{"id":1274,"date":"2026-05-25T10:38:04","date_gmt":"2026-05-25T02:38:04","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/mooda.com.cn\/?page_id=1274"},"modified":"2026-05-25T10:56:01","modified_gmt":"2026-05-25T02:56:01","slug":"%e3%80%8a%e7%bb%84%e7%bb%87%e7%a4%be%e4%bc%9a%e5%bf%83%e7%90%86%e5%ad%a6%e3%80%8b%e5%ad%a6%e4%b9%a0%e7%ac%94%e8%ae%b0-004","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/mooda.com.cn\/?page_id=1274","title":{"rendered":"\u300a\u7ec4\u7ec7\u793e\u4f1a\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u300b\u5b66\u4e60\u7b14\u8bb0 004"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

\u63a5\u4e0a\u671f\uff1a<\/em>\u300a\u7ec4\u7ec7\u793e\u4f1a\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u300b\u5b66\u4e60\u7b14\u8bb0 003<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u539f\u6587\uff1aThe important issues of consensus in organizing concern rules for building social processes out of behaviors and interpretations that can be imposed on the puzzling inputs to these processes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\uff1a\u7ec4\u7ec7\u4e2d\u5173\u4e8e\u5171\u8bc6\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u8bfe\u9898\uff0c\u5728\u4e8e\u5982\u4f55\u786e\u7acb\u89c4\u5219\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fbf\u5229\u7528\u5404\u79cd\u884c\u4e3a\u548c\u89e3\u8bfb\u6765\u6784\u5efa\u793e\u4f1a\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff0c\u5e76\u5c06\u8fd9\u4e9b\u89c4\u5219\u65bd\u52a0\u4e8e\u8be5\u8fc7\u7a0b\u6240\u9762\u4e34\u7684\u5404\u79cd\u6251\u6714\u8ff7\u79bb\u7684\u8f93\u5165\u4fe1\u606f\u4e4b\u4e0a\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u56fe\u7247\u7531AI\u751f\u6210<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\ud83d\udccc \u5b66\u4e60\u7b14\u8bb0<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u6838\u5fc3\u8bcd\u6c47\u62c6\u89e3\uff08\u5e2e\u52a9\u7406\u89e3\uff09\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \n
  • Consensus in organizing\uff1a\u7ec4\u7ec7\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u7684\u5171\u8bc6\uff08\u4e0d\u4ec5\u662f\u7ed3\u679c\u7684\u5171\u8bc6\uff0c\u66f4\u662f\u5bf9\u201c\u5982\u4f55\u8fd0\u4f5c\u201d\u7684\u5171\u8bc6\uff09\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  • Rules for building social processes\uff1a\u6784\u5efa\u793e\u4f1a\u8fc7\u7a0b\u7684\u89c4\u5219\uff08\u5373\u5c06\u4e2a\u4eba\u884c\u4e3a\u4e32\u8054\u6210\u96c6\u4f53\u6d3b\u52a8\u7684\u201c\u5267\u672c\u201d\uff09\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  • Behaviors and interpretations\uff1a\u884c\u4e3a\u4e0e\u89e3\u8bfb\uff08\u9b4f\u514b\u8ba4\u4e3a\u7ec4\u7ec7\u662f\u7531\u6210\u5458\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u548c\u4ed6\u4eec\u5bf9\u884c\u4e3a\u7684\u89e3\u91ca\u5171\u540c\u6784\u6210\u7684\uff09\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

    Puzzling inputs\uff1a\u6251\u6714\u8ff7\u79bb\/\u4ee4\u4eba\u56f0\u60d1\u7684\u8f93\u5165\uff08\u6307\u5916\u754c\u73af\u5883\u4e2d\u7684\u6a21\u7cca\u4fe1\u606f\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    <\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \u539f\u6587\uff1aOrganizing is like a grammar in the sense that it is a systematic account of some rules and conventions by which sets of interlocked behaviors are assembled to form social processes that are intelligible to actors. It is also a grammar in the sense that it consists of rules for forming variables and causal linkages into meaningful structures (later called cause maps) that summarize the recent experience of the people who are organized. The grammar consists of recipes for getting things done when one person alone can\u2019t do them and recipes for interpreting what has been done.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\uff1a\u7ec4\u7ec7\u5c31\u50cf\u4e00\u5957\u8bed\u6cd5\uff0c\u4ece\u67d0\u79cd\u610f\u4e49\u4e0a\u8bf4\uff0c\u5b83\u5bf9\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u89c4\u5219\u548c\u60ef\u4f8b\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u7cfb\u7edf\u6027\u7684\u8bf4\u660e\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u8fd9\u4e9b\u89c4\u5219\uff0c\u76f8\u4e92\u5173\u8054\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u88ab\u7ec4\u5408\u6210\u884c\u52a8\u8005\u53ef\u4ee5\u7406\u89e3\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u8fc7\u7a0b\u3002\u5b83\u4e5f\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u8bed\u6cd5\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u5305\u542b\u4e86\u5c06\u53d8\u91cf\u548c\u56e0\u679c\u8054\u7cfb\u6784\u5efa\u6210\u6709\u610f\u4e49\u7ed3\u6784\uff08\u540e\u6765\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a\u56e0\u679c\u56fe\uff09\u7684\u89c4\u5219\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7ed3\u6784\u603b\u7ed3\u4e86\u7ec4\u7ec7\u6210\u5458\u8fd1\u671f\u7684\u7ecf\u9a8c\u3002\u8fd9\u5957\u8bed\u6cd5\u5305\u542b\u4e86\u5f53\u5355\u4e2a\u4eba\u65e0\u6cd5\u5b8c\u6210\u4efb\u52a1\u65f6\u7684\u884c\u52a8\u2019\u914d\u65b9\u2019\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5bf9\u65e2\u5b9a\u884c\u4e3a\u8fdb\u884c\u89e3\u91ca\u7684\u2018\u914d\u65b9\u2019\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n

    \n
    \"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n

    \u56fe\u7247\u7531AI\u751f\u6210<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \u539f\u6587\uff1aOrganizing is directed initially at any input that is not self-evident. Happenings that represent a change, a difference, or a discontinuity form what has been going on, happenings that seem to have more than one meaning (they are equivocal) are the occasion for sizable collective activity. Once theses inputs have become. less equivocal, these is a decrease in the amount of collective activity directed at them.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\uff1a\u7ec4\u7ec7\u6d3b\u52a8\u6700\u521d\u662f\u9488\u5bf9\u4efb\u4f55\u975e\u663e\u800c\u6613\u89c1\uff08\u5e76\u975e\u4e0d\u8bc1\u81ea\u660e\uff09\u7684\u8f93\u5165\u4fe1\u606f\u800c\u5c55\u5f00\u7684\u3002\u90a3\u4e9b\u4ee3\u8868\u4e86\u53d8\u5316\u3001\u5dee\u5f02\u6216\u4e0e\u73b0\u72b6\u8131\u8282\u7684\u4e8b\u4ef6\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u90a3\u4e9b\u4f3c\u4e4e\u5177\u6709\u591a\u79cd\u542b\u4e49\uff08\u5373\u5177\u6709\u6b67\u4e49\u6027\uff09\u7684\u4e8b\u4ef6\uff0c\u6b63\u662f\u5f15\u53d1\u5927\u89c4\u6a21\u96c6\u4f53\u6d3b\u52a8\u7684\u5951\u673a\u3002\u4e00\u65e6\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8f93\u5165\u4fe1\u606f\u7684\u6b67\u4e49\u6027\u964d\u4f4e\uff0c\u9488\u5bf9\u5b83\u4eec\u6240\u5c55\u5f00\u7684\u96c6\u4f53\u6d3b\u52a8\u91cf\u4e5f\u4f1a\u968f\u4e4b\u51cf\u5c11\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \u539f\u6587\uff1aFinally, the substance of organizing, the raw material that supplies the stable elements for the grammar, is interlocked behaviors (Buckley 1967, chap. 4). This interlocking is circular and was described by Allport:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\uff1a\u6700\u540e\uff0c\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7684\u5b9e\u8d28\u5185\u5bb9\uff0c\u5373\u4e3a\u8bed\u6cd5\u63d0\u4f9b\u7a33\u5b9a\u8981\u7d20\u7684\u539f\u6750\u6599\uff0c\u662f\u76f8\u4e92\u5173\u8054\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\uff08\u89c1\u5df4\u514b\u5229\uff0c1967\u5e74\uff0c\u7b2c4\u7ae0\uff09\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u5173\u8054\uff08\u9501\u5b9a\uff09\u662f\u5faa\u73af\u5f80\u590d\u7684\uff0c\u5965\u5c14\u6ce2\u7279\u66fe\u5bf9\u5176\u8fdb\u884c\u8fc7\u5982\u4e0b\u63cf\u8ff0\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \u539f\u6587\uff1aWhen individuals respond to one another in a direct, face-to-face manner, a social stimulus, given, for example, bye the behavior of individual A, is likely to evoke from individual B a response which serves in turn as a stimulus to A causing him to react further. The direction of the stimuli and of increased by the reactions which his own responses called forth from others\u201d (1924. Pp. 148-49)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\uff1a\u5f53\u4e2a\u4f53\u4ee5\u76f4\u63a5\u3001\u9762\u5bf9\u9762\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u76f8\u4e92\u56de\u5e94\u65f6\uff0c\u7531\u4e2a\u4f53A\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u6240\u7ed9\u51fa\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u523a\u6fc0\uff0c\u5f88\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u5f15\u53d1\u4e2a\u4f53B\u7684\u53cd\u5e94\uff1b\u800c\u8fd9\u4e00\u53cd\u5e94\u53cd\u8fc7\u6765\u53c8\u4f5c\u4e3a\u523a\u6fc0\u4f5c\u7528\u4e8eA\uff0c\u5bfc\u81f4A\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u505a\u51fa\u53cd\u5e94\u3002\u523a\u6fc0\u7684\u65b9\u5411\u548c\u5f3a\u5ea6\uff0c\u4f1a\u901a\u8fc7\u4e2a\u4f53\u81ea\u8eab\u53cd\u5e94\u6240\u5f15\u53d1\u7684\u4ed6\u4eba\u7684\u56de\u9988\u53cd\u5e94\u800c\u5f97\u5230\u589e\u5f3a\u3002\uff081924, \u7b2c148-49\u9875\uff09<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \ud83d\udccc \u5b66\u4e60\u7b14\u8bb0<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \u5b83\u63ed\u793a\u4e86\u201c\u7ec4\u7ec7\u201d\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u4ece\u65e0\u5230\u6709\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \u53cc\u5411\u5f3a\u5316\uff08Self-Reinforcing\uff09\uff1a<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \u7ec4\u7ec7\u4e0d\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u6b7b\u677f\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u80fd\u91cf\u5faa\u73af\u3002A\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u5f15\u8d77B\u7684\u6ce8\u610f\uff0cB\u7684\u56de\u5e94\u53c8\u53cd\u8fc7\u6765\u8bc1\u660e\u4e86A\u884c\u4e3a\u7684\u6709\u6548\u6027\uff08\u6216\u5f15\u53d1\u8c03\u6574\uff09\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u201c\u4e00\u6765\u4e00\u56de\u201d\u5c31\u662f\u7ec4\u7ec7\u6700\u57fa\u672c\u7684\u5355\u5143\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \u793e\u4f1a\u529b\u7684\u201c\u6eda\u96ea\u7403\u201d\u6548\u5e94\uff1a<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \u5965\u5c14\u6ce2\u7279\u5f3a\u8c03\u4e86\u201c\u589e\u5f3a\uff08increased\uff09\u201d\u3002\u8fd9\u610f\u5473\u7740\u5728\u7ec4\u7ec7\u4e2d\uff0c\u610f\u4e49\u548c\u884c\u52a8\u662f\u901a\u8fc7\u4e92\u52a8\u4e0d\u65ad\u653e\u5927\u7684\u3002\u539f\u672c\u6a21\u7cca\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u5ff5\u5934\uff0c\u7ecf\u8fc7\u51e0\u4e2a\u6765\u56de\u7684\u4e92\u52a8\uff0c\u5c31\u53ef\u80fd\u53d8\u6210\u4e00\u4e2a\u6b63\u5f0f\u7684\u9879\u76ee\u6216\u89c4\u5219\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \u4ece\u4e2a\u4f53\u5fc3\u7406\u5230\u793e\u4f1a\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff1a<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Weick\u901a\u8fc7\u5f15\u7528\u8fd9\u6bb5\u8bdd\uff0c\u6210\u529f\u5730\u5c06\u5fae\u89c2\u7684\u5fc3\u7406\u4e92\u52a8\u4e0e\u5b8f\u89c2\u7684\u7ec4\u7ec7\u884c\u4e3a\u8054\u7cfb\u4e86\u8d77\u6765\u3002\u4ed6\u60f3\u8bf4\u660e\uff1a\u4f60\u770b\u5230\u7684\u5b8f\u5927\u7ec4\u7ec7\u67b6\u6784\uff08\u5982\u8de8\u56fd\u516c\u53f8\uff09\uff0c\u672c\u8d28\u4e0a\u5c31\u662f\u65e0\u6570\u4e2a\u8fd9\u79cd\u201cA-B-A\u201d\u5fae\u89c2\u5faa\u73af\u7684\u53e0\u52a0\u548c\u56fa\u5316\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \u5b66\u672f\u6bd4\u8f83\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \u5bf9\u6bd4\u4f20\u7edf\u7ba1\u7406\u5b66\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \u4f20\u7edf\u7406\u8bba\uff08\u5982\u6cd5\u7ea6\u5c14\uff09\u5f3a\u8c03\u5355\u5411\u547d\u4ee4\uff08\u4e0a\u7ea7\u5bf9\u4e0b\u7ea7\uff09\u3002\u800c\u5965\u5c14\u6ce2\u7279\u548cWeick\u5f3a\u8c03\u5faa\u73af\u53cd\u9988\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \u5bf9\u6bd4\u7b26\u53f7\u4e92\u52a8\u8bba\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \u6208\u592b\u66fc\u5173\u6ce8\u4e92\u52a8\u7684\u201c\u8868\u6f14\u6027\u201d\uff0c\u800c\u5965\u5c14\u6ce2\u7279\/Weick\u5173\u6ce8\u4e92\u52a8\u7684\u201c\u529f\u80fd\u6027\u201d\u2014\u2014\u5373\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5faa\u73af\u5982\u4f55\u6784\u7b51\u6210\u89e3\u51b3\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u201c\u8bed\u6cd5\u201d\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    <\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \u539f\u6587\uff1aThe sequence Allport describes is called a double-interact throughout this book and is analyzed in Chapter 4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\uff1a\u5965\u5c14\u6ce2\u7279\u6240\u63cf\u8ff0\u7684\u8fd9\u79cd\u5e8f\u5217\uff0c\u5728\u5168\u4e66\u4e2d\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a\u2019\u53cc\u91cd\u4e92\u52a8\u2019\uff08double-interact\uff09\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u7b2c\u56db\u7ae0\u4e2d\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u8be6\u7ec6\u5206\u6790\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \ud83d\udccc \u5b66\u4e60\u7b14\u8bb0<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \u8fd9\u662fWeick\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7406\u8bba\u4e2d\u6700\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u6982\u5ff5\u3002\u8bf7\u6807\u8bb0\u4ee5\u4e0b\u4e09\u70b9\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \u4e09\u9879\u5f0f\u7ed3\u6784\uff1a<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Weick\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u5355\u6b21\u7684\u201c\u4e92\u52a8\u201d\uff08A\u884c\u52a8->B\u53cd\u5e94\uff09\u662f\u4e0d\u5b8c\u6574\u7684\u3002\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b8c\u6574\u7684\u7ec4\u7ec7\u5355\u5143\u5fc5\u987b\u5305\u542b\u4e09\u6b21\u884c\u4e3a\uff1a\u6295\u5165\uff08Act\uff09\uff1aA\u53d1\u51fa\u52a8\u4f5c\u3002\u4e92\u52a8\uff08Interact\uff09\uff1aB\u505a\u51fa\u56de\u5e94\u3002\u53cc\u91cd\u4e92\u52a8\uff08Double-interact\uff09\uff1aA\u518d\u6b21\u56de\u5e94\uff08\u53cd\u9988\uff09\uff0c\u786e\u8ba4\u6216\u4fee\u6b63B\u7684\u7406\u89e3\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u662f\u201c\u53cc\u91cd\u201d\uff1f<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \u53ea\u6709\u5f53A\u56de\u9988\u4e86B\u7684\u53cd\u5e94\uff0c\u5faa\u73af\u624d\u7b97\u95ed\u5408\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u95ed\u5408\u8fc7\u7a0b\u6d88\u9664\u4e86\u6b67\u4e49\u6027\u3002\u5982\u679cA\u4e0d\u56de\u9988\uff0cB\u6c38\u8fdc\u4e0d\u77e5\u9053\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u7406\u89e3\u662f\u5426\u6b63\u786e\uff0c\u7ec4\u7ec7\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e5f\u5c31\u65e0\u6cd5\u5efa\u7acb\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \u7ec4\u7ec7\u7684\u6700\u5c0f\u5355\u5143\uff1a<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Weick\u4e3b\u5f20\uff0c\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7684\u6700\u5c0f\u5206\u6790\u5355\u4f4d\u4e0d\u662f\u201c\u4e2a\u4eba\u201d\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u662f\u201c\u884c\u4e3a\u201d\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u201c\u53cc\u91cd\u4e92\u52a8\u201d\u3002\u5b83\u662f\u6784\u6210\u201c\u7ec4\u7ec7\u8bed\u6cd5\u201d\u7684\u5206\u5b50\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    <\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \u539f\u6587\uff1aFor the moment, it is sufficient to say that Bavelas’s golfers, Callaway’s colonels, Serebrier’s musicians, and the other characters depicted in the initial examples are all engaged in the same organizing that we associate with General Motors, NASA, IBM, and McDonald’s. In every case there is a shared sense of appropriate procedures and appropriate interpretations, an assemblage of behaviors distributed among two or more people, and a puzzle to be worked on. The conjunction of these procedures, interpretations, behaviors, and puzzles describes what organizing does and what an organization is (see Fig. 1.1).With this preliminary understanding in hand we can review the relevance of each example for the arguments to be presented.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\uff1a\u5c31\u76ee\u524d\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u8db3\u4ee5\u8bf4\u660e\u7684\u662f\uff1a\u5df4\u7ef4\u62c9\u65af\u7b14\u4e0b\u7684\u9ad8\u5c14\u592b\u7403\u624b\u3001\u5361\u62c9\u5a01\u7b14\u4e0b\u7684\u4e0a\u6821\u4eec\u3001\u585e\u96f7\u5e03\u91cc\u57c3\u7b14\u4e0b\u7684\u97f3\u4e50\u5bb6\u4eec\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u6700\u521d\u793a\u4f8b\u4e2d\u63cf\u7ed8\u7684\u5176\u4ed6\u4eba\u7269\uff0c\u90fd\u5728\u53c2\u4e0e\u7740\u540c\u4e00\u79cd\u2018\u7ec4\u7ec7\u5316\u2019\u6d3b\u52a8\u2014\u2014\u8fd9\u79cd\u6d3b\u52a8\u4e0e\u6211\u4eec\u8054\u60f3\u5230\u7684\u901a\u7528\u6c7d\u8f66\uff08GM\uff09\u3001\u7f8e\u56fd\u822a\u5929\u5c40\uff08NASA\uff09\u3001IBM\u4ee5\u53ca\u9ea6\u5f53\u52b3\u6240\u505a\u7684\u4e8b\u60c5\u5e76\u65e0\u4e8c\u81f4\u3002\u5728\u6bcf\u4e00\u4e2a\u6848\u4f8b\u4e2d\uff0c\u90fd\u5305\u542b\u4e86\u4e00\u5957\u5bf9\u6b63\u5f53\u7a0b\u5e8f\u548c\u6b63\u5f53\u89e3\u8bfb\u7684\u5171\u6709\u611f\u77e5\u3001\u4e00\u5957\u5206\u5e03\u5728\u4e24\u4eba\u6216\u591a\u4eba\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u7ec4\u5408\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u4e00\u4e2a\u5f85\u89e3\u51b3\u7684\u8c1c\u9898\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7a0b\u5e8f\u3001\u89e3\u8bfb\u3001\u884c\u4e3a\u4e0e\u8c1c\u9898\u7684\u7ed3\u5408\uff0c\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e86\u2018\u7ec4\u7ec7\u5316\u2019\u7684\u8fd0\u4f5c\u903b\u8f91\uff0c\u4e5f\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e86\u4ec0\u4e48\u662f\u2018\u7ec4\u7ec7\u2019\uff08\u89c1\u56fe1.1\uff09\u3002\u6709\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e9b\u521d\u6b65\u7684\u7406\u89e3\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u56de\u987e\u6bcf\u4e00\u4e2a\u793a\u4f8b\u4e0e\u4e0b\u6587\u4e2d\u5c06\u8981\u5c55\u5f00\u7684\u8bba\u70b9\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5173\u8054\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \ud83d\udccc \u5b66\u4e60\u7b14\u8bb0<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Weick\u7684\u201c\u7ec4\u7ec7\u5927\u4e00\u7edf\u201d\u89c2\u70b9\u3002\u8fd9\u6bb5\u8bdd\u662f\u7406\u89e3\u9b4f\u514b\u7406\u8bba\u7684\u5173\u952e\u8f6c\u6298\u70b9\uff0c\u4ece\u4ee5\u4e0b\u4e09\u4e2a\u7ef4\u5ea6\u8fdb\u884c\u68b3\u7406\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \u7ec4\u7ec7\u7684\u975e\u5bf9\u79f0\u6027\u6d88\u5931\uff08Scale Invariance\uff09<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Weick\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u65e0\u8bba\u662f\u4e24\u4eba\u7ec4\u5408\uff08\u5982\u4e50\u624b\u3001\u7403\u624b\uff09\u8fd8\u662f\u8de8\u56fd\u5de8\u5934\uff08\u5982IBM\u3001GM\uff09\uff0c\u5176\u6838\u5fc3\u903b\u8f91\u662f\u5b8c\u5168\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u3002\u4f20\u7edf\u89c2\u70b9\uff1a\u8ba4\u4e3a\u5927\u516c\u53f8\u9760\u7684\u662f\u7ed3\u6784\u3001\u5c42\u7ea7\u548c\u6218\u7565\uff0c\u800c\u5c0f\u56e2\u4f53\u9760\u7684\u662f\u4eba\u9645\u5173\u7cfb\u3002Weick\u89c2\u70b9\uff1a\u6240\u6709\u7ec4\u7ec7\u672c\u8d28\u4e0a\u90fd\u662f\u7531\u201c\u53cc\u91cd\u4e92\u52a8\u201d\u6784\u6210\u7684\u3002\u7ec4\u7ec7\u4e0d\u662f\u9759\u6001\u7684\u5efa\u7b51\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u52a8\u6001\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u6d41\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \u7ec4\u7ec7\u5b9a\u4e49\u7684\u56db\u4e2a\u8981\u7d20<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \u6839\u636e\u8fd9\u6bb5\u8bdd\uff0cWeick\u7ed9\u51fa\u4e86\u201c\u7ec4\u7ec7\u201d\u7684\u56db\u4e2a\u6838\u5fc3\u7ec4\u4ef6\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c06\u5176\u8bb0\u4e3a\u201c\u7ec4\u7ec7\u56db\u8981\u7d20\u6a21\u578b\u201d\uff1a\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5171\u8bc6\uff1a\u5173\u4e8e\u201c\u6211\u4eec\u8be5\u600e\u4e48\u505a\u201d\u7684\u5171\u8bc6\uff08\u8bed\u6cd5\u89c4\u5219\uff09\u3002\u89e3\u8bfb\u5171\u8bc6\uff1a\u5173\u4e8e\u201c\u8fd9\u4ee3\u8868\u4ec0\u4e48\u201d\u7684\u5171\u8bc6\uff08\u610f\u4e49\u8d4b\u4e88\uff09\u3002\u884c\u4e3a\u7ec4\u5408\uff1a\u5206\u5e03\u5728\u6210\u5458\u95f4\u7684\u8fde\u9501\u884c\u4e3a\uff08\u539f\u6750\u6599\uff09\u3002\u8c1c\u9898\uff1a\u9700\u8981\u88ab\u5904\u7406\u7684\u6a21\u7cca\u8f93\u5165\u6216\u4efb\u52a1\uff08\u9a71\u52a8\u529b\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \u00a0\u201c\u7ec4\u7ec7\u5316\u201d\u4f5c\u4e3a\u52a8\u8bcd<\/strong>Weick\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\u518d\u6b21\u5f3a\u8c03\uff0c\u6240\u8c13\u7684\u201c\u7ec4\u7ec7\u201d\uff08Organization\uff09\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u662f\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8981\u7d20\u201c\u7ed3\u5408\u201d\u7684\u52a8\u6001\u8fc7\u7a0b\u3002\u53ea\u8981\u8fd9\u56db\u6837\u4e1c\u897f\u51d1\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\uff0c\u7ec4\u7ec7\u5c31\u53d1\u751f\u4e86\u3002<\/strong>
    <\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \u6df1\u5ea6\u6bd4\u8f83\uff1aWeick\u4e0e\u793e\u4f1a\u5efa\u6784\u8bba<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      \n
    • \u4f2f\u683c\u548c\u5362\u514b\u66fc\uff1a\u4ed6\u4eec\u8ba4\u4e3a\u793e\u4f1a\u73b0\u5b9e\u662f\u5efa\u6784\u51fa\u6765\u7684\uff0cWeick\u5c06\u8fd9\u4e00\u601d\u60f3\u5f15\u5165\u7ec4\u7ec7\u5b66\u3002\u4ed6\u8ba4\u4e3aNASA\u5e76\u4e0d\u6bd4\u4e24\u4e2a\u9ad8\u5c14\u592b\u7403\u624b\u201c\u66f4\u771f\u5b9e\u201d\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u90fd\u53ea\u662f\u901a\u8fc7\u5171\u4eab\u7684\u89e3\u8bfb\u548c\u884c\u4e3a\u5efa\u7acb\u8d77\u6765\u7684\u8106\u5f31\u793e\u4f1a\u8fc7\u7a0b\u3002\u4e00\u65e6\u4eba\u4eec\u505c\u6b62\u4e86\u89e3\u8bfb\u548c\u8fde\u9501\u884c\u4e3a\uff0cNASA\u4e5f\u4f1a\u77ac\u95f4\u74e6\u89e3\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

      \u5361\u5c14\u00b7\u9b4f\u514b\uff08Karl Weick\uff09\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u4e0e\u793e\u4f1a\u5efa\u6784\u8bba\uff08Social Constructionism\uff09\u2014\u2014\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u4f2f\u683c\u548c\u5362\u514b\u66fc\uff08Berger & Luckmann\uff09\u5728\u300a\u73b0\u5b9e\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u5efa\u6784\u300b\u4e2d\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u89c2\u70b9\u2014\u2014\u6709\u7740\u6781\u6df1\u7684\u8840\u7f18\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u4f46\u5728\u5173\u6ce8\u70b9\u548c\u884c\u52a8\u903b\u8f91\u4e0a\u6709\u7740\u5fae\u5999\u4e14\u5173\u952e\u7684\u533a\u522b\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u4e24\u8005\u7684\u6df1\u5ea6\u5bf9\u6bd4\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      \u6838\u5fc3\u5171\u8bc6\uff1a\u73b0\u5b9e\u4e0d\u662f\u201c\u53d1\u73b0\u201d\u7684\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u201c\u53d1\u660e\u201d\u7684<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

      \u793e\u4f1a\u5efa\u6784\u8bba\uff1a\u8ba4\u4e3a\u73b0\u5b9e\u662f\u7531\u4eba\u7c7b\u901a\u8fc7\u8bed\u8a00\u548c\u4e92\u52a8\u5171\u540c\u521b\u9020\u7684\u4e00\u5957\u610f\u4e49\u7cfb\u7edf\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u773c\u4e2d\u7684\u201c\u7ec4\u7ec7\u201d\u3001\u201c\u653f\u5e9c\u201d\u6216\u201c\u89c4\u5219\u201d\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u5ba2\u89c2\u7269\u7406\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u5927\u5bb6\u90fd\u76f8\u4fe1\u5b83\u4eec\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u624d\u6709\u4e86\u529b\u91cf\u3002Weick\uff1a\u5b8c\u5168\u7ee7\u627f\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e00\u70b9\u3002\u4ed6\u8ba4\u4e3a\u7ec4\u7ec7\u73af\u5883\u662f\u201c\u5165\u6cd5\uff08Enacted\uff09\u201d\u51fa\u6765\u7684\u3002\u5c31\u50cf\u4ed6\u5f15\u7528\u7684\u7b2c\u4e09\u4f4d\u88c1\u5224\uff1a\u201c\u5728\u6211\u5224\u5b9a\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u4ec0\u4e48\u90fd\u4e0d\u662f\u3002\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      \u533a\u522b\u4e00\uff1a\u5173\u6ce8\u201c\u5b8f\u89c2\u7ed3\u6784\u201dvs. \u201c\u5fae\u89c2\u8fc7\u7a0b\u201d<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

      \u793e\u4f1a\u5efa\u6784\u8bba\uff08\u5b8f\u89c2\u503e\u5411\uff09\uff1a\u66f4\u5173\u6ce8\u73b0\u5b9e\u5982\u4f55\u88ab\u5236\u5ea6\u5316\uff08Institutionalized\uff09\u3002\u5b83\u89e3\u91ca\u7684\u662f\uff1a\u4e00\u4e2a\u60f3\u6cd5\u5982\u4f55\u53d8\u6210\u4e00\u5957\u6240\u6709\u4eba\u5fc5\u987b\u9075\u5b88\u7684\u6cd5\u5f8b\u3001\u9053\u5fb7\u6216\u793e\u4f1a\u5e38\u89c4\uff08\u4ece\u4e3b\u89c2\u5230\u5ba2\u89c2\u5316\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff09\u3002Weick\uff08\u5fae\u89c2\u503e\u5411\uff09\uff1a\u66f4\u5173\u6ce8\u7ec4\u7ec7\u5316\uff08Organizing\uff09\u7684\u52a8\u6001\u77ac\u95f4\u3002\u4ed6\u5173\u5fc3\u7684\u4e0d\u662f\u201c\u5236\u5ea6\u201d\u672c\u8eab\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u4eba\u4eec\u5728\u6df7\u4e71\u4e2d\uff08\u5982\u8d77\u96fe\u7684\u7403\u573a\u3001\u6124\u6012\u7684\u4eba\u7fa4\uff09\u5982\u4f55\u901a\u8fc7\u5b9e\u65f6\u7684\u5bf9\u8bdd\u548c\u4e92\u52a8\uff0c\u5728\u5f53\u4e0b\u62fc\u51d1\u51fa\u610f\u4e49\u3002\u4ed6\u770b\u91cd\u7684\u662f\u8fc7\u7a0b\u7684\u6d41\u52a8\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      \u533a\u522b\u4e8c\uff1a\u8ba4\u77e5\u4f18\u5148 vs. \u884c\u52a8\u4f18\u5148<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

      \u793e\u4f1a\u5efa\u6784\u8bba\uff1a\u5f80\u5f80\u5f3a\u8c03\u201c\u5148\u6709\u5171\u4eab\u7684\u6587\u5316\/\u610f\u4e49\uff0c\u518d\u6709\u793e\u4f1a\u884c\u4e3a\u201d\u3002\u5373\u4eba\u4eec\u5148\u4e60\u5f97\u4e86\u793e\u4f1a\u89c4\u5219\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u6309\u7167\u89c4\u5219\u884c\u4e8b\u3002Weick\uff1a\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u8457\u540d\u7684\u201c\u56de\u987e\u5f0f\u610f\u4e49\u6784\u5efa\u201d\u3002\u4ed6\u8ba4\u4e3a\u5728\u7ec4\u7ec7\u4e2d\uff0c\u884c\u52a8\u5f80\u5f80\u5728\u7406\u89e3\u4e4b\u524d\u3002Weick \u7684\u903b\u8f91\uff1a\u201c\u6211\u8fd8\u6ca1\u770b\u5230\u6211\u8bf4\u4e86\u4ec0\u4e48\/\u505a\u4e86\u4ec0\u4e48\uff0c\u6211\u600e\u4e48\u77e5\u9053\u6211\u600e\u4e48\u60f3\u7684\uff1f\u201d\u4ed6\u8ba4\u4e3a\u4eba\u4eec\u5148\u5728\u5927\u96fe\u4e2d\u6ed1\u884c\uff08\u884c\u52a8\uff09\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u56de\u5934\u770b\uff08\u56de\u987e\uff09\uff0c\u624d\u901a\u8fc7\u5171\u8bc6\u9a8c\u8bc1\u8bf4\uff1a\u201c\u54e6\uff0c\u539f\u6765\u6211\u4eec\u662f\u5728\u6253\u4e00\u573a\u4f1f\u5927\u7684\u603b\u51b3\u8d5b\u3002\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      \u533a\u522b\u4e09\uff1a\u5173\u4e8e\u201c\u6b67\u4e49\u6027\uff08Equivocality\uff09\u201d\u7684\u5904\u7406<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

      \u793e\u4f1a\u5efa\u6784\u8bba\uff1a\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u662f\u793e\u4f1a\u5982\u4f55\u8fbe\u6210\u4e00\u81f4\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u6d88\u9664\u6df7\u4e71\u3002Weick\uff1a\u5f15\u5165\u4e86\u4fe1\u606f\u8bba\u3002\u4ed6\u8ba4\u4e3a\u7ec4\u7ec7\u5316\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u52a8\u529b\u662f\u201c\u51cf\u5c11\u6b67\u4e49\u201d\u3002\u4ed6\u628a\u793e\u4f1a\u5efa\u6784\u770b\u4f5c\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u201c\u4fe1\u606f\u5904\u7406\u673a\u201d\uff1a\u4eba\u4eec\u8f93\u5165\u6df7\u4e71\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u201c\u8bed\u6cd5\uff08\u7ec4\u7ec7\u89c4\u5219\uff09\u201d\u8fdb\u884c\u7b5b\u9009\uff0c\u6700\u540e\u4ea7\u51fa\u7a33\u5b9a\u7684\u610f\u4e49\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      \u603b\u7ed3\u5bf9\u6bd4\u8868<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

      \u7ef4\u5ea6<\/td>\u793e\u4f1a\u5efa\u6784\u8bba (Berger & Luckmann)<\/td>Weick \u7684\u7ec4\u7ec7\u5316\u7406\u8bba<\/td><\/tr>
      \u7814\u7a76\u5bf9\u8c61<\/td>\u793e\u4f1a\u73b0\u5b9e\u7684\u8d77\u6e90\u4e0e\u5236\u5ea6\u5316<\/td>\u52a8\u6001\u7684\u7ec4\u7ec7\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff08\u610f\u4e49\u6784\u5efa\uff09<\/td><\/tr>
      \u6838\u5fc3\u673a\u5236<\/td>\u5916\u5316\u3001\u5ba2\u89c2\u5316\u3001\u5185\u5316<\/td>\u5165\u6cd5\u3001\u9009\u62e9\u3001\u4fdd\u7559 (E-S-R)<\/td><\/tr>
      \u884c\u52a8\u903b\u8f91<\/td>\u89c4\u5219\u5f15\u5bfc\u884c\u52a8<\/td>\u884c\u52a8\u521b\u9020\u610f\u4e49\uff08\u56de\u987e\u5f0f\uff09<\/td><\/tr>
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      \uff08\u4e0b\u4e00\u671f\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u7ee7\u7eed\u5b66\u4e60\uff09<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

      \u63a5\u4e0a\u671f\uff1a\u300a\u7ec4\u7ec7\u793e\u4f1a\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u300b\u5b66\u4e60\u7b14\u8bb0 003 \u539f\u6587\uff1aThe important issues of consen … <\/p>\n

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