86\u7ec4\u7ec7\u5316\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u7684\u5fc3\u7406\u5951\u7ea6\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u6743\u529b\u7684\u8106\u5f31\u6027\uff1a<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u8fd9\u547c\u5e94\u4e86\u300a\u591a\u6570\u539f\u5219\u300b\u90a3\u9996\u8bd7\uff1a\u5dc5\u5cf0\u4e0a\u7684\u4eba\u770b\u4f3c\u638c\u63a7\u4e00\u5207\uff0c\u4f46\u4ed6\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\u5b8c\u5168\u4f9d\u8d56\u4e8e\u5e95\u5c42\u5c42\u5c42\u5411\u4e0a\u7684\u6388\u6743\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5e95\u5c42\u7684\u201c\u5171\u8bc6\u9a8c\u8bc1\u201d\u64a4\u9500\uff0c\u9876\u7aef\u7684\u4eba\u5c31\u4f1a\u77ac\u95f4\u8dcc\u843d\u3002\u7ec4\u7ec7\u5316\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u6301\u7eed\u7684\u3001\u9700\u8981\u4e0d\u65ad\u7ef4\u62a4\u7684\u201c\u52a8\u6001\u5e73\u8861\u201d\uff0c\u800c\u975e\u6c38\u6052\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u201c\u65e0\u5dee\u5f02\u533a\u201d\u7684\u827a\u672f\uff1a<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u8fd9\u662f\u5df4\u7eb3\u5fb7\u7406\u8bba\u4e2d\u6700\u7cbe\u5f69\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u3002\u6240\u8c13\u201c\u65e0\u5dee\u5f02\u533a\u201d\uff0c\u662f\u6307\u4e00\u4e2a\u4eba\u613f\u610f\u4e0d\u52a0\u8d28\u7591\u5730\u63a5\u53d7\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u8303\u56f4\u3002Weick\u8ba4\u4e3a\u7ba1\u7406\u8005\u7684\u4efb\u52a1\u662f\u51cf\u5c11\u6b67\u4e49\u3002\u5982\u679c\u547d\u4ee4\u592a\u79bb\u8c31\uff08\u8d85\u51fa\u65e0\u5dee\u5f02\u533a\uff09\uff0c\u5c31\u4f1a\u5f15\u53d1\u4e0b\u5c5e\u7684\u601d\u8003\u548c\u8d28\u7591\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u589e\u52a0\u6b67\u4e49\u3002\u806a\u660e\u7684\u7ba1\u7406\u8005\u4f1a\u53d1\u9001\u90a3\u4e9b\u201c\u770b\u8d77\u6765\u81ea\u7136\u800c\u7136\u201d\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u8ba9\u7ec4\u7ec7\u5728\u9ed8\u8ba4\u72b6\u6001\u4e0b\u8fd0\u884c\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u90e8\u4e0b\u7684\u201c\u76f2\u533a\u201d\u4e0e\u5b9e\u9645\u63a7\u5236\u6743\uff1a<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Weick\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u7ec4\u7ec7\u4e4b\u6240\u4ee5\u80fd\u7a33\u5b9a\uff0c\u90e8\u5206\u539f\u56e0\u5728\u4e8e\u4e0b\u5c5e\u8bef\u4ee5\u4e3a\u81ea\u5df1\u6ca1\u6709\u6743\u529b\u3002\u4e00\u65e6\u4e0b\u5c5e\u901a\u8fc7\u67d0\u79cd\u5951\u673a\uff08\u5982\u96c6\u4f53\u884c\u52a8\u6216\u5916\u90e8\u5371\u673a\uff09\u610f\u8bc6\u5230\u201c\u53ea\u8981\u6211\u4e0d\u914d\u5408\uff0c\u4ed6\u5c31\u6ca1\u6cd5\u5e72\u201d\uff0c\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7684\u6743\u529b\u683c\u5c40\u5c31\u4f1a\u53d1\u751f\u5267\u53d8\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u5229\u76ca\u4e0e\u5b9a\u4e49\u7684\u591a\u5143\u6027\uff1a<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u6bcf\u4e2a\u4eba\u5bf9\u201c\u4ec0\u4e48\u662f\u53ef\u4ee5\u63a5\u53d7\u7684\u201d\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e0d\u540c\u3002\u8fd9\u56de\u5230\u4e86Weick\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\uff1a\u7ec4\u7ec7\u5316\u662f\u5173\u4e8e\u201c\u534f\u5546\u73b0\u5b9e\u201d\u3002\u7ba1\u7406\u8005\u5fc5\u987b\u4e0d\u65ad\u8c03\u6574\u4ed6\u7684\u201c\u8bed\u6cd5\u201d\uff0c\u4ee5\u786e\u4fdd\u4e0d\u540c\u5229\u76ca\u8bc9\u6c42\u7684\u4eba\u90fd\u80fd\u5728\u5404\u81ea\u7684\u201c\u65e0\u5dee\u5f02\u533a\u201d\u5185\u627e\u5230\u914d\u5408\u884c\u52a8\u7684\u7406\u7531\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u603b\u7ed3\uff1a\u5c42\u7ea7\u5236\u4e0d\u662f\u9760\u89c4\u7ae0\u5236\u5ea6\u652f\u6491\u7684\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u9760\u6bcf\u4e00\u5929\u3001\u6bcf\u4e00\u6761\u547d\u4ee4\u80fd\u5426\u88ab\u4e0b\u5c5e\u987a\u5229\u201c\u6d88\u5316\u201d\u800c\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u3002\u4f60\u89c9\u5f97\u5728\u5b9e\u9645\u5de5\u4f5c\u4e2d\uff0c\u9886\u5bfc\u8005\u6709\u54ea\u4e9b\u884c\u4e3a\u662f\u5728\u8bd5\u63a2\u5458\u5de5\u7684\u90a3\u4e2a\u201c\u65e0\u5dee\u5f02\u533a\u201d\u8fb9\u7f18\uff1f<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u539f\u6587\uff1aAs a sidelight on the issue of authority, it is interesting to note that even though there are seven levels in our chart, the last three levels involve the same three people in different combinations. Three are picked to rule; of these three, two can override the third; and one of the two is weak, so one person winds up in actual control. The crucial property here is that effective influence in the large collectivity depends on alliances among a very few members. Several theorists describe organizational functioning in terms of alliances that are established (e.g., Caplow 1964; Cyert and March 1963). These theorists argue that to understand an organization is to locate the crucial alliances that control large numbers of people. This is precisely the point made by the grook. Despite the size of the original group (N = 100) and despite the fact that there are supposedly 100 different influential people, in reality the crucial decisions &#8211; those thought to be the majority decisions-are made by one person: the minority. The important point is not that one person rules; the important point is the fact that this control is made possible by the pattern of alliances that exists in the group. It is the pattern of relationships, not the fact that a &#8220;great man&#8221; sits on top of the heap, that makes it possible for influence to be concentrated.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\uff1a\u4f5c\u4e3a\u6743\u5a01\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u4fa7\u9762\uff0c\u6709\u8da3\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u5c3d\u7ba1\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u56fe\u8868\u4e2d\u6709\u4e03\u4e2a\u5c42\u7ea7\uff0c\u4f46\u6700\u540e\u4e09\u4e2a\u5c42\u7ea7\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u6d89\u53ca\u7684\u662f\u540c\u6837\u4e09\u4e2a\u4eba\u5728\u8fdb\u884c\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u7ec4\u5408\u3002\u9009\u51fa\u4e09\u4eba\u6765\u7edf\u6cbb\uff1b\u8fd9\u4e09\u4eba\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e24\u4eba\u53ef\u4ee5\u5426\u51b3\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\uff1b\u800c\u8fd9\u4e24\u4f4d\u4e2d\u6709\u4e00\u4eba\u8f83\u5f31\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u6700\u7ec8\u7531\u4e00\u4eba\u638c\u63e1\u5b9e\u9645\u63a7\u5236\u6743\u3002\u8fd9\u91cc\u7684\u5173\u952e\u5c5e\u6027\u5728\u4e8e\uff1a\u5927\u578b\u96c6\u4f53\u4e2d\u7684\u6709\u6548\u5f71\u54cd\u529b\uff0c\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u6781\u5c11\u6570\u6210\u5458\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u8054\u76df\uff08Alliances\uff09\u3002\u8bb8\u591a\u7406\u8bba\u5bb6\u5c06\u7ec4\u7ec7\u8fd0\u4f5c\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e3a\u5df2\u5efa\u7acb\u7684\u8054\u76df\uff08\u4f8b\u5982 Caplow 1964; Cyert and March 1963\uff09\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7406\u8bba\u5bb6\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u7406\u89e3\u4e00\u4e2a\u7ec4\u7ec7\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u8981\u5b9a\u4f4d\u90a3\u4e9b\u63a7\u5236\u7740\u7edd\u5927\u591a\u6570\u4eba\u7684\u5173\u952e\u8054\u76df\u3002\u8fd9\u6b63\u662f\u90a3\u9996\u683c\u8a00\u8bd7\u6240\u8868\u8fbe\u7684\u89c2\u70b9\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u539f\u59cb\u7fa4\u4f53\u89c4\u6a21\u5e9e\u5927\uff08N=100\uff09\uff0c\u5c3d\u7ba1\u540d\u4e49\u4e0a\u6709100\u4e2a\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u6709\u5f71\u54cd\u529b\u7684\u4eba\uff0c\u4f46\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\uff0c\u90a3\u4e9b\u88ab\u8ba4\u4e3a\u662f\u2018\u591a\u6570\u6d3e\u51b3\u5b9a\u2019\u7684\u5173\u952e\u51b3\u7b56\uff0c\u5374\u662f\u7531\u4e00\u4e2a\u4eba\u2014\u2014\u5373\u90a3\u4e2a\u2018\u5c11\u6570\u6d3e\u2019\u2014\u2014\u505a\u51fa\u7684\u3002\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u4e00\u70b9\u4e0d\u5728\u4e8e\u2018\u4e00\u4e2a\u4eba\u5728\u7edf\u6cbb\u2019\uff1b\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u4e00\u70b9\u5728\u4e8e\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u63a7\u5236\u4e4b\u6240\u4ee5\u6210\u4e3a\u53ef\u80fd\uff0c\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u7fa4\u4f53\u4e2d\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u8054\u76df\u6a21\u5f0f\u3002\u662f\u8fd9\u79cd\u5173\u7cfb\u6a21\u5f0f\uff0c\u800c\u975e\u67d0\u4e2a\u2018\u4f1f\u4eba\u2019\u9ad8\u5c45\u9876\u7aef\u7684\u4e8b\u5b9e\uff0c\u624d\u4f7f\u5f97\u5f71\u54cd\u529b\u7684\u96c6\u4e2d\u6210\u4e3a\u53ef\u80fd\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\ud83d\udca1 \u5b66\u4e60\u7b14\u8bb0\uff1a<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Weick\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\u62c6\u89e3\u4e86\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7ed3\u6784\u56fe\u7684\u4f2a\u88c5\uff0c\u9732\u51fa\u4e86\u5176\u80cc\u540e\u7684\u201c\u5173\u7cfb\u9aa8\u67b6\u201d\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u6743\u529b\u662f\u201c\u5173\u7cfb\u201d\u7684\u4ea7\u7269\uff0c\u800c\u975e\u201c\u5934\u8854\u201d\u7684\u5c5e\u6027<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Weick\u5f3a\u8c03\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u540d\u4e49\u4e0a\u662f 100 \u4eba\u7684\u6c11\u4e3b\u51b3\u7b56\uff0c\u5176\u5185\u6838\u4f9d\u7136\u662f\u6781\u5c11\u6570\u4eba\uff08\u5982\u90a33\u4e2a\u4eba\uff09\u7684\u4e92\u52a8\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u53ea\u770b\u804c\u4f4d\uff0c\u4f60\u4f1a\u4ee5\u4e3a\u90a3\u4e2a\u201c\u9876\u7aef\u7684\u4eba\u201d\u5929\u751f\u6709\u6743\uff1b\u4f46Weick\u8ba9\u4f60\u770b\u5230\uff0c\u6743\u529b\u662f\u901a\u8fc7\u4e00\u8fde\u4e32\u56e0\u679c\u56de\u8def\u548c\u8054\u52a8\u884c\u4e3a\u5411\u4e0a\u8f93\u9001\u5e76\u9501\u5b9a\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u8054\u76df\u662f\u7ec4\u7ec7\u5316\u7684\u57fa\u7840<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u8fd9\u547c\u5e94\u4e86Weick\u4e4b\u524d\u63d0\u5230\u7684\u201c\u4e24\u4eba\u4e92\u52a8\u662f\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7684\u6839\u6e90\u201d\u3002\u4f8b\u5b50\uff1a\u4e09\u4eba\u5c0f\u7ec4\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e24\u4e2a\u4eba\u53ea\u8981\u8fbe\u6210\u9ed8\u5951\uff0c\u5c31\u80fd\u5b64\u7acb\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u3002\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u4eba\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u201c\u5171\u8bc6\u9a8c\u8bc1\u201d\u5c31\u6210\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e09\u4e2a\u4eba\u7684\u73b0\u5b9e\u3002\u89e3\u8bfb\uff1a\u7ec4\u7ec7\u5316\u5c31\u662f\u5c06\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5fae\u89c2\u7684\u201c\u4e24\u4eba\u3001\u4e09\u4eba\u5173\u7cfb\u201d\u5c42\u5c42\u5d4c\u5957\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u4e0d\u7406\u89e3\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5e95\u5c42\u7684\u79c1\u4eba\u8054\u76df\u548c\u975e\u6b63\u5f0f\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u4f60\u5c31\u6c38\u8fdc\u770b\u4e0d\u61c2\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7ec4\u7ec7\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u8fd0\u4f5c\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u201c\u591a\u6570\u6d3e\u201d\u7684\u865a\u6784\u6027<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Weick\u63ed\u9732\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u8f9b\u8fa3\u7684\u771f\u76f8\uff1a\u7ec4\u7ec7\u4e2d\u6240\u8c13\u7684\u201c\u96c6\u4f53\u610f\u5fd7\u201d\u6216\u201c\u591a\u6570\u6d3e\u51b3\u5b9a\u201d\uff0c\u5f80\u5f80\u53ea\u662f\u5c11\u6570\u6d3e\u5229\u7528\u7ec4\u7ec7\u201c\u8bed\u6cd5\uff08\u89c4\u5219\uff09\u201d\u8fdb\u884c\u64cd\u4f5c\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u3002\u90a3\u4e2a\u7ad9\u5728\u5dc5\u5cf0\u7684\u4eba\uff0c\u672c\u8d28\u4e0a\u662f\u90a3\u4e2a\u6700\u64c5\u957f\u64cd\u7eb5\u201c\u5173\u7cfb\u201d\u7684\u4eba\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7684\u201c\u9c81\u68d2\u6027\u201d\u4e0e\u201c\u8106\u5f31\u6027\u201d\u5e76\u5b58<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u56e0\u4e3a\u6743\u529b\u4f9d\u8d56\u4e8e\u8054\u76df\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\uff1a\u7a33\u5b9a\u65f6\uff1a\u53ea\u8981\u90a3\u51e0\u4e2a\u4eba\u7684\u76df\u7ea6\u4e0d\u7834\uff0c\u7ec4\u7ec7\u770b\u8d77\u6765\u5c31\u575a\u4e0d\u53ef\u6467\u3002\u5d29\u6e83\u65f6\uff1a\u4e00\u65e6\u5173\u952e\u76df\u53cb\u53cd\u76ee\uff08\u6bd4\u5982\u90a3\u4e24\u4eba\u4e2d\u7684\u5f31\u8005\u5012\u5411\u4e86\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\uff09\uff0c\u539f\u672c\u5e9e\u5927\u7684\u5c42\u7ea7\u7ed3\u6784\u4f1a\u50cf\u591a\u7c73\u8bfa\u9aa8\u724c\u4e00\u6837\u77ac\u95f4\u74e6\u89e3\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u603b\u7ed3\uff1a\u7406\u89e3\u7ec4\u7ec7\u4e0d\u8981\u53bb\u770b\u90a3\u4e2a\u201c\u4f1f\u4eba\u201d\uff0c\u8981\u53bb\u5bfb\u627e\u90a3\u4e9b\u9690\u5f62\u7684\u201c\u80fd\u91cf\u7ed3\u70b9\u201d\u3002\u4f60\u662f\u5426\u4e5f\u66fe\u5728\u804c\u573a\u4e2d\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c\u51b3\u5b9a\u5927\u65b9\u5411\u7684\u5f80\u5f80\u4e0d\u662f\u5927\u4f1a\u4e0a\u7684\u6295\u7968\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u4f1a\u524d\u67d0\u4e2a\u5c0f\u623f\u95f4\u91cc\u7684\u201c\u4e2a\u522b\u8c08\u8bdd\u201d\uff1f<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u539f\u6587\uff1aAlthough control relationships are regarded by many as the key element for understanding the organization (e.g., Smith 1978; Scott et al. 1967; Tannenbaum 1968), there are other features commonly discussed in organization theory that are visible in the grook. For instance, the number of levels present in an organization (seven levels are depicted in the example) is regarded by many theorists as a crucial property that explains much of organizational functioning (e.g, Porter and Lawler 1965; Evan 1963). This property is commonly referred to as flat versus tall organizations.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\uff1a\u5c3d\u7ba1\u8bb8\u591a\u4eba\uff08\u5982 Smith 1978; Scott et al. 1967; Tannenbaum 1968\uff09\u5c06\u63a7\u5236\u5173\u7cfb\u89c6\u4e3a\u7406\u89e3\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7684\u903b\u8f91\u5173\u952e\uff0c\u4f46\u5728\u90a3\u9996\u683c\u8a00\u8bd7\u4e2d\uff0c\u8fd8\u4f53\u73b0\u4e86\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7406\u8bba\u4e2d\u901a\u5e38\u8ba8\u8bba\u7684\u5176\u4ed6\u7279\u5f81\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u7ec4\u7ec7\u4e2d\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u5c42\u7ea7\u6570\u91cf\uff08\u5728\u672c\u4f8b\u4e2d\u63cf\u7ed8\u4e86\u4e03\u4e2a\u5c42\u7ea7\uff09\uff0c\u88ab\u8bb8\u591a\u7406\u8bba\u5bb6\u89c6\u4e3a\u89e3\u91ca\u7ec4\u7ec7\u8fd0\u4f5c\u7684\u5173\u952e\u5c5e\u6027\uff08\u5982 Porter and Lawler 1965; Evan 1963\uff09\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u5c5e\u6027\u901a\u5e38\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a\u2018\u6241\u5e73\u5316\u7ec4\u7ec7\u2019\u4e0e\u2018\u9ad8\u8038\u578b\u7ec4\u7ec7\u2019\u3002\u201d<br><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\ud83d\udca1 \u5b66\u4e60\u7b14\u8bb0\uff1a<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Weick\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\u5f15\u5165\u4e86\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7ed3\u6784\u4e2d\u7684\u7ecf\u5178\u5bf9\u6bd4\uff0c\u65e8\u5728\u63a2\u8ba8\u201c\u5c42\u7ea7\u201d\u5982\u4f55\u5f71\u54cd\u201c\u7ec4\u7ec7\u5316\u201d\u7684\u6548\u7387\u4e0e\u8d28\u91cf\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u9ad8\u8038\u578b\uff08Tall\uff09 vs. \u6241\u5e73\u5316\uff08Flat\uff09<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u9ad8\u8038\u578b\uff08\u5982\u8bd7\u4e2d\u6240\u793a\uff09\uff1a\u6307\u5c42\u7ea7\u591a\u3001\u7ba1\u7406\u5e45\u5ea6\u7a84\u3002\u8fd9\u610f\u5473\u7740\u4fe1\u606f\u5728\u5411\u4e0a\u6c47\u603b\u6216\u5411\u4e0b\u4f20\u8fbe\u65f6\uff0c\u5fc5\u987b\u7ecf\u8fc7\u591a\u9053\u201c\u8fc7\u6ee4\u5668\u201d\u3002Weick\u7684\u8b66\u793a\uff1a\u5728\u300a\u591a\u6570\u539f\u5219\u300b\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e03\u4e2a\u5c42\u7ea7\u4ee3\u8868\u4e86\u4e03\u6b21\u201c\u610f\u4e49\u7684\u8f6c\u5316\u201d\u3002\u6bcf\u4e00\u6b21\u5411\u4e0a\u5c42\u53e0\uff0c\u539f\u59cb\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\uff08\u6c11\u610f\uff09\u5c31\u4f1a\u88ab\u5265\u79bb\u6389\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u3002\u5c42\u7ea7\u8d8a\u591a\uff0c\u6700\u7ec8\u9876\u7aef\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u51b3\u7b56\u4e0e\u5e95\u5c42\u7684\u73b0\u5b9e\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u201c\u6b67\u4e49\u6027\u201d\u53ef\u80fd\u5c31\u8d8a\u5927\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u5c42\u7ea7\u4f5c\u4e3a\u201c\u8bed\u6cd5\u201d\u7684\u590d\u6742\u5316<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Weick\u8ba4\u4e3a\u7ec4\u7ec7\u5316\u662f\u51cf\u5c11\u6b67\u4e49\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u3002\u4f46\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u9ad8\u8038\u578b\u7ec4\u7ec7\u91cc\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e00\u4e2a\u5c42\u7ea7\u90fd\u4f1a\u52a0\u5165\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u201c\u89e3\u91ca\u8bed\u6cd5\u201d\u3002\u7ed3\u679c\uff1a\u5f53\u5c42\u7ea7\u8fc7\u591a\u65f6\uff0c\u7ec4\u7ec7\u5316\u53cd\u800c\u53ef\u80fd\u589e\u52a0\u6b67\u4e49\u3002\u5e95\u5c42\u7684\u4eba\u53ef\u80fd\u5b8c\u5168\u7406\u89e3\u4e0d\u4e86\u9876\u5c42\u90a3\u4e2a\u201c\u552f\u4e00\u9886\u8896\u201d\u5728\u8bf4\u4ec0\u4e48\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u4e2d\u95f4\u7ecf\u8fc7\u4e86\u592a\u591a\u6b21\u7684\u201c\u591a\u6570\u6d3e\u518d\u5b9a\u4e49\u201d\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u201c\u5c42\u7ea7\u201d\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u5fc3\u7406\u8ddd\u79bb<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Weick\u5f15\u7528\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6982\u5ff5\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u914d\u5408\u4ed6\u4e4b\u524d\u63d0\u5230\u7684\u201c\u76f8\u4e92\u4f9d\u8d56\u201d\u3002\u5728\u6241\u5e73\u7ec4\u7ec7\u4e2d\uff0c\u4eba\u4e0e\u4eba\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u8054\u52a8\u662f\u76f4\u63a5\u7684\u3001\u53ef\u89c1\u7684\uff1b\u800c\u5728\u9ad8\u8038\u7ec4\u7ec7\u4e2d\uff0c\u5e95\u5c42\u6210\u5458\u4e0e\u9876\u5c42\u51b3\u7b56\u8005\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u56e0\u679c\u94fe\u6761\u592a\u957f\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u957f\u94fe\u6761\u6b63\u662f\u4ed6\u4e4b\u524d\u5728\u201c\u51b0\u7403\u5927\u96fe\u201d\u6848\u4f8b\u4e2d\u63d0\u5230\u7684\u2014\u2014\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u5ef6\u8fdf\u53cd\u9988\u548c\u81ea\u6211\u632b\u8d25\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u6743\u529b\u96c6\u4e2d\u7684\u7269\u7406\u8868\u73b0<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5c42\u7ea7\u7684\u591a\u5c11\u76f4\u63a5\u51b3\u5b9a\u4e86\u6743\u529b\u96c6\u4e2d\u7684\u201c\u901f\u5ea6\u201d\u3002Weick\u6697\u793a\uff0c\u5c42\u7ea7\u7ed3\u6784\u5176\u5b9e\u662f\u7ec4\u7ec7\u4e3a\u4e86\u5f3a\u884c\u8fbe\u6210\u7edf\u4e00\u884c\u52a8\u800c\u8bbe\u8ba1\u7684\u7269\u7406\u6f0f\u6597\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u603b\u7ed3\uff1a\u4e3a\u4e86\u8ffd\u6c42\u201c\u63a7\u5236\u201d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5efa\u7acb\u4e86\u4e00\u5c42\u53c8\u4e00\u5c42\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u4f46\u8fd9\u662f\u5426\u4e5f\u8ba9\u51b3\u7b56\u5728\u201c\u5927\u96fe\u201d\u4e2d\u53d8\u5f97\u66f4\u52a0\u76f2\u76ee\uff1f\u4f60\u6240\u5728\u7684\u7ec4\u7ec7\u662f\u503e\u5411\u4e8e\u8fd9\u79cd\u201c\u5c42\u5c42\u6c47\u62a5\u201d\u7684\u9ad8\u8038\u578b\uff0c\u8fd8\u662f\u6c9f\u901a\u66f4\u76f4\u63a5\u7684\u6241\u5e73\u5316\uff1f\u8fd9\u79cd\u7ed3\u6784\u5bf9\u4f60\u7406\u89e3\u5de5\u4f5c\u4efb\u52a1\u6709\u5f71\u54cd\u5417\uff1f<br><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\uff08\u4e0b\u4e00\u671f\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u7ee7\u7eed\u5b66\u4e60\uff09<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u63a5\u4e0a\u671f\uff1a\u300a\u7ec4\u7ec7\u793e\u4f1a\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u300b\u5b66\u4e60\u7b14\u8bb0 014 \u539f\u6587\uff1aThis quotation suggests severa &hellip; <\/p>\n<p class=\"link-more\"><a href=\"https:\/\/mooda.com.cn\/?page_id=1339\" class=\"more-link\">\u7ee7\u7eed\u9605\u8bfb<span class=\"screen-reader-text\">\u201c\u300a\u7ec4\u7ec7\u793e\u4f1a\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u300b\u5b66\u4e60\u7b14\u8bb0 015\u201d<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/mooda.com.cn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1339"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/mooda.com.cn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/mooda.com.cn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mooda.com.cn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mooda.com.cn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=1339"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/mooda.com.cn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1339\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1340,"href":"https:\/\/mooda.com.cn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1339\/revisions\/1340"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/mooda.com.cn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=1339"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}