![\"\"](\"https:\/\/mooda.com.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/image-1-692x1024.png\")
<\/figure><\/div>\n\n![\"\"](\"https:\/\/mooda.com.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/image-2-706x1024.png\")
<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\u5361\u5c14\u00b7\u4f0a\u66fc\u7ebd\u5c14\u00b7\u97e6\u514b<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Karl Emmanuel Weick<\/p>\n\n\n\n
1. An Introduction to Organizing<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n\u7b2c\u4e00\u7ae0\u3000\u7ec4\u7ec7\u5316\u4ecb\u7ecd<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n\u539f\u6587\uff1aThis book is about organizational appreciation. To understand organizing is to appreciate events such as these:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\uff1a\u672c\u4e66\u63a2\u8ba8\u7684\u662f\u5bf9\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7684\u611f\u609f\u4e0e\u9886\u4f1a\uff08Organizational appreciation\uff09\u3002\u8981\u7406\u89e3”\u7ec4\u7ec7\u5316”\uff08Organizing\uff09\uff0c\u5c31\u5fc5\u987b\u5b66\u4f1a\u53bb\u4f53\u609f\u548c\u9274\u8d4f\u8bf8\u5982\u6b64\u7c7b\u7684\u4e8b\u4ef6\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\ud83d\udccc \u5b66\u4e60\u7b14\u8bb0<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\uff0cWeick \u4f7f\u7528 Appreciation\uff08\u901a\u5e38\u8bd1\u4e3a\u6b23\u8d4f\u3001\u9274\u8d4f\u3001\u611f\u609f\uff09\u5177\u6709\u6df1\u5c42\u7684\u542b\u4e49\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\n- \u975e\u5de5\u5177\u6027\u7406\u89e3\uff1a\u4e0d\u4ec5\u662f\u8ba9\u4f60\u53bb”\u5206\u6790”\u7ec4\u7ec7\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u50cf\u6b23\u8d4f\u827a\u672f\u54c1\u6216\u8046\u542c\u4ea4\u54cd\u4e50\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u53bb\u611f\u53d7\u7ec4\u7ec7\u4e2d\u90a3\u4e9b\u5fae\u5999\u7684\u3001\u52a8\u6001\u7684\u3001\u6709\u65f6\u751a\u81f3\u662f\u8352\u8bde\u7684\u4e92\u52a8\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n
- \u627f\u8ba4\u590d\u6742\u6027\uff1aAppreciation \u610f\u5473\u7740\u9700\u8981\u5177\u5907\u4e00\u79cd\u654f\u9510\u5ea6\uff0c\u53bb\u6d1e\u5bdf\u4eba\u4eec\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u5728\u6df7\u4e71\u4e2d\u786c\u751f\u751f”\u62fc\u51d1”\u51fa\u79e9\u5e8f\u7684\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n
- \u81f4\u656cGeoffrey Vickers\uff1aVickers \u6b63\u662f\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86”Appreciative System”\uff08\u9886\u4f1a\u7cfb\u7edf\uff09\u8fd9\u4e00\u6982\u5ff5\u7684\u4eba\u3002\u4ed6\u8ba4\u4e3a\u7ba1\u7406\u8005\u4e0d\u53ea\u662f\u5728\u505a\u51b3\u5b9a\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u5728\u4e0d\u65ad\u901a\u8fc7\u611f\u609f\u6765\u91cd\u6784\u4ed6\u4eec\u773c\u4e2d\u7684\u73b0\u5b9e\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n
- \u6ce8\u610f Weick \u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u662f Organizing \u8fd9\u4e2a\u52a8\u540d\u8bcd\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f Organization\uff0c\u4ee3\u8868\u8fd9\u5c06\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u52a8\u6001\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u89c6\u89d2\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n\u539f\u6587\uff1aA professor, named Alex Bavelas, often plays golf with other professors. “Once, he took the foursome down to the golf course, and they were going to draw straws for partners. He said, ‘Lets do this after the game'” (Brand 1975, p. 47)<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\uff1a\u6709\u4e00\u4f4d\u540d\u53eb\u4e9a\u5386\u514b\u65af\u00b7\u5df4\u7ef4\u62c9\u65af\uff08Alex Bavelas\uff09\u7684\u6559\u6388\uff0c\u7ecf\u5e38\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u6559\u6388\u4e00\u8d77\u6253\u9ad8\u5c14\u592b\u7403\u3002”\u6709\u4e00\u6b21\uff0c\u4ed6\u5e26\u7740\u53e6\u5916\u4e09\u4e2a\u4eba\u6765\u5230\u7403\u573a\uff0c\u5927\u5bb6\u6b63\u51c6\u5907\u62bd\u7b7e\u51b3\u5b9a\u8c01\u548c\u8c01\u7ec4\u961f\u3002\u4ed6\u5374\u63d0\u8bae\u8bf4\uff1a\u54b1\u4eec\u6253\u5b8c\u7403\u518d\u6765\u62bd\u7b7e\u5427\u3002”\uff08\u5e03\u5170\u5fb7 1975\uff0c\u7b2c 47 \u9875\uff09<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\ud83d\udccc \u5b66\u4e60\u7b14\u8bb0<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6848\u4f8b\u5b8c\u7f8e\u4f53\u73b0\u4e86 Weick \u7406\u8bba\u4e2d\u7684”\u56de\u987e\u5f0f\u610f\u4e49\u5efa\u6784”\uff08Retrospective Sensemaking\uff09\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\n- \u56e0\u679c\u5012\u7f6e\uff1a\u6309\u7167\u5e38\u89c4\u903b\u8f91\uff08\u5373 Hunt \u7684\u7ec4\u7ec7\u5b9a\u4e49\uff09\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5e94\u8be5\u5148\u6709\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7ed3\u6784\uff08\u5206\u597d\u7ec4\uff09\uff0c\u518d\u8fdb\u884c\u6d3b\u52a8\uff08\u6253\u7403\uff09\u3002\u4f46\u5df4\u7ef4\u62c9\u65af\u5efa\u8bae\u5148\u884c\u52a8\uff0c\u4e8b\u540e\u518d\u5b9a\u4e49\u7ed3\u6784\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n
- \u884c\u52a8\u5148\u4e8e\u610f\u56fe\uff1aWeick \u8ba4\u4e3a\u7ec4\u7ec7\u5316\u5f80\u5f80\u662f”\u5148\u505a\u4e86\u518d\u8bf4”\u3002\u6253\u5b8c\u7403\u540e\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u6839\u636e\u8c01\u6253\u5f97\u597d\u3001\u8c01\u66f4\u6709\u9ed8\u5951\u6765”\u62bd\u7b7e”\uff08\u6216\u8005\u8bf4\u91cd\u65b0\u89e3\u91ca\u5206\u7ec4\uff09\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u8ba9\u7ed3\u679c\u663e\u5f97\u66f4\u6709\u610f\u4e49\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n
- \u7ec4\u7ec7\u7684\u6d41\u52a8\u6027\uff1a\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4f8b\u5b50\u6311\u6218\u4e86”\u7ec4\u7ec7\u5fc5\u987b\u6709\u9884\u8bbe\u76ee\u6807\u548c\u7ed3\u6784”\u7684\u4f20\u7edf\u89c2\u5ff5\u3002\u5b83\u6697\u793a\u4e86\u5728\u5f88\u591a\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u7ec4\u7ec7\u5316\u5176\u5b9e\u662f\u6211\u4eec\u5728\u4e8b\u540e\u4e3a\u5df2\u7ecf\u53d1\u751f\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u5bfb\u627e\u7406\u7531\u548c\u903b\u8f91\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n
\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6545\u4e8b\u8ba9\u4eba\u60f3\u8d77\u4e86 Weick \u90a3\u53e5\u540d\u8a00\uff1a”\u6211\u8fd8\u6ca1\u770b\u5230\u6211\u8bf4\u4e86\u4ec0\u4e48\uff0c\u6211\u600e\u4e48\u77e5\u9053\u6211\u600e\u4e48\u60f3\u7684\uff1f”\uff08How can I know what I think until I see what I say?\uff09<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n\u539f\u6587\uff1a”The story goes the three umpires disagreed about the task of calling balls and strikes. The first one said, ‘I calls them as they is.’ The second one said, ‘I calls them as I sees them.’ The third and cleverest umpire said, ‘They ain’t nothin’ till I calls them'” (Simons 1876, p. 29)<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\uff1a”\u6545\u4e8b\u662f\u8fd9\u6837\u8bb2\u7684\uff1a\u4e09\u4f4d\u88c1\u5224\u5728\u5982\u4f55\u5224\u5b9a’\u574f\u7403’\u4e0e’\u597d\u7403’\u7684\u4efb\u52a1\u4e0a\u4ea7\u751f\u4e86\u5206\u6b67\u3002\u7b2c\u4e00\u4f4d\u88c1\u5224\u8bf4\uff1a’\u5b83\u4eec\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\uff0c\u6211\u5c31\u600e\u4e48\u5224\u3002’\u7b2c\u4e8c\u4f4d\u88c1\u5224\u8bf4\uff1a’\u6211\u770b\u5230\u5b83\u4eec\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\uff0c\u5c31\u600e\u4e48\u5224\u3002’\u7b2c\u4e09\u4f4d\u4e5f\u662f\u6700\u806a\u660e\u7684\u90a3\u4f4d\u88c1\u5224\u5219\u8bf4\uff1a’\u5728\u6211\u5224\u5b9a\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u4ec0\u4e48\u90fd\u4e0d\u662f\u3002'”\uff08\u897f\u8499\u65af 1876\uff0c\u7b2c 29 \u9875\uff09<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\ud83d\udccc \u5b66\u4e60\u7b14\u8bb0<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5bd3\u8a00\u751f\u52a8\u5730\u5c55\u793a\u4e86\u4eba\u7c7b\u611f\u77e5\u73b0\u5b9e\u7684\u4e09\u79cd\u5883\u754c\uff0c\u4e5f\u5bf9\u5e94\u4e86 Weick \u5bf9\u7ec4\u7ec7\u5316\uff08Organizing\uff09\u7684\u6df1\u523b\u89c1\u89e3\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u7b2c\u4e00\u4f4d\u88c1\u5224\uff1a\u5ba2\u89c2\u4e3b\u4e49<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\n- \u4ed6\u8ba4\u4e3a\u73b0\u5b9e\u662f\u5ba2\u89c2\u5b58\u5728\u7684\uff0c\u4e0d\u4ee5\u4eba\u7684\u610f\u5fd7\u4e3a\u8f6c\u79fb\u3002\u8fd9\u5bf9\u5e94\u4e86\u4f20\u7edf\u7684\u7ba1\u7406\u89c2\uff1a\u8ba4\u4e3a\u7ec4\u7ec7\u6709\u7edd\u5bf9\u7684\u5ba2\u89c2\u89c4\u5f8b\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n
\u7b2c\u4e8c\u4f4d\u88c1\u5224\uff1a\u89e3\u91ca\u5b66\uff0f\u4e3b\u89c2\u4e3b\u4e49<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\n- \u4ed6\u627f\u8ba4\u4e86\u611f\u77e5\u7684\u5c40\u9650\u6027\u2014\u2014\u73b0\u5b9e\u7ecf\u8fc7\u4e86”\u6211”\u7684\u89c2\u5bdf\u3002\u8fd9\u5bf9\u5e94\u4e86”\u5171\u8bc6\u9a8c\u8bc1”\uff0c\u5373\u6211\u4eec\u770b\u5230\u7684\u73b0\u5b9e\u662f\u7ecf\u8fc7\u8fc7\u6ee4\u7684\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n
\u7b2c\u4e09\u4f4d\u88c1\u5224\uff1a\u5efa\u6784\u4e3b\u4e49\u2014\u2014Weick \u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u89c2\u70b9<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\n- Weick \u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u5728\u7ec4\u7ec7\u4e2d\uff0c”\u5224\u5b9a”\u8fd9\u4e2a\u52a8\u4f5c\u672c\u8eab\u521b\u9020\u4e86\u73b0\u5b9e\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n
\n- \u4f8b\u5b50\uff1a\u4e00\u4e2a\u9879\u76ee\u662f”\u6210\u529f”\u8fd8\u662f”\u5931\u8d25”\uff1f\u5728\u9886\u5bfc\u4e0b\u5b9a\u8bba\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u5b83\u53ea\u662f\u4e00\u5806\u6df7\u4e71\u7684\u6570\u636e\u3002\u53ea\u6709\u5f53\u7ec4\u7ec7\u901a\u8fc7\u6743\u529b\u6216\u5171\u8bc6\u7ed9\u5b83\u8d34\u4e0a\u6807\u7b7e\u65f6\uff0c\u5b83\u624d\u5728\u7ec4\u7ec7\u73b0\u5b9e\u4e2d\u771f\u6b63”\u5b58\u5728”\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n
Weick \u501f\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6545\u4e8b\u544a\u8bc9\u6211\u4eec\uff1a\u7ec4\u7ec7\u6210\u5458\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u5728”\u53d1\u73b0”\u4e00\u4e2a\u9884\u5148\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u73af\u5883\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u5728\u901a\u8fc7\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u8bed\u8a00\u3001\u5224\u5b9a\u548c\u884c\u52a8”\u53d1\u660e”\u548c”\u6784\u5efa”\u73af\u5883\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u5c31\u50cf\u90a3\u4e2a\u5728\u9ad8\u5c14\u592b\u7403\u8d5b\u540e\u624d\u62bd\u7b7e\u7684\u6559\u6388\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u90a3\u4e2a\u5728\u5927\u96fe\u4e2d\u5f3a\u884c\u5224\u5b9a\u8fdb\u7403\u7684\u88c1\u5224\u2014\u2014\u76f4\u5230\u4f60\u7ed9\u6df7\u4e71\u7684\u73b0\u5b9e\u5b9a\u6027\uff0c\u73b0\u5b9e\u624d\u5177\u6709\u610f\u4e49\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n\u539f\u6587\uff1a”A police officer with a special ability to resolving sticky situations in unusual ways, often involving a disarming use of humor, was in the process of issuing a citation for a minor traffic violation when a hostile crowd began to gather around him. By the time he had given the offender his ticket, the mood of the crowd was ugly and the sergeant was not certain he would be able to get back to the relative safety of his patrol car. It then occurred to him to announce in a loud voice: ‘You have just witnessed the issuance of a traffic ticket by a member of your Oakland Police Department.’ And while the bystanders were busy trying to fathom the deeper meaning of this all too obvious communique, he got into his cruiser and drove off” (Watzlawick, Weakland, and Fitch 1974, pp. 108\u20139)<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\uff1a\u6709\u4e00\u4f4d\u8b66\u5b98\u62e5\u6709\u4e00\u79cd\u7279\u6b8a\u80fd\u529b\uff0c\u64c5\u957f\u4ee5\u4e0d\u540c\u5bfb\u5e38\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u89e3\u51b3\u68d8\u624b\u5c40\u9762\uff0c\u4e14\u5f80\u5f80\u80fd\u5de7\u5999\u5730\u8fd0\u7528\u5e7d\u9ed8\u611f\u8ba9\u4eba\u5378\u4e0b\u9632\u5907\u3002\u4e00\u6b21\uff0c\u4ed6\u6b63\u5728\u4e3a\u4e00\u8d77\u8f7b\u5fae\u7684\u4ea4\u901a\u8fdd\u7ae0\u5f00\u5177\u4f20\u7968\uff0c\u5468\u56f4\u5374\u5f00\u59cb\u805a\u96c6\u8d77\u4e00\u7fa4\u5145\u6ee1\u654c\u610f\u7684\u6c11\u4f17\u3002\u7b49\u5230\u4ed6\u628a\u7f5a\u5355\u4ea4\u7ed9\u8fdd\u7ae0\u8005\u65f6\uff0c\u4eba\u7fa4\u7684\u60c5\u7eea\u5df2\u7ecf\u53d8\u5f97\u6781\u5176\u6076\u52a3\uff0c\u8fd9\u4f4d\u8b66\u5b98\u751a\u81f3\u4e0d\u6562\u786e\u5b9a\u81ea\u5df1\u662f\u5426\u8fd8\u80fd\u5b89\u5168\u56de\u5230\u5de1\u903b\u8f66\u4e0a\u3002\u5c31\u5728\u8fd9\u65f6\uff0c\u4ed6\u7075\u673a\u4e00\u52a8\uff0c\u5927\u58f0\u5ba3\u5e03\u9053\uff1a”\u5404\u4f4d\uff0c\u4f60\u4eec\u521a\u521a\u4eb2\u773c\u76ee\u7779\u4e86\u5965\u514b\u5170\u8b66\u5bdf\u5c40\u7684\u4e00\u540d\u8b66\u5458\u5b8c\u6210\u4e86\u4e00\u6b21\u4ea4\u901a\u7f5a\u5355\u7684\u5f00\u5177\u7a0b\u5e8f\u3002”\u8d81\u7740\u56f4\u89c2\u7fa4\u4f17\u8fd8\u5728\u5fd9\u4e8e\u7422\u78e8\u8fd9\u6bb5\u518d\u660e\u663e\u4e0d\u8fc7\u7684\u901a\u544a\u80cc\u540e\u5230\u5e95\u6709\u4ec0\u4e48\u6df1\u610f\u65f6\uff0c\u4ed6\u5df2\u94bb\u8fdb\u5de1\u903b\u8f66\u626c\u957f\u800c\u53bb\u3002\uff08\u74e6\u8328\u62c9\u7ef4\u514b\u3001\u5a01\u514b\u5170\u5fb7\u53ca\u83f2\u5947\uff0c1974\uff0c\u7b2c 108\u2013109 \u9875\uff09<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\ud83d\udccc \u5b66\u4e60\u7b14\u8bb0<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6848\u4f8b\u4e0e”\u4e09\u4f4d\u88c1\u5224”\u548c”\u9ad8\u5c14\u592b\u7403\u62bd\u7b7e”\u6709\u7740\u7d27\u5bc6\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u8054\u7cfb\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\n- \u5e72\u6270”\u6b67\u4e49\u6027”\u7684\u89e3\u91ca\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff1a\u901a\u5e38\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u4eba\u7fa4\u5bf9”\u8b66\u5bdf\u5f00\u7f5a\u5355”\u7684\u89e3\u8bfb\u662f”\u538b\u8feb”\u6216”\u654c\u5bf9\u884c\u52a8”\u3002\u8b66\u5b98\u5927\u58f0\u5ba3\u5e03\u90a3\u4e2a\u663e\u800c\u6613\u89c1\u7684\u4e8b\u5b9e\uff0c\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u662f\u5728\u5f3a\u884c\u63d2\u5165\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u7684”\u8bed\u6cd5”\u3002\u7fa4\u4f17\u7684\u5927\u8111\u5728”\u6124\u6012”\u548c”\u8ff7\u60d1”\u4e4b\u95f4\u5361\u4f4f\u4e86\u2014\u2014\u4ed6\u4eec\u8bd5\u56fe\u5bfb\u627e\u90a3\u53e5\u8bdd\u7684”\u6df1\u5c42\u610f\u4e49”\uff0c\u800c\u8fd9\u79cd\u8ba4\u77e5\u8d1f\u8377\u77ac\u95f4\u4e2d\u65ad\u4e86\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u653b\u51fb\u6027\u884c\u4e3a\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n
- \u521b\u9020\u4e00\u79cd\u65b0\u7684”\u73b0\u5b9e”\uff1a\u6b63\u5982\u7b2c\u4e09\u4f4d\u88c1\u5224\u8bf4”\u5224\u4e86\u624d\u7b97\u6570”\uff0c\u8fd9\u4f4d\u8b66\u5b98\u901a\u8fc7\u5ba3\u544a\uff0c\u5c06\u4e00\u4e2a\u7d27\u5f20\u7684\u5bf9\u6297\u51b2\u7a81\u77ac\u95f4\u91cd\u65b0\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e3a\u4e00\u6b21\u516c\u5f00\u7684\u7a0b\u5e8f\u6f14\u793a\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n
- \u884c\u52a8\u7684\u8282\u594f\uff1a\u7ec4\u7ec7\u5316\uff08Organizing\uff09\u9700\u8981\u65f6\u95f4\u3002\u8b66\u5b98\u5229\u7528\u4e86\u4eba\u4eec”\u8d4b\u4e88\u610f\u4e49”\uff08Sensemaking\uff09\u6240\u9700\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u5dee\uff0c\u5728\u5171\u8bc6\u8fbe\u6210\u4e4b\u524d\u5c31\u5b8c\u6210\u4e86\u64a4\u79bb\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n
\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6848\u4f8b\u6458\u81ea\u74e6\u8328\u62c9\u7ef4\u514b\u7684\u7ecf\u5178\u8457\u4f5c\u300a\u53d8\u9769\u300b\uff08Change\uff09\uff0cWeick \u501f\u6b64\u8bf4\u660e\uff1a\u7ec4\u7ec7\u5316\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u6280\u80fd\u4e4b\u4e00\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u80fd\u591f\u6253\u7834\u65e7\u7684\u89e3\u91ca\u6846\u67b6\uff0c\u5e76\u8fc5\u901f\u5efa\u7acb\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u7684\u6846\u67b6\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n\u539f\u6587\uff1aIn 1938 the Ford Motor Car Co. tried to reach a new group of customers by introducing a car that was smaller than their V8 in size and power. After several years of development they produced a car (dubbed 92A) that was narrower, shorter, and 600 pounds lighter than the regular Ford. However. The small motor cost only $3 less to manufacture and the entire car could be built for only $36 less than the big car. By mid-April the project was abandoned, signifying that the company would not expand the range of its models downward( Nevins and Hill 1963, p. 118)<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\uff1a”1938 \u5e74\uff0c\u798f\u7279\u6c7d\u8f66\u516c\u53f8\u8bd5\u56fe\u901a\u8fc7\u63a8\u51fa\u4e00\u6b3e\u6bd4\u5176 V8 \u7cfb\u5217\u5c3a\u5bf8\u66f4\u5c0f\u3001\u52a8\u529b\u66f4\u5f31\u7684\u8f66\u578b\u6765\u5438\u5f15\u65b0\u7684\u5ba2\u6237\u7fa4\u3002\u7ecf\u8fc7\u51e0\u5e74\u7684\u7814\u53d1\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u751f\u4ea7\u51fa\u4e86\u4e00\u6b3e\uff08\u4ee3\u53f7\u4e3a 92A\uff09\u6bd4\u5e38\u89c4\u798f\u7279\u8f66\u66f4\u7a84\u3001\u66f4\u77ed\u4e14\u8f7b\u4e86 600 \u78c5\u7684\u6c7d\u8f66\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u8fd9\u6b3e\u5c0f\u578b\u53d1\u52a8\u673a\u7684\u5236\u9020\u6210\u672c\u4ec5\u964d\u4f4e\u4e86 3 \u7f8e\u5143\uff0c\u6574\u8f66\u6210\u672c\u4e5f\u4ec5\u6bd4\u5927\u8f66\u4fbf\u5b9c 36 \u7f8e\u5143\u3002\u5230\u4e86 4 \u6708\u4e2d\u65ec\uff0c\u8be5\u9879\u76ee\u88ab\u653e\u5f03\uff0c\u8fd9\u6807\u5fd7\u7740\u516c\u53f8\u5c06\u4e0d\u4f1a\u5411\u4f4e\u7aef\u5e02\u573a\u6269\u5c55\u5176\u8f66\u578b\u7cfb\u5217\u3002”\uff08\u5185\u6587\u65af\u548c\u5e0c\u5c14 1963\uff0c\u7b2c 118 \u9875\uff09<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\ud83d\udccc \u5b66\u4e60\u7b14\u8bb0<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u5f15\u7528\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6848\u4f8b\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u63a2\u8ba8\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7684\u9009\u62e9\u4e0e\u4fdd\u7559\uff08Selection and Retention\uff09\u673a\u5236\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\n- \u884c\u52a8\u5148\u4e8e\u7406\u89e3\uff1a\u798f\u7279\u516c\u53f8\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u5148\u7b97\u597d\u4e86\u8d26\u624d\u51b3\u5b9a”\u4e0d\u5411\u4f4e\u7aef\u6269\u5f20”\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u5148\u6295\u5165\u4e86\u51e0\u5e74\u7684\u7814\u53d1\uff08Action\uff09\uff0c\u5728\u5236\u9020\u51fa\u6837\u8f66\u5e76\u9762\u5bf9”\u4ec5\u7701\u4e0b 36 \u7f8e\u5143”\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6b8b\u9177\u4e8b\u5b9e\u540e\uff0c\u624d\u901a\u8fc7”\u653e\u5f03\u9879\u76ee”\u8fd9\u4e00\u51b3\u5b9a\uff0c\u56de\u6eaf\u6027\u5730\uff08Retrospectively\uff09\u4e3a\u516c\u53f8\u5212\u5b9a\u4e86\u6218\u7565\u8fb9\u754c\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n
- \u5b9a\u4e49\u7684\u6743\u529b\uff1a\u6b63\u5982\u7b2c\u4e09\u4f4d\u88c1\u5224\u8bf4”\u5224\u4e86\u624d\u7b97\u6570”\uff0c\u8fd9 36 \u7f8e\u5143\u7684\u5dee\u4ef7\u5728\u7ec4\u7ec7\u5185\u90e8\u88ab”\u5224\u5b9a”\u4e3a\u5931\u8d25\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5224\u5b9a\u4e0d\u4ec5\u7ed3\u675f\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u8f66\u578b\uff0c\u66f4\u5728\u6240\u6709\u5458\u5de5\u5fc3\u4e2d\u5efa\u7acb\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u5171\u8bc6\uff1a”\u798f\u7279\u4e0d\u505a\u4f4e\u7aef\u5c0f\u8f66”\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u5171\u8bc6\u9a8c\u8bc1\uff08Consensual Validation\uff09\u6784\u6210\u4e86\u798f\u7279\u516c\u53f8\u5f53\u65f6\u7684”\u7ec4\u7ec7\u73b0\u5b9e”\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n
- \u51cf\u5c11\u6b67\u4e49\u6027\uff1a”\u516c\u53f8\u8981\u4e0d\u8981\u505a\u5c0f\u8f66\uff1f”\u539f\u672c\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5145\u6ee1\u6b67\u4e49\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u8fd9\u6b21\u5931\u8d25\u7684\u5c1d\u8bd5\uff0c\u6b67\u4e49\u88ab\u6d88\u9664\u4e86\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n
\u2014\u2014 \u672a\u5b8c\u5f85\u7eed \u2014\u2014<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
The Social Psychology of Organizing \u7ec4\u7ec7\u793e\u4f1a\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66 Second Edit … <\/p>\n
\u539f\u6587\uff1aThis book is about organizational appreciation. To understand organizing is to appreciate events such as these:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\uff1a\u672c\u4e66\u63a2\u8ba8\u7684\u662f\u5bf9\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7684\u611f\u609f\u4e0e\u9886\u4f1a\uff08Organizational appreciation\uff09\u3002\u8981\u7406\u89e3”\u7ec4\u7ec7\u5316”\uff08Organizing\uff09\uff0c\u5c31\u5fc5\u987b\u5b66\u4f1a\u53bb\u4f53\u609f\u548c\u9274\u8d4f\u8bf8\u5982\u6b64\u7c7b\u7684\u4e8b\u4ef6\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\ud83d\udccc \u5b66\u4e60\u7b14\u8bb0<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\uff0cWeick \u4f7f\u7528 Appreciation\uff08\u901a\u5e38\u8bd1\u4e3a\u6b23\u8d4f\u3001\u9274\u8d4f\u3001\u611f\u609f\uff09\u5177\u6709\u6df1\u5c42\u7684\u542b\u4e49\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n
- \n
- \u975e\u5de5\u5177\u6027\u7406\u89e3\uff1a\u4e0d\u4ec5\u662f\u8ba9\u4f60\u53bb”\u5206\u6790”\u7ec4\u7ec7\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u50cf\u6b23\u8d4f\u827a\u672f\u54c1\u6216\u8046\u542c\u4ea4\u54cd\u4e50\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u53bb\u611f\u53d7\u7ec4\u7ec7\u4e2d\u90a3\u4e9b\u5fae\u5999\u7684\u3001\u52a8\u6001\u7684\u3001\u6709\u65f6\u751a\u81f3\u662f\u8352\u8bde\u7684\u4e92\u52a8\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n
- \u627f\u8ba4\u590d\u6742\u6027\uff1aAppreciation \u610f\u5473\u7740\u9700\u8981\u5177\u5907\u4e00\u79cd\u654f\u9510\u5ea6\uff0c\u53bb\u6d1e\u5bdf\u4eba\u4eec\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u5728\u6df7\u4e71\u4e2d\u786c\u751f\u751f”\u62fc\u51d1”\u51fa\u79e9\u5e8f\u7684\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n
- \u81f4\u656cGeoffrey Vickers\uff1aVickers \u6b63\u662f\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86”Appreciative System”\uff08\u9886\u4f1a\u7cfb\u7edf\uff09\u8fd9\u4e00\u6982\u5ff5\u7684\u4eba\u3002\u4ed6\u8ba4\u4e3a\u7ba1\u7406\u8005\u4e0d\u53ea\u662f\u5728\u505a\u51b3\u5b9a\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u5728\u4e0d\u65ad\u901a\u8fc7\u611f\u609f\u6765\u91cd\u6784\u4ed6\u4eec\u773c\u4e2d\u7684\u73b0\u5b9e\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n
- \u6ce8\u610f Weick \u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u662f Organizing \u8fd9\u4e2a\u52a8\u540d\u8bcd\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f Organization\uff0c\u4ee3\u8868\u8fd9\u5c06\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u52a8\u6001\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u89c6\u89d2\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n\u539f\u6587\uff1aA professor, named Alex Bavelas, often plays golf with other professors. “Once, he took the foursome down to the golf course, and they were going to draw straws for partners. He said, ‘Lets do this after the game'” (Brand 1975, p. 47)<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\uff1a\u6709\u4e00\u4f4d\u540d\u53eb\u4e9a\u5386\u514b\u65af\u00b7\u5df4\u7ef4\u62c9\u65af\uff08Alex Bavelas\uff09\u7684\u6559\u6388\uff0c\u7ecf\u5e38\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u6559\u6388\u4e00\u8d77\u6253\u9ad8\u5c14\u592b\u7403\u3002”\u6709\u4e00\u6b21\uff0c\u4ed6\u5e26\u7740\u53e6\u5916\u4e09\u4e2a\u4eba\u6765\u5230\u7403\u573a\uff0c\u5927\u5bb6\u6b63\u51c6\u5907\u62bd\u7b7e\u51b3\u5b9a\u8c01\u548c\u8c01\u7ec4\u961f\u3002\u4ed6\u5374\u63d0\u8bae\u8bf4\uff1a\u54b1\u4eec\u6253\u5b8c\u7403\u518d\u6765\u62bd\u7b7e\u5427\u3002”\uff08\u5e03\u5170\u5fb7 1975\uff0c\u7b2c 47 \u9875\uff09<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\ud83d\udccc \u5b66\u4e60\u7b14\u8bb0<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6848\u4f8b\u5b8c\u7f8e\u4f53\u73b0\u4e86 Weick \u7406\u8bba\u4e2d\u7684”\u56de\u987e\u5f0f\u610f\u4e49\u5efa\u6784”\uff08Retrospective Sensemaking\uff09\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n
- \n
- \u56e0\u679c\u5012\u7f6e\uff1a\u6309\u7167\u5e38\u89c4\u903b\u8f91\uff08\u5373 Hunt \u7684\u7ec4\u7ec7\u5b9a\u4e49\uff09\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5e94\u8be5\u5148\u6709\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7ed3\u6784\uff08\u5206\u597d\u7ec4\uff09\uff0c\u518d\u8fdb\u884c\u6d3b\u52a8\uff08\u6253\u7403\uff09\u3002\u4f46\u5df4\u7ef4\u62c9\u65af\u5efa\u8bae\u5148\u884c\u52a8\uff0c\u4e8b\u540e\u518d\u5b9a\u4e49\u7ed3\u6784\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n
- \u884c\u52a8\u5148\u4e8e\u610f\u56fe\uff1aWeick \u8ba4\u4e3a\u7ec4\u7ec7\u5316\u5f80\u5f80\u662f”\u5148\u505a\u4e86\u518d\u8bf4”\u3002\u6253\u5b8c\u7403\u540e\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u6839\u636e\u8c01\u6253\u5f97\u597d\u3001\u8c01\u66f4\u6709\u9ed8\u5951\u6765”\u62bd\u7b7e”\uff08\u6216\u8005\u8bf4\u91cd\u65b0\u89e3\u91ca\u5206\u7ec4\uff09\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u8ba9\u7ed3\u679c\u663e\u5f97\u66f4\u6709\u610f\u4e49\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n
- \u7ec4\u7ec7\u7684\u6d41\u52a8\u6027\uff1a\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4f8b\u5b50\u6311\u6218\u4e86”\u7ec4\u7ec7\u5fc5\u987b\u6709\u9884\u8bbe\u76ee\u6807\u548c\u7ed3\u6784”\u7684\u4f20\u7edf\u89c2\u5ff5\u3002\u5b83\u6697\u793a\u4e86\u5728\u5f88\u591a\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u7ec4\u7ec7\u5316\u5176\u5b9e\u662f\u6211\u4eec\u5728\u4e8b\u540e\u4e3a\u5df2\u7ecf\u53d1\u751f\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u5bfb\u627e\u7406\u7531\u548c\u903b\u8f91\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n
\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6545\u4e8b\u8ba9\u4eba\u60f3\u8d77\u4e86 Weick \u90a3\u53e5\u540d\u8a00\uff1a”\u6211\u8fd8\u6ca1\u770b\u5230\u6211\u8bf4\u4e86\u4ec0\u4e48\uff0c\u6211\u600e\u4e48\u77e5\u9053\u6211\u600e\u4e48\u60f3\u7684\uff1f”\uff08How can I know what I think until I see what I say?\uff09<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n\u539f\u6587\uff1a”The story goes the three umpires disagreed about the task of calling balls and strikes. The first one said, ‘I calls them as they is.’ The second one said, ‘I calls them as I sees them.’ The third and cleverest umpire said, ‘They ain’t nothin’ till I calls them'” (Simons 1876, p. 29)<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\uff1a”\u6545\u4e8b\u662f\u8fd9\u6837\u8bb2\u7684\uff1a\u4e09\u4f4d\u88c1\u5224\u5728\u5982\u4f55\u5224\u5b9a’\u574f\u7403’\u4e0e’\u597d\u7403’\u7684\u4efb\u52a1\u4e0a\u4ea7\u751f\u4e86\u5206\u6b67\u3002\u7b2c\u4e00\u4f4d\u88c1\u5224\u8bf4\uff1a’\u5b83\u4eec\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\uff0c\u6211\u5c31\u600e\u4e48\u5224\u3002’\u7b2c\u4e8c\u4f4d\u88c1\u5224\u8bf4\uff1a’\u6211\u770b\u5230\u5b83\u4eec\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\uff0c\u5c31\u600e\u4e48\u5224\u3002’\u7b2c\u4e09\u4f4d\u4e5f\u662f\u6700\u806a\u660e\u7684\u90a3\u4f4d\u88c1\u5224\u5219\u8bf4\uff1a’\u5728\u6211\u5224\u5b9a\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u4ec0\u4e48\u90fd\u4e0d\u662f\u3002'”\uff08\u897f\u8499\u65af 1876\uff0c\u7b2c 29 \u9875\uff09<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\ud83d\udccc \u5b66\u4e60\u7b14\u8bb0<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5bd3\u8a00\u751f\u52a8\u5730\u5c55\u793a\u4e86\u4eba\u7c7b\u611f\u77e5\u73b0\u5b9e\u7684\u4e09\u79cd\u5883\u754c\uff0c\u4e5f\u5bf9\u5e94\u4e86 Weick \u5bf9\u7ec4\u7ec7\u5316\uff08Organizing\uff09\u7684\u6df1\u523b\u89c1\u89e3\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u7b2c\u4e00\u4f4d\u88c1\u5224\uff1a\u5ba2\u89c2\u4e3b\u4e49<\/p>\n\n\n\n
- \n
- \u4ed6\u8ba4\u4e3a\u73b0\u5b9e\u662f\u5ba2\u89c2\u5b58\u5728\u7684\uff0c\u4e0d\u4ee5\u4eba\u7684\u610f\u5fd7\u4e3a\u8f6c\u79fb\u3002\u8fd9\u5bf9\u5e94\u4e86\u4f20\u7edf\u7684\u7ba1\u7406\u89c2\uff1a\u8ba4\u4e3a\u7ec4\u7ec7\u6709\u7edd\u5bf9\u7684\u5ba2\u89c2\u89c4\u5f8b\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n
\u7b2c\u4e8c\u4f4d\u88c1\u5224\uff1a\u89e3\u91ca\u5b66\uff0f\u4e3b\u89c2\u4e3b\u4e49<\/p>\n\n\n\n
- \n
- \u4ed6\u627f\u8ba4\u4e86\u611f\u77e5\u7684\u5c40\u9650\u6027\u2014\u2014\u73b0\u5b9e\u7ecf\u8fc7\u4e86”\u6211”\u7684\u89c2\u5bdf\u3002\u8fd9\u5bf9\u5e94\u4e86”\u5171\u8bc6\u9a8c\u8bc1”\uff0c\u5373\u6211\u4eec\u770b\u5230\u7684\u73b0\u5b9e\u662f\u7ecf\u8fc7\u8fc7\u6ee4\u7684\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n
\u7b2c\u4e09\u4f4d\u88c1\u5224\uff1a\u5efa\u6784\u4e3b\u4e49\u2014\u2014Weick \u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u89c2\u70b9<\/p>\n\n\n\n
- \n
- Weick \u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u5728\u7ec4\u7ec7\u4e2d\uff0c”\u5224\u5b9a”\u8fd9\u4e2a\u52a8\u4f5c\u672c\u8eab\u521b\u9020\u4e86\u73b0\u5b9e\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n
- \n
- \u4f8b\u5b50\uff1a\u4e00\u4e2a\u9879\u76ee\u662f”\u6210\u529f”\u8fd8\u662f”\u5931\u8d25”\uff1f\u5728\u9886\u5bfc\u4e0b\u5b9a\u8bba\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u5b83\u53ea\u662f\u4e00\u5806\u6df7\u4e71\u7684\u6570\u636e\u3002\u53ea\u6709\u5f53\u7ec4\u7ec7\u901a\u8fc7\u6743\u529b\u6216\u5171\u8bc6\u7ed9\u5b83\u8d34\u4e0a\u6807\u7b7e\u65f6\uff0c\u5b83\u624d\u5728\u7ec4\u7ec7\u73b0\u5b9e\u4e2d\u771f\u6b63”\u5b58\u5728”\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n
Weick \u501f\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6545\u4e8b\u544a\u8bc9\u6211\u4eec\uff1a\u7ec4\u7ec7\u6210\u5458\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u5728”\u53d1\u73b0”\u4e00\u4e2a\u9884\u5148\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u73af\u5883\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u5728\u901a\u8fc7\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u8bed\u8a00\u3001\u5224\u5b9a\u548c\u884c\u52a8”\u53d1\u660e”\u548c”\u6784\u5efa”\u73af\u5883\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u5c31\u50cf\u90a3\u4e2a\u5728\u9ad8\u5c14\u592b\u7403\u8d5b\u540e\u624d\u62bd\u7b7e\u7684\u6559\u6388\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u90a3\u4e2a\u5728\u5927\u96fe\u4e2d\u5f3a\u884c\u5224\u5b9a\u8fdb\u7403\u7684\u88c1\u5224\u2014\u2014\u76f4\u5230\u4f60\u7ed9\u6df7\u4e71\u7684\u73b0\u5b9e\u5b9a\u6027\uff0c\u73b0\u5b9e\u624d\u5177\u6709\u610f\u4e49\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n\u539f\u6587\uff1a”A police officer with a special ability to resolving sticky situations in unusual ways, often involving a disarming use of humor, was in the process of issuing a citation for a minor traffic violation when a hostile crowd began to gather around him. By the time he had given the offender his ticket, the mood of the crowd was ugly and the sergeant was not certain he would be able to get back to the relative safety of his patrol car. It then occurred to him to announce in a loud voice: ‘You have just witnessed the issuance of a traffic ticket by a member of your Oakland Police Department.’ And while the bystanders were busy trying to fathom the deeper meaning of this all too obvious communique, he got into his cruiser and drove off” (Watzlawick, Weakland, and Fitch 1974, pp. 108\u20139)<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\uff1a\u6709\u4e00\u4f4d\u8b66\u5b98\u62e5\u6709\u4e00\u79cd\u7279\u6b8a\u80fd\u529b\uff0c\u64c5\u957f\u4ee5\u4e0d\u540c\u5bfb\u5e38\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u89e3\u51b3\u68d8\u624b\u5c40\u9762\uff0c\u4e14\u5f80\u5f80\u80fd\u5de7\u5999\u5730\u8fd0\u7528\u5e7d\u9ed8\u611f\u8ba9\u4eba\u5378\u4e0b\u9632\u5907\u3002\u4e00\u6b21\uff0c\u4ed6\u6b63\u5728\u4e3a\u4e00\u8d77\u8f7b\u5fae\u7684\u4ea4\u901a\u8fdd\u7ae0\u5f00\u5177\u4f20\u7968\uff0c\u5468\u56f4\u5374\u5f00\u59cb\u805a\u96c6\u8d77\u4e00\u7fa4\u5145\u6ee1\u654c\u610f\u7684\u6c11\u4f17\u3002\u7b49\u5230\u4ed6\u628a\u7f5a\u5355\u4ea4\u7ed9\u8fdd\u7ae0\u8005\u65f6\uff0c\u4eba\u7fa4\u7684\u60c5\u7eea\u5df2\u7ecf\u53d8\u5f97\u6781\u5176\u6076\u52a3\uff0c\u8fd9\u4f4d\u8b66\u5b98\u751a\u81f3\u4e0d\u6562\u786e\u5b9a\u81ea\u5df1\u662f\u5426\u8fd8\u80fd\u5b89\u5168\u56de\u5230\u5de1\u903b\u8f66\u4e0a\u3002\u5c31\u5728\u8fd9\u65f6\uff0c\u4ed6\u7075\u673a\u4e00\u52a8\uff0c\u5927\u58f0\u5ba3\u5e03\u9053\uff1a”\u5404\u4f4d\uff0c\u4f60\u4eec\u521a\u521a\u4eb2\u773c\u76ee\u7779\u4e86\u5965\u514b\u5170\u8b66\u5bdf\u5c40\u7684\u4e00\u540d\u8b66\u5458\u5b8c\u6210\u4e86\u4e00\u6b21\u4ea4\u901a\u7f5a\u5355\u7684\u5f00\u5177\u7a0b\u5e8f\u3002”\u8d81\u7740\u56f4\u89c2\u7fa4\u4f17\u8fd8\u5728\u5fd9\u4e8e\u7422\u78e8\u8fd9\u6bb5\u518d\u660e\u663e\u4e0d\u8fc7\u7684\u901a\u544a\u80cc\u540e\u5230\u5e95\u6709\u4ec0\u4e48\u6df1\u610f\u65f6\uff0c\u4ed6\u5df2\u94bb\u8fdb\u5de1\u903b\u8f66\u626c\u957f\u800c\u53bb\u3002\uff08\u74e6\u8328\u62c9\u7ef4\u514b\u3001\u5a01\u514b\u5170\u5fb7\u53ca\u83f2\u5947\uff0c1974\uff0c\u7b2c 108\u2013109 \u9875\uff09<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\ud83d\udccc \u5b66\u4e60\u7b14\u8bb0<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6848\u4f8b\u4e0e”\u4e09\u4f4d\u88c1\u5224”\u548c”\u9ad8\u5c14\u592b\u7403\u62bd\u7b7e”\u6709\u7740\u7d27\u5bc6\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u8054\u7cfb\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n
- \n
- \u5e72\u6270”\u6b67\u4e49\u6027”\u7684\u89e3\u91ca\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff1a\u901a\u5e38\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u4eba\u7fa4\u5bf9”\u8b66\u5bdf\u5f00\u7f5a\u5355”\u7684\u89e3\u8bfb\u662f”\u538b\u8feb”\u6216”\u654c\u5bf9\u884c\u52a8”\u3002\u8b66\u5b98\u5927\u58f0\u5ba3\u5e03\u90a3\u4e2a\u663e\u800c\u6613\u89c1\u7684\u4e8b\u5b9e\uff0c\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u662f\u5728\u5f3a\u884c\u63d2\u5165\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u7684”\u8bed\u6cd5”\u3002\u7fa4\u4f17\u7684\u5927\u8111\u5728”\u6124\u6012”\u548c”\u8ff7\u60d1”\u4e4b\u95f4\u5361\u4f4f\u4e86\u2014\u2014\u4ed6\u4eec\u8bd5\u56fe\u5bfb\u627e\u90a3\u53e5\u8bdd\u7684”\u6df1\u5c42\u610f\u4e49”\uff0c\u800c\u8fd9\u79cd\u8ba4\u77e5\u8d1f\u8377\u77ac\u95f4\u4e2d\u65ad\u4e86\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u653b\u51fb\u6027\u884c\u4e3a\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n
- \u521b\u9020\u4e00\u79cd\u65b0\u7684”\u73b0\u5b9e”\uff1a\u6b63\u5982\u7b2c\u4e09\u4f4d\u88c1\u5224\u8bf4”\u5224\u4e86\u624d\u7b97\u6570”\uff0c\u8fd9\u4f4d\u8b66\u5b98\u901a\u8fc7\u5ba3\u544a\uff0c\u5c06\u4e00\u4e2a\u7d27\u5f20\u7684\u5bf9\u6297\u51b2\u7a81\u77ac\u95f4\u91cd\u65b0\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e3a\u4e00\u6b21\u516c\u5f00\u7684\u7a0b\u5e8f\u6f14\u793a\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n
- \u884c\u52a8\u7684\u8282\u594f\uff1a\u7ec4\u7ec7\u5316\uff08Organizing\uff09\u9700\u8981\u65f6\u95f4\u3002\u8b66\u5b98\u5229\u7528\u4e86\u4eba\u4eec”\u8d4b\u4e88\u610f\u4e49”\uff08Sensemaking\uff09\u6240\u9700\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u5dee\uff0c\u5728\u5171\u8bc6\u8fbe\u6210\u4e4b\u524d\u5c31\u5b8c\u6210\u4e86\u64a4\u79bb\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n
\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6848\u4f8b\u6458\u81ea\u74e6\u8328\u62c9\u7ef4\u514b\u7684\u7ecf\u5178\u8457\u4f5c\u300a\u53d8\u9769\u300b\uff08Change\uff09\uff0cWeick \u501f\u6b64\u8bf4\u660e\uff1a\u7ec4\u7ec7\u5316\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u6280\u80fd\u4e4b\u4e00\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u80fd\u591f\u6253\u7834\u65e7\u7684\u89e3\u91ca\u6846\u67b6\uff0c\u5e76\u8fc5\u901f\u5efa\u7acb\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u7684\u6846\u67b6\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n\u539f\u6587\uff1aIn 1938 the Ford Motor Car Co. tried to reach a new group of customers by introducing a car that was smaller than their V8 in size and power. After several years of development they produced a car (dubbed 92A) that was narrower, shorter, and 600 pounds lighter than the regular Ford. However. The small motor cost only $3 less to manufacture and the entire car could be built for only $36 less than the big car. By mid-April the project was abandoned, signifying that the company would not expand the range of its models downward( Nevins and Hill 1963, p. 118)<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u53c2\u8003\u8bd1\u6587\uff1a”1938 \u5e74\uff0c\u798f\u7279\u6c7d\u8f66\u516c\u53f8\u8bd5\u56fe\u901a\u8fc7\u63a8\u51fa\u4e00\u6b3e\u6bd4\u5176 V8 \u7cfb\u5217\u5c3a\u5bf8\u66f4\u5c0f\u3001\u52a8\u529b\u66f4\u5f31\u7684\u8f66\u578b\u6765\u5438\u5f15\u65b0\u7684\u5ba2\u6237\u7fa4\u3002\u7ecf\u8fc7\u51e0\u5e74\u7684\u7814\u53d1\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u751f\u4ea7\u51fa\u4e86\u4e00\u6b3e\uff08\u4ee3\u53f7\u4e3a 92A\uff09\u6bd4\u5e38\u89c4\u798f\u7279\u8f66\u66f4\u7a84\u3001\u66f4\u77ed\u4e14\u8f7b\u4e86 600 \u78c5\u7684\u6c7d\u8f66\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u8fd9\u6b3e\u5c0f\u578b\u53d1\u52a8\u673a\u7684\u5236\u9020\u6210\u672c\u4ec5\u964d\u4f4e\u4e86 3 \u7f8e\u5143\uff0c\u6574\u8f66\u6210\u672c\u4e5f\u4ec5\u6bd4\u5927\u8f66\u4fbf\u5b9c 36 \u7f8e\u5143\u3002\u5230\u4e86 4 \u6708\u4e2d\u65ec\uff0c\u8be5\u9879\u76ee\u88ab\u653e\u5f03\uff0c\u8fd9\u6807\u5fd7\u7740\u516c\u53f8\u5c06\u4e0d\u4f1a\u5411\u4f4e\u7aef\u5e02\u573a\u6269\u5c55\u5176\u8f66\u578b\u7cfb\u5217\u3002”\uff08\u5185\u6587\u65af\u548c\u5e0c\u5c14 1963\uff0c\u7b2c 118 \u9875\uff09<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\ud83d\udccc \u5b66\u4e60\u7b14\u8bb0<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u5f15\u7528\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6848\u4f8b\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u63a2\u8ba8\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7684\u9009\u62e9\u4e0e\u4fdd\u7559\uff08Selection and Retention\uff09\u673a\u5236\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n
- \n
- \u884c\u52a8\u5148\u4e8e\u7406\u89e3\uff1a\u798f\u7279\u516c\u53f8\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u5148\u7b97\u597d\u4e86\u8d26\u624d\u51b3\u5b9a”\u4e0d\u5411\u4f4e\u7aef\u6269\u5f20”\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u5148\u6295\u5165\u4e86\u51e0\u5e74\u7684\u7814\u53d1\uff08Action\uff09\uff0c\u5728\u5236\u9020\u51fa\u6837\u8f66\u5e76\u9762\u5bf9”\u4ec5\u7701\u4e0b 36 \u7f8e\u5143”\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6b8b\u9177\u4e8b\u5b9e\u540e\uff0c\u624d\u901a\u8fc7”\u653e\u5f03\u9879\u76ee”\u8fd9\u4e00\u51b3\u5b9a\uff0c\u56de\u6eaf\u6027\u5730\uff08Retrospectively\uff09\u4e3a\u516c\u53f8\u5212\u5b9a\u4e86\u6218\u7565\u8fb9\u754c\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n
- \u5b9a\u4e49\u7684\u6743\u529b\uff1a\u6b63\u5982\u7b2c\u4e09\u4f4d\u88c1\u5224\u8bf4”\u5224\u4e86\u624d\u7b97\u6570”\uff0c\u8fd9 36 \u7f8e\u5143\u7684\u5dee\u4ef7\u5728\u7ec4\u7ec7\u5185\u90e8\u88ab”\u5224\u5b9a”\u4e3a\u5931\u8d25\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5224\u5b9a\u4e0d\u4ec5\u7ed3\u675f\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u8f66\u578b\uff0c\u66f4\u5728\u6240\u6709\u5458\u5de5\u5fc3\u4e2d\u5efa\u7acb\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u5171\u8bc6\uff1a”\u798f\u7279\u4e0d\u505a\u4f4e\u7aef\u5c0f\u8f66”\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u5171\u8bc6\u9a8c\u8bc1\uff08Consensual Validation\uff09\u6784\u6210\u4e86\u798f\u7279\u516c\u53f8\u5f53\u65f6\u7684”\u7ec4\u7ec7\u73b0\u5b9e”\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n
- \u51cf\u5c11\u6b67\u4e49\u6027\uff1a”\u516c\u53f8\u8981\u4e0d\u8981\u505a\u5c0f\u8f66\uff1f”\u539f\u672c\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5145\u6ee1\u6b67\u4e49\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u8fd9\u6b21\u5931\u8d25\u7684\u5c1d\u8bd5\uff0c\u6b67\u4e49\u88ab\u6d88\u9664\u4e86\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n
\u2014\u2014 \u672a\u5b8c\u5f85\u7eed \u2014\u2014<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
The Social Psychology of Organizing \u7ec4\u7ec7\u793e\u4f1a\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66 Second Edit … <\/p>\n
- \u4f8b\u5b50\uff1a\u4e00\u4e2a\u9879\u76ee\u662f”\u6210\u529f”\u8fd8\u662f”\u5931\u8d25”\uff1f\u5728\u9886\u5bfc\u4e0b\u5b9a\u8bba\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u5b83\u53ea\u662f\u4e00\u5806\u6df7\u4e71\u7684\u6570\u636e\u3002\u53ea\u6709\u5f53\u7ec4\u7ec7\u901a\u8fc7\u6743\u529b\u6216\u5171\u8bc6\u7ed9\u5b83\u8d34\u4e0a\u6807\u7b7e\u65f6\uff0c\u5b83\u624d\u5728\u7ec4\u7ec7\u73b0\u5b9e\u4e2d\u771f\u6b63”\u5b58\u5728”\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n
- Weick \u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u5728\u7ec4\u7ec7\u4e2d\uff0c”\u5224\u5b9a”\u8fd9\u4e2a\u52a8\u4f5c\u672c\u8eab\u521b\u9020\u4e86\u73b0\u5b9e\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n
- \u4ed6\u627f\u8ba4\u4e86\u611f\u77e5\u7684\u5c40\u9650\u6027\u2014\u2014\u73b0\u5b9e\u7ecf\u8fc7\u4e86”\u6211”\u7684\u89c2\u5bdf\u3002\u8fd9\u5bf9\u5e94\u4e86”\u5171\u8bc6\u9a8c\u8bc1”\uff0c\u5373\u6211\u4eec\u770b\u5230\u7684\u73b0\u5b9e\u662f\u7ecf\u8fc7\u8fc7\u6ee4\u7684\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n
- \u4ed6\u8ba4\u4e3a\u73b0\u5b9e\u662f\u5ba2\u89c2\u5b58\u5728\u7684\uff0c\u4e0d\u4ee5\u4eba\u7684\u610f\u5fd7\u4e3a\u8f6c\u79fb\u3002\u8fd9\u5bf9\u5e94\u4e86\u4f20\u7edf\u7684\u7ba1\u7406\u89c2\uff1a\u8ba4\u4e3a\u7ec4\u7ec7\u6709\u7edd\u5bf9\u7684\u5ba2\u89c2\u89c4\u5f8b\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n